Question 1

Annual migration flows may be small relative to the rest of the world, but what differences tend to make migrants particularly visible?

Accepted Answer

Ethnic, cultural, and social differences can all make migrants stand out and be more visible, even if their numbers are relatively small. These differences can manifest in language, dress, customs, and attitudes, among other things. As a result, migrants may be more likely to be subject to discrimination or stereotyping based on these differences.

Question 2

The most significant impact of HIV/AIDS on workforce demographics may not be on the numbers of workers, but on the:

Accepted Answer

HIV/AIDS has a significant impact on the age structure of the workforce as it affects people in their most productive years. Many people infected with HIV/AIDS are in the age group of 15-49 years, which affects the productivity and labor force participation of this age group. This can lead to a shortage of skilled and experienced workers in the labor market, which can affect economic growth in the long run. While HIV/AIDS can also impact gender and education demographics, the most significant impact is on the age structure of the workforce.

Question 3

Since the 1960s, migration flows from developing countries - to both developed and other developing countries alike - have

Accepted Answer

Migration flows from developing countries have replaced the historical trend of Europeans migrating to other parts of the world, as European emigration has decreased over time.

Question 4

Box 4.3: Ethnic Diversity in Malaysia: In Malaysia, native Malays outnumber people of Chinese origin and thus _________ the government.

Accepted Answer

The phrase "outnumber people of Chinese origin" suggests that Malays have a larger population and may therefore dominate the government.

Question 5

The civil rights movement has fostered a continued striving for fairness toward all population groups in the workplace, including people ____________

Accepted Answer

The civil rights movement aimed to secure equal rights and opportunities for all individuals, regardless of their race, gender, religion, national origin, age, disability or sexual orientation. Therefore, it fostered a continued striving for fairness toward all population groups in the workplace, including people with nontraditional sexual orientation, with disabilities, and of different age groups.

Question 6

In countries such as Germany, Italy, Japan, or the Russian Federation, the United Nations expects there to be fewer people ages 15-64. Even if fertility rates increase in these countries, the current deficit in young people cannot be replaced, except by

Accepted Answer

Immigration is the only option that can replace the deficit in young people, as extending the work age to 72 is not feasible or desirable for many individuals, and gender diversity does not directly address the demographic issue.

Question 7

In _________, little has changed where agriculture remains the primary industry and women have generally been active (though not usually in the paid labor force) throughout their lives, including childbearing years.

Accepted Answer

Africa has a significant portion of the population still working in agriculture, and women have traditionally had active roles in the sector, although their work is often not formally recognized or compensated.

Question 8

In addition to births and deaths, what is/are (an)other element of population change?

Accepted Answer

Migration is another element of population change, as it involves individuals moving in or out of a particular area or region, which can have a significant impact on the total population size and demographic composition. While baby boomers and employment opportunities may have some influence on population dynamics, they are not direct factors in population change.

Question 9

What country may be the last frontier for "excess" labor available for low-wage competition in their home countries or to fill jobs in developing countries that have fewer working-age people?

Accepted Answer

Africa has a rapidly growing population, with a projected 2.5 billion people by 2050. This means there will be a large pool of excess labor available for low-wage competition in their own countries, as well as for filling jobs in developing countries that have fewer working-age people. Additionally, Africa is still developing its economy and infrastructure, making it an attractive location for foreign investment and job creation.

Question 10

Economic integration, as opposed to the increasing level of trans-border migration of people seeking work (relative to work population size), has transformed the

Accepted Answer

Economic integration has transformed the international division of labor, as it has allowed for the movement of goods, services, and capital across borders, leading to the specialization of different countries in different stages of production. While trans-border migration of people seeking work may also impact the international division of labor, it is not the primary factor in its transformation. The national division of labor and global labor force may be affected by economic integration, but to a lesser extent than the international division of labor.

Question 11

Recent research in several more-developed countries suggest that life expectancy is not only growing the numbers of people who are surviving to the end of normal work life, but pushing ___________ and disability back.

Accepted Answer

The sentence suggests that life expectancy is pushing "old age" back, indicating that people are living longer and reaching old age before experiencing serious disabilities. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 12

What contributed to the slowdown of migration into the United States from Mexico starting in 2005?

Accepted Answer

All of the factors listed contributed to the slowdown of migration from Mexico to the United States starting in 2005. Decreased birth rates and expanding opportunities in Mexico made staying more attractive, poor economic conditions in the U.S. made it less appealing, and heightened border enforcement and increased deportations by U.S. authorities made crossing the border more difficult and risky.

Question 13

Box. 4.2: The Price of Migration for Women from the Philippines: Many Filipina women have found a large international demand for their service as caregivers to children and to the elderly. Most country policies are not as generous as _________________ to provide Filipina women employment opportunities to offer caregiver services to children and the elderly.

Accepted Answer

Canada is known for its more generous immigration policies and programs that facilitate employment opportunities for caregivers, including those from the Philippines.

Question 14

Box 4.2: The Price of Migration for Women from the Philippines: With all the fees associated with the legal work opportunities in Taiwan, it is little wonder that many women head to countries such as _____________ to work illegally for wages as little as $3 per hour, with no pay overtime.

Accepted Answer

The passage states that many women head to countries such as the United States to work illegally for wages as little as $3 per hour, with no pay overtime.

Question 15

Worldwide, between 2000 and 2025, the United Nations expects the working-age population, defined internationally as ages 15-64, to __________ by more than one third.

Accepted Answer

According to the statement, the United Nations expects the working-age population to increase by more than one third between 2000 and 2025. Therefore, the correct choice is B, increase.

Question 16

Box 4.1: The Women Who Leave, the Children Who Follow. Every year, an estimated ________ children from Central America and Mexico enter the United States illegally in an effort to reunite with their mothers.

Accepted Answer

According to the information given in the box, an estimated 48,000 children from Central America and Mexico enter the United States illegally each year to reunite with their mothers.

Question 17

Global economic development policy makes fostering women's employment opportunities ________ in developing countries.

Accepted Answer

Fostering women's employment opportunities is a priority in global economic development policies for developing countries as it can contribute to reducing poverty, increasing GDP, and promoting gender equality.

Question 18

In Middle Eastern and North African countries, society invests less in girls' ____________ and constrains women's roles outside the home.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that in many Middle Eastern and North African countries, girls are often given less access to education compared to boys. This can limit their opportunities for employment and social development, as well as perpetuate traditional gender roles that keep them confined to the home. While there may be some investment in girls' employment or social development, education is the primary area where disparities exist.

Question 19

In countries with little or no population growth, people with disabilities can _______ the labor supply.

Accepted Answer

In countries with little or no population growth, people with disabilities can swell the labor supply by adding to the number of potential workers, thus increasing the labor force.

Question 20

Which statement is true: The working-age population in the least developed countries is growing rapidly and in the traditional pattern - among youth. This growth is particularly pronounced because worldwide:

Accepted Answer

All the statements contribute to the rapid growth of the working-age population in the least developed countries. Improved healthcare and longevity (A), higher survival rates to adulthood (B), and young populations contributing to the birth rate (C) all play roles in this demographic trend.

Quiz 4: Global Demographic Trends: Impact on Workforce Diversity