Question 1

When using the Hofstede framework of national culture, it is important to remember that the five dimensions are independent.

Accepted Answer

The dimensions are not independent, as they often interact and influence each other within a given culture. For example, collectivism may be influenced by the level of power distance or individualism may be influenced by the level of uncertainty avoidance.

Question 2

Which of the following means being aware of our own behaviors, preferences, styles, biases, personalities, and so on?

Accepted Answer

Self-awareness means being mindful and conscious of our own behaviors, preferences, biases, and personalities. It is a crucial component of emotional intelligence and is essential for personal growth and development. Self-awareness helps us identify our strengths and weaknesses, allowing us to make informed decisions and communicate effectively with others.

Question 3

People are born into a society that teaches their members its culture.

Accepted Answer

This is true as culture is passed on from generation to generation through various means such as family, education, media, and religion.

Question 4

In Hofstede's framework of national culture, individualism-collectivism reflects the degree to which organizations emphasize competition and assertiveness versus interpersonal sensitivity and concerns for relationships.

Accepted Answer

In Hofstede's framework, individualism-collectivism reflects the degree to which societies emphasize individual achievement and autonomy versus collective well-being and interdependence, not the organizational emphasis on competition versus interpersonal sensitivity.

Question 5

In Meglino's value schema, the value of honesty refers to being impartial and doing what is fair for all concerned.

Accepted Answer

In Meglino's value schema, the value of honesty refers to the extent to which an individual believes it is important to be sincere, truthful, and trustworthy, rather than being impartial and doing what is fair for all concerned, which more closely relates to the value of fairness or justice.

Question 6

According to Hofstede's framework, value differences across national cultures can be evaluated in terms of power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, and long-term/short-term orientation.

Accepted Answer

This statement is correct. Hofstede's framework includes these five dimensions for evaluating cultural value differences across nations.

Question 7

South Korea is low on Hofstede's long-term orientation and the U.S. is a more long-term oriented country.

Accepted Answer

South Korea has a high score on Hofstede's long-term orientation, indicating a strong focus on future rewards, perseverance, and thrift. In contrast, the U.S. has a lower score, reflecting a more short-term approach that values tradition, fulfilling social obligations, and achieving quick results.

Question 8

Meglino's value schema includes theoretical, economic, aesthetic, social, political, and religious values.

Accepted Answer

Meglino's value schema includes achievement, helping and concern for others, honesty, and fairness, not the categories listed in the question.

Question 9

__________ and __________ are two related aspects of the self-concept.

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem refers to the overall evaluation of one's worth or value, while self-efficacy relates to one's belief in their ability to successfully perform tasks and achieve goals. These two aspects of the self-concept are related in that higher levels of self-esteem can lead to increased self-efficacy, as individuals believe in their ability to succeed and achieve their goals. Therefore, self-esteem and self-efficacy are the two related aspects of the self-concept.

Question 10

When examining value congruence between leaders and followers, researchers using Meglino's value schema reported greater follower satisfaction with a leader when there was value congruence in terms of achievement, helping, honesty and fairness values.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately reflects the findings of research using Meglino's value schema.

Question 11

A leaking pipeline occurs when individuals express positive feelings upon encountering others who exhibit values similar to their own.

Accepted Answer

A leaking pipeline typically refers to a situation where there is a continuous loss or drop-off of individuals from a system or process, often used in contexts like education or employment to describe the diminishing representation of a group, not the expression of positive feelings towards similar values.

Question 12

Culture is the learned, shared way of doing things in a particular society.

Accepted Answer

Culture is not innate, it is acquired through socialization and shared among members of a society.

Question 13

Both terminal and instrumental values differ across groups, and these differences can encourage conflict or agreement when the groups have to deal with each other.

Accepted Answer

Terminal values refer to end goals or outcomes that a person or group wants to achieve, while instrumental values refer to the means or methods used to achieve those goals. Different groups may have different priorities in terms of what they value and how they want to achieve their goals, which can lead to conflict or agreement when they interact with each other.

Question 14

According to Hofstede's framework of national culture, uncertainty avoidance reflects the degree to which people are likely to respect hierarchy and rank in organizations.

Accepted Answer

Uncertainty avoidance reflects the degree to which people in a society are uncomfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty; it does not directly relate to respect for hierarchy and rank, which is covered under Hofstede's Power Distance dimension.

Question 15

Interestingly, values rarely influence an individual's attitudes and behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Values are the fundamental beliefs and principles that guide an individual's attitudes and behaviors. They are deeply ingrained and tend to shape an individual's worldview and behavior in a consistent way. Thus, values do influence an individual's attitudes and behaviors.

Question 16

Bruce Meglino's classification of human values includes the values of achievement, helping and concern for others, honesty, and fairness.

Accepted Answer

Bruce Meglino's classification of human values includes the values of achievement, helping and concern for others, honesty, and fairness.

Question 17

High power distance and individualism are often found together, as are low power distance and collectivism.

Accepted Answer

High power distance is often associated with collectivism, where societies accept unequal distribution of power and emphasize group goals over individual ones. Conversely, low power distance is frequently found with individualism, where societies value equality and prioritize individual goals and rights.

Question 18

When values differ, or are incongruent, conflicts over such things as goals and the means to achieve them may result.

Accepted Answer

When values differ, individuals or groups may hold different goals or beliefs about the means to achieve them, leading to conflicts.

Question 19

The way individuals think about such matters as achievement, material gain, wealth, risk and change may influence how they approach work and their relationships with organizations.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true. People's beliefs and attitudes towards achievement and material gain can affect their motivation and behavior towards work and organizations. Similarly, their views on risk and change can impact their willingness to take on new challenges and adapt to changing circumstances within the organization.

Question 20

Values are broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of action or outcomes.

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of values as per common usage.

Quiz 2: Diversity, Personality, and Values

When using the Hofstede framework of national culture, it is important to remember that the five dimensions are independent.

Which of the following means being aware of our own behaviors, preferences, styles, biases, personalities, and so on?

People are born into a society that teaches their members its culture.

In Hofstede's framework of national culture, individualism-collectivism reflects the degree to which organizations emphasize competition and assertiveness versus interpersonal sensitivity and concerns for relationships.

In Meglino's value schema, the value of honesty refers to being impartial and doing what is fair for all concerned.

According to Hofstede's framework, value differences across national cultures can be evaluated in terms of power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, and long-term/short-term orientation.

South Korea is low on Hofstede's long-term orientation and the U.S. is a more long-term oriented country.

Meglino's value schema includes theoretical, economic, aesthetic, social, political, and religious values.

and are two related aspects of the self-concept.

When examining value congruence between leaders and followers, researchers using Meglino's value schema reported greater follower satisfaction with a leader when there was value congruence in terms of achievement, helping, honesty and fairness values.

A leaking pipeline occurs when individuals express positive feelings upon encountering others who exhibit values similar to their own.

Culture is the learned, shared way of doing things in a particular society.

Both terminal and instrumental values differ across groups, and these differences can encourage conflict or agreement when the groups have to deal with each other.

According to Hofstede's framework of national culture, uncertainty avoidance reflects the degree to which people are likely to respect hierarchy and rank in organizations.

Interestingly, values rarely influence an individual's attitudes and behaviors.

Bruce Meglino's classification of human values includes the values of achievement, helping and concern for others, honesty, and fairness.

High power distance and individualism are often found together, as are low power distance and collectivism.

When values differ, or are incongruent, conflicts over such things as goals and the means to achieve them may result.

The way individuals think about such matters as achievement, material gain, wealth, risk and change may influence how they approach work and their relationships with organizations.

Values are broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of action or outcomes.