Question 1

Which statement describes the function of telomeres?

Accepted Answer

Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences that are found at the ends of chromosomes. They protect the coding regions of chromosomes by preventing the loss of genetic information during DNA replication. During each round of replication, a small portion of the telomere is lost, which shortens the overall length of the chromosome. Over time, this shortening can lead to cellular senescence or programmed cell death. Therefore, telomeres play a critical role in maintaining DNA stability and protecting the genome.

Question 2

In meiosis,_____ are separated during anaphase I,and _____ are separated during anaphase II.

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes are separated during anaphase I, while sister chromatids are separated during anaphase II. This is because during anaphase I, each homologous chromosome pair separates, one chromosome moving to each pole, whereas during anaphase II, the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate, so each pole receives one chromatid from each chromosome.

Question 3

Meiosis may pause at which point in the cycle?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Meiosis may pause at which point in...

Question 4

New alleles arise by _____.

Accepted Answer

New alleles can only arise through mutation, which is a change in genetic material (DNA). Crossing over and independent assortment can result in new combinations of existing alleles, but not in the creation of new ones. Sexual and asexual reproduction can result in the inheritance of new combinations of alleles, but not the creation of new ones.

Question 5

Mutations in genes that control _____ are likely to cause cancer.

Accepted Answer

Mutations in genes that control cell cycle checkpoints can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and the development of cancer. Genes that regulate other cellular processes such as metabolism or ribosomal function are not usually associated with cancer development. Telomere shortening can contribute to aging and the development of some age-related diseases but is not a direct cause of cancer. Phenotype expression is a broad term and not specifically related to cancer development.

Question 6

Match the cellular process to the correct phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle.Each question has only one BEST answer, but answer choices may be used more than once.
-phase that follows DNA replication

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the cellular process to the correct...

Question 7

Match the cellular process to the correct phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle.Each question has only one BEST answer, but answer choices may be used more than once.
-phase in which chromatids are not connected by centromeres

Accepted Answer

Chromatids are not yet connected by centromeres in the G1 phase of the cell cycle.

Answer: B
 Mitosis is the phase in which chromatids are separated into individual chromosomes and divided into two identical daughter cells.

Answer: C
 The S phase is when DNA synthesis and replication occurs, resulting in two identical copies of each chromosome (sister chromatids) connected by a centromere.

Answer: A
 G2 is the phase after DNA replication in which the cell prepares for mitosis by producing organelles and structures needed for cell division. Chromatids are already connected by centromeres by this phase.

Question 8

At the beginning of prophase I,there are _____ chromosomes in the germ cell that will develop into a human sperm cell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At the beginning of prophase I,there are...

Question 9

Match the cellular process to the correct phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle.Each question has only one BEST answer, but answer choices may be used more than once.
-period prior to mitosis

Accepted Answer

The period prior to mitosis is called G2 (G stands for gap).

Note: Mitosis refers to the actual process of nuclear division, not the period leading up to it.

Question 10

How do microtubules separate chromosomes during anaphase?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do microtubules separate chromosomes during anaphase?...

Question 11

Match the cellular process to the correct phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle.Each question has only one BEST answer, but answer choices may be used more than once.
-phase that precedes cytoplasmic division

Accepted Answer

The phase that precedes cytoplasmic division is mitosis.

Other options: 
A) G2 follows S phase 
C) S phase precedes G2 
D) G1 precedes S phase.

Question 12

Match the cellular process to the correct phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle.Each question has only one BEST answer, but answer choices may be used more than once.
-this is the last stage of interphase

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the cellular process to the correct...

Question 13

Sister chromatids separate during _____ of mitosis and _____ of meiosis.

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids separate during anaphase of mitosis and anaphase II of meiosis.

Question 14

The fusion of egg and sperm cells results a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

The fusion of egg and sperm cells results in the formation of a zygote.

Question 15

Match the cellular process to the correct phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle.Each question has only one BEST answer, but answer choices may be used more than once.
-phase during which the cell prepares for DNA replication

Accepted Answer

G1 is the phase during which the cell prepares for DNA replication by growing and synthesizing proteins.

Answer: C
 S phase is when DNA replication occurs.

Answer: A
 G2 is the phase after DNA replication and before mitosis, during which the cell prepares for cell division.

Answer: B
 Mitosis is the phase during which the cell divides its nucleus and distributes its chromosomes to two daughter cells. It does not prepare for DNA replication.

Question 16

Match the cellular process to the correct phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle.Each question has only one BEST answer, but answer choices may be used more than once.
-period in which metaphase occurs

Accepted Answer

Metaphase occurs during the mitosis phase of the cell cycle.

Answer: A 
 G2 is the period just before mitosis, during which the cell prepares for division.

Answer: C 
 S phase is the period during which DNA replication occurs, in preparation for cell division.

Answer: D 
 G1 is the period after cell division, during which the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication.

Question 17

Match the cellular process to the correct phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle.Each question has only one BEST answer, but answer choices may be used more than once.
-when DNA is replicated

Accepted Answer

DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.

Question 18

Match the cellular process to the correct phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle.Each question has only one BEST answer, but answer choices may be used more than once.
-nuclear division

Accepted Answer

Mitosis is the phase in which nuclear division occurs.

Answer: C
 DNA replication (a key step in cellular division) occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.

Answer: A
 G2 phase is the final phase before mitosis, during which the cell prepares for cell division by synthesizing proteins and other molecules.

Question 19

Match the cellular process to the correct phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle.Each question has only one BEST answer, but answer choices may be used more than once.
-the beginning of interphase

Accepted Answer

The eukaryotic cell cycle begins with G1 phase, during which the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication.

Answer: C
 S phase is the phase of the cell cycle during which DNA replication occurs.

Answer: A
 G2 phase is the phase of the cell cycle following DNA replication and prior to the onset of mitosis, during which the cell prepares for cell division.

Answer: B
 Mitosis is the phase of the cell cycle during which the nucleus divides and the cell divides into two daughter cells. It occurs after G2 phase.

Question 20

Meiosis II is similar to mitosis because _____.

Accepted Answer

Meiosis II and mitosis both involve the separation of sister chromatids, resulting in the production of haploid daughter cells. Both processes involve similar stages such as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, where the spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes and pull them apart. Meiosis II differs from mitosis in that there is no replication of DNA before the division, and homologous chromosomes are not paired in meiosis II.

Quiz 8: How Cells Reproduce

Which statement describes the function of telomeres?

In meiosis,_ are separated during anaphase I,and _ are separated during anaphase II.

Meiosis may pause at which point in the cycle?

New alleles arise by _____.

Mutations in genes that control _____ are likely to cause cancer.

Match the cellular process to the correct phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle.Each question has only one BEST answer, but answer choices may be used more than once. -phase that follows DNA replication

Match the cellular process to the correct phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle.Each question has only one BEST answer, but answer choices may be used more than once. -phase in which chromatids are not connected by centromeres

At the beginning of prophase I,there are _____ chromosomes in the germ cell that will develop into a human sperm cell.

Match the cellular process to the correct phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle.Each question has only one BEST answer, but answer choices may be used more than once. -period prior to mitosis

How do microtubules separate chromosomes during anaphase?

Match the cellular process to the correct phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle.Each question has only one BEST answer, but answer choices may be used more than once. -phase that precedes cytoplasmic division

Match the cellular process to the correct phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle.Each question has only one BEST answer, but answer choices may be used more than once. -this is the last stage of interphase

Sister chromatids separate during _ of mitosis and _ of meiosis.

The fusion of egg and sperm cells results a(n) _____.

Match the cellular process to the correct phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle.Each question has only one BEST answer, but answer choices may be used more than once. -phase during which the cell prepares for DNA replication

Match the cellular process to the correct phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle.Each question has only one BEST answer, but answer choices may be used more than once. -period in which metaphase occurs

Match the cellular process to the correct phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle.Each question has only one BEST answer, but answer choices may be used more than once. -when DNA is replicated

Match the cellular process to the correct phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle.Each question has only one BEST answer, but answer choices may be used more than once. -nuclear division

Match the cellular process to the correct phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle.Each question has only one BEST answer, but answer choices may be used more than once. -the beginning of interphase

Meiosis II is similar to mitosis because _____.