Question 1

Business managers generally rely on the consequentialist approach.

Accepted Answer

Business managers typically focus on the outcomes and consequences of their actions and decisions, which aligns with the consequentialist approach.

Question 2

Ethical dilemmas represent conflicts in values.

Accepted Answer

Ethical dilemmas arise when there are competing values or principles, and a decision must be made between them.

Question 3

If you are asked to make hastily a decision that you believe raises potential ethical issues you should be a good team player and proceed with the decision.

Accepted Answer

Making a hastily decision without considering potential ethical issues can lead to negative consequences and harm individuals or the organization. It is important to take the time to evaluate the situation and its ethical implications before making a decision. Discussing concerns with team members and seeking guidance from superiors or ethics committees can also be helpful in making informed decisions.

Question 4

Creativity and thinking out of the box are just a scoundrel's way of saying that coming up with alternatives in solving how you handle ethical issues are valuable skills to keep you from getting caught.

Accepted Answer

This statement is completely incorrect and promotes unethical behavior. Creativity and thinking outside the box are important skills in problem-solving, but they should always be used in an ethical and responsible manner. Ethics should never be compromised for personal gain or to avoid getting caught.

Question 5

The consequentialist approach protects the rights of the minority.

Accepted Answer

The consequentialist approach focuses on the outcome or consequence of an action rather than individual rights, so it may not necessarily protect the rights of the minority.

Question 6

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, developer of a key theory of moral reasoning, role taking is useless as nothing is gained by putting yourself in the shoes of others.

Accepted Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg actually believed that role taking is a valuable tool for developing moral reasoning because it helps individuals understand the perspectives and experiences of others, leading to more complex and ethical decision-making.

Question 7

A virtue ethics perspective requires a moral actor to look to the community that will hold the moral actor to the highest ethical standard and support the moral actor's intention to be a virtuous person.

Accepted Answer

Virtue ethics emphasizes the importance of character and the cultivation of virtues, and it suggests that one must look to the community that upholds and promotes the virtues and ethical standards that one seeks to embody. In other words, the community serves as a source of guidance, support, and accountability for the moral actor.

Question 8

An ethical dilemma is defined as a situation where two or more "right" values are in conflict.

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of an ethical dilemma.

Question 9

Although all of the philosophical approaches have limitations, an individual must choose one approach and follow its guidance in every situation.

Accepted Answer

While each philosophical approach has its own strengths and weaknesses, it is not necessary or advisable to rigidly adhere to only one approach in every situation. Rather, a pragmatic and flexible approach that takes into account the specific context and complexities of each situation is typically more effective.

Question 10

A _______________ is any person or group with a stake in the issue at hand.
A) stakeholder
B) large customer
C) community committee
D) government party

Accepted Answer

The definition given perfectly describes a stakeholder - someone who has an interest in a particular issue or business, and can be affected by its outcomes. The other options - large customer, community committee, and government party - are too specific and do not encompass all possible stakeholders.

Question 11

A virtue ethics perspective considers the actor's character, motivations, and intentions.

Accepted Answer

Virtue ethics focuses on the character and intentions of the moral agent, rather than just the action itself. It emphasizes the importance of cultivating virtuous character traits, such as honesty and compassion, in order to lead a good life and make ethical decisions.

Question 12

Generally, ethical dilemmas are not routine. Therefore, there is no way that an individual can be prepared or informed for a problem ahead of time.

Accepted Answer

While ethical dilemmas may not be routine, individuals can still prepare themselves for potential ethical issues by studying ethical principles and considering possible scenarios that may arise. This can help individuals to better recognize and navigate ethical dilemmas when they do occur.

Question 13

Despite the disclosure rule, making decisions in private to avoid negative reaction is generally best for a business as it safeguards your firm's reputation and keeps competitive information away from your competitors.

Accepted Answer

Making decisions in private may protect reputation and competitive information, but it is also important to be transparent and make ethical decisions that are in the best interest of stakeholders. Making decisions solely to avoid negative reactions can damage a business in the long run.

Question 14

A major challenge of deontological approaches is deciding which duty, obligation, right, or principle takes precedence because ethical dilemma often pit these against each other.

Accepted Answer

Deontological approaches prioritize following duty, obligation, right, or principle regardless of the outcome, which can create conflicts when these values come into conflict with each other. Therefore, determining which value to prioritize becomes a significant challenge in deontological ethics.

Question 15

Most business managers rely on a deontological approach.

Accepted Answer

While some managers may use a deontological approach where they prioritize following moral rules and duties regardless of the outcome, many managers rely on a consequentialist approach where they prioritize achieving the best possible outcome, even if it means breaking certain moral rules or duties. Ultimately, the ethical framework used by a business manager will depend on their personal values and the specific situation they face.

Question 16

A challenge involved in using a strictly consequentialist approach is that it is often difficult to obtain the information required to evaluate all of the consequences for all stakeholders who may be directly or indirectly affected by an action or decision.

Accepted Answer

Consequentialism requires evaluating all potential consequences of an action, which can be difficult to gather and analyze for all stakeholders.

Question 17

An appearance of a conflict of interest can be as damaging as an actual conflict.

Accepted Answer

An appearance of a conflict of interest can damage an individual or organization's reputation, credibility, and trustworthiness, even if there is no actual conflict. It can lead to skepticism and suspicion from stakeholders, and potentially harm relationships and business opportunities. Therefore, it's important to avoid not only actual conflicts of interest but also the appearance of them.

Question 18

In business, concerning yourself with how your decision making affects stakeholders is useless given the number of stakeholders and their different interests.

Accepted Answer

It is important to consider how your decision making affects stakeholders as they can have a significant impact on the success of a business. While there may be many stakeholders with different interests, it is still important to prioritize their needs and consider the potential consequences of your decisions on them.

Question 19

Utilitarianism is the best known example of a consequential theory.

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism is a consequential theory because it judges whether an action is right or wrong based on its consequences or outcomes.

Question 20

It is good advice to go with your gut.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is good advice to go with...

Quiz 2: Deciding Whats Right: a Prescriptive Approach