Question 1

Research shows that the employment interview

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research shows that the employment interview
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Question 2

Which is a potential example of the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency of people to attribute others' behavior to internal, dispositional factors rather than to situational factors. In this example, Shawn is attributing her secretary's kindness to her personality traits rather than considering any situational factors that may have caused her behavior.

Question 3

Paul met a salesperson for the first time.His first impression was that she was pushy,as were most people in sales that Paul had encountered in the past.According to Bruner's model of the perceptual process,Paul is most likely to

Accepted Answer

According to Bruner's model, once a person forms an initial impression, they are likely to select cues that confirm that impression. Therefore, Paul is most likely to look for cues that support his initial belief that the salesperson is pushy.

Question 4

On a construction site,Ray drops a wrench and it almost hits Cecil on the head.If Cecil develops a situational (as opposed to dispositional)explanation of Ray's behaviour he might assume that

Accepted Answer

A situational explanation would focus on external factors that caused the behavior, rather than internal traits of the person. In this case, the situational explanation for Ray's behavior would be that the wrench was oily and slipped out of his hand, rather than him intentionally trying to harm Cecil or being a careless or stupid person.

Question 5

A reporter covering a price fixing trial felt that the alleged price fixer was a crook.The alleged price fixer testified that his boss pressured him to engage in illegal activities.The alleged price fixer felt that the reporter's stories about the trial were the product of a vindictive and nasty mind.The price fixer explained his own behaviour ________ and that of the reporter ________.

Accepted Answer

The alleged price fixer is explaining that his own behavior was based on external pressure (situationally) and that the reporter's behavior (writing vindictive and nasty stories) was based on internal characteristics (dispositionally). Therefore, option C suits the statement.

Question 6

"I don't really like you very much,and this causes me to overlook a number of your good qualities." This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of the halo effect, where the negative impression of not liking someone influences our perception of their other characteristics, causing us to overlook their good qualities.

Question 7

The contrast effect means that the perceiver

Accepted Answer

The contrast effect refers to the tendency to overemphasize differences between people or objects that are presented one after the other. This can lead perceivers to exaggerate differences among target people, making them seem more distinct from one another than they actually are.

Question 8

Workforce diversity can be defined in terms of which characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Workforce diversity can be defined by various characteristics, including but not limited to age, gender, religion, and ethnicity. Therefore, all of the choices - A, B, C, and D - are valid options for defining workforce diversity.

Question 9

Encouraging teamwork between minority and majority members should

Accepted Answer

Encouraging teamwork between minority and majority members can reduce workplace stereotypes by providing opportunities for different individuals to work together and better understand each other's perspectives and experiences. This can lead to increased empathy and sensitivity towards diversity, which can ultimately enhance team effectiveness and productivity.

Question 10

The actor-observer effect suggests that

Accepted Answer

The actor-observer effect suggests that actors and observers tend to view the actor's behaviour in a different way. Actors tend to make situational attributions about their own behaviour while observers tend to make dispositional attributions about the actor's behaviour.

Question 11

Common workplace stereotypes include stereotypes based on

Accepted Answer

All of the above options (age, gender, ethnicity, and race) are common workplace stereotypes that can negatively impact individuals and the work environment. It is important to recognize and challenge these stereotypes to create a more inclusive and respectful workplace.

Question 12

"Karen acts differently from everyone else,but Byron acts the same as everyone else." The speaker here is invoking a ________ cue to describe Karen's behaviour and a ________ cue to describe Byron's behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The answer of "Karen acts differently from everyone else,but Byron...

Question 13

The professor who gives all C's to his class is committing

Accepted Answer

Central tendency is a rating error in the evaluation process where the evaluator tends to rate everyone as average, avoiding the high and low extremes. Giving all C's reflects this tendency to avoid extremes and rate everyone in the middle.

Question 14

Gender stereotypes are least likely to have a negative impact on women

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gender stereotypes are least likely to have...

Question 15

The self-serving bias

Accepted Answer

The answer of The self-serving bias
...

Question 16

Heloise was happy that the systems manager was fired.She incorrectly assumed that everyone else in the company was also happy.What perceptual tendency is at work here?

Accepted Answer

Heloise is projecting her own feelings onto others, assuming they share her happiness about the systems manager being fired. This is an example of projection, where one attributes their own thoughts, feelings, or characteristics onto others.

Question 17

According to Bruner's model of perception,we are most open to cues about a target

Accepted Answer

According to Bruner's model, we are most open to cues about a target when it is first encountered. This is the "perceptual readiness" stage where we are actively seeking information about the target to better understand it. Once we have categorized the target and have formed a mental representation of it, we may become less open to new information or cues. Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Question 18

The perception that a person might be judged on the basis of stereotype and that their behaviour or performance will confirm the stereotype is known as a

Accepted Answer

The perception that a person might be judged on the basis of stereotype and that their behaviour or performance will confirm the stereotype is known as stereotype threat. This can lead to self-doubt and anxiety, which can affect their performance or behaviour, thereby confirming the stereotype.

Question 19

Bob resigns from a job that most of his friends consider to be a very good job.Which of the following is a dispositional attribution of the reason for Bob's resignation?

Accepted Answer

The statement "Bob is irresponsible and doesn't know a good thing when he sees it" is a dispositional attribution because it assumes that the reason for Bob's resignation is a result of his personal characteristics and not external factors.

Question 20

Samantha engages in a low consensus behaviour.What other combination of cues will ensure that an observer makes a dispositional attribution about the behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A low consensus behavior means that not many people exhibit the same type of behavior in a given situation. A behavior that is low in distinctiveness means that it is not unique to the situation or context. A behavior that is low in consistency means that it is not always present and may change over time. Therefore, if Samantha's behavior is low in consensus, but also low in distinctiveness and low in consistency, it would suggest that the behavior is not necessarily reflective of her disposition. However, if the behavior is low in consensus but high in consistency, it would suggest that the behavior is more reflective of Samantha's disposition. High distinctiveness is not relevant in this scenario because it refers to a behavior that is unique to a particular situation, while low contrast is not a relevant cue in making attributions.

Quiz 3: Perception, attribution, and Diversity