Deck 17: Therapy

Question 1

The use of antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia best illustrates

A) biomedical therapy.
B) behavior therapy.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) cognitive therapy.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Sheena's therapist tells her to relax,close her eyes,and state aloud whatever comes to mind no matter how trivial or absurd it seems.The therapist is using a technique that is central to

A) client-centered therapy.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) systematic desensitization.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Some of Freud's techniques and assumptions are most evident in today's

A) behavior therapies.
B) psychodynamic therapies.
C) biomedical therapies.
D) cognitive therapies.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Sigmund Freud introduced a form of psychotherapy known as

A) counterconditioning.
B) active listening.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) psychoanalysis.

Question 5

The expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships is known as

A) transference.
B) resistance.
C) free association.
D) counterconditioning.

Question 6

Psychoanalytic techniques are designed primarily to help patients

A) focus on their immediate conscious feelings.
B) feel more trusting toward others.
C) become aware of their repressed conflicts and impulses.
D) develop greater self-esteem.

Question 7

Which form of therapy is most likely to be described as expensive and time-consuming?

A) systematic desensitization
B) client-centered therapy
C) psychoanalysis
D) cognitive therapy

Question 8

Psychoanalysis would suggest that resistance during therapy supports and maintains the process of

A) systematic desensitization.
B) free association.
C) dream interpretation.
D) repression.

Question 9

Mr.Phillips has recently begun to express feelings of hostility and resentment toward his therapist,who is consistently friendly,caring,and helpful.A therapist using psychoanalysis would most likely consider Mr.Phillips's hostility to be an example of

A) transference.
B) free association.
C) counterconditioning.
D) systematic desensitization.

Question 10

Psychoanalysis is most likely to involve

A) attending to patients' positive and negative feelings toward their therapists.
B) associating a patient's undesirable behavior with unpleasant experiences.
C) repeating or rephrasing what a patient says during the course of therapy.
D) helping patients identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences.

Question 11

The treatment of depression with ECT best illustrates

A) biomedical therapy.
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) client-centered therapy.

Question 12

An analyst who points out a patient's resistance to continuing the process of free association and provides the patient with insight into the reason for this resistance is engaging in

A) systematic desensitization.
B) stress inoculation training.
C) interpretation.
D) transference.

Question 13

Treatment involving psychological techniques designed to assist someone to overcome a psychological disorder such as a phobia would generally be best described as

A) psychoanalysis.
B) psychotherapy.
C) insight therapy.
D) psychodynamic therapy.

Question 14

Just as Austin began telling his therapist about a painful childhood experience,he complained of a headache and abruptly ended the session.A therapist using psychoanalysis would most likely suggest that Austin's behavior is an example of

A) resistance.
B) transference.
C) counterconditioning.
D) insight.

Question 15

In psychoanalysis,a patient's hesitation to free associate is most likely a sign of

A) transference.
B) resistance.
C) counterconditioning.
D) unconditional positive regard.

Question 16

As a therapist,Dr.Cioffi often uses systematic desensitization.She also considers active listening to be an invaluable therapeutic tool,and she frequently makes use of free association.Dr.Cioffi's therapeutic approach would best be described as

A) psychoanalytic.
B) client-centered.
C) behavioral.
D) eclectic.

Question 17

Free association involves the

A) expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships.
B) repeated association of a relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli.
C) uncensored reporting of any thoughts that come to mind.
D) replacement of a negative response to a harmless stimulus with a positive response.

Question 18

Psychoanalytic interpretation is designed to promote

A) transference.
B) counterconditioning.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) insight.

Question 19

The interpretation of dreams is most closely associated with

A) cognitive therapy.
B) client-centered therapy.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) psychoanalysis.

Question 20

Which of the following therapists introduced the use of free association?

A) Carl Rogers
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Aaron Beck
D) Mary Cover Jones

Question 21

A brief variation of psychodynamic therapy that has been effective in treating depression is known as

A) stress inoculation training.
B) exposure therapy.
C) behavior modification.
D) interpersonal psychotherapy.

Question 22

Interpersonal therapy focuses primarily on helping people to

A) stop blaming themselves for their failures.
B) associate relaxation with stressful circumstances.
C) improve their relationship skills.
D) understand the origins of their conflicts.

Question 23

One therapist reported helping a patient to realize that he couldn't say "I love you" to his wife because it would feel soft and unmanly.The therapist's efforts to restore the patient's awareness of his wishes and his reactions against these wishes best illustrate

A) exposure therapy.
B) stress inoculation training.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) counterconditioning.

Question 24

A psychodynamic approach to therapy is most likely to involve

A) training patients in progressive relaxation.
B) suggesting interpretive insights regarding patients' difficulties.
C) recommending the use of drugs during the process of psychotherapy.
D) encouraging depressed patients to take more responsibility for their failures.

Question 25

Letting another person know that you sense and understand the feelings he or she is expressing to you best demonstrates

A) transference.
B) progressive relaxation.
C) active listening.
D) free association.

Question 26

Carl Rogers is known for the development of

A) the token economy.
B) stress inoculation training.
C) client-centered therapy.
D) systematic desensitization.

Question 27

Which form of psychotherapy is most likely to focus on providing clients with insight into themes evident in their troubling and recurring patterns of social interaction in a variety of important relationships?

A) client-centered therapy
B) systematic desensitization
C) psychodynamic therapy
D) behavior modification

Question 28

The psychodynamic and humanistic therapies are often referred to as

A) behavior therapies.
B) biomedical therapies.
C) insight therapies.
D) eclectic therapies.

Question 29

Increasing clients' awareness of their own motives and defenses is a central goal of

A) exposure therapies.
B) stress inoculation training.
C) progressive relaxation.
D) insight therapies.

Question 30

As a psychotherapist,Dr.Buist does not analyze people's motives or diagnose the nature of their difficulties because he believes that they are in the best position to diagnose and solve their own problems.Dr.Buist's position is most characteristic of ________ therapy.

A) cognitive
B) psychoanalytic
C) operant conditioning
D) client-centered

Question 31

Humanistic therapies are most likely to involve

A) encouraging clients to carefully observe the consequences of their maladaptive behaviors.
B) focusing special attention on clients' positive and negative feelings toward their therapists.
C) emphasizing the importance of self-awareness for psychological adjustment.
D) helping clients identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences.

Question 32

Client-centered therapy is most likely to involve

A) helping clients associate anxiety-arousing stimuli with a pleasant state of relaxation.
B) encouraging clients to carefully observe the consequences of their maladaptive behaviors.
C) restating and clarifying what clients say during the course of therapy.
D) vigorously challenging clients' self-defeating thoughts.

Question 33

Instead of focusing on the cure of psychological disorders,________ therapies seek to promote personal growth and self-fulfillment.

A) psychodynamic
B) biomedical
C) behavior
D) humanistic

Question 34

A therapist who nonjudgmentally accepts and values a client even when aware of the client's personal failings most clearly demonstrates

A) progressive relaxation.
B) free association.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) transference.

Question 35

Which of the following is considered to be the most nondirective form of therapy?

A) client-centered therapy
B) cognitive therapy
C) psychoanalysis
D) systematic desensitization

Question 36

Freud is to ________ as Rogers is to ________.

A) psychoanalysis;counterconditioning
B) free association;active listening
C) dream analysis;systematic desensitization
D) active listening;empathy

Question 37

Which approach emphasizes the importance of providing patients with feelings of unconditional positive regard?

A) cognitive therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) client-centered therapy
D) systematic desensitization

Question 38

A therapist wants to help Hannah recognize her mixed feelings of fear and love for her husband and to realize that she often experienced similar feelings for her brothers during her childhood.The therapist's goal is most clearly consistent with the aims of

A) psychodynamic therapy.
B) behavior therapy.
C) biomedical therapy.
D) client-centered therapy.

Question 39

Humanistic therapies aim to boost people's self-fulfillment by helping them to grow in

A) progressive relaxation.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) a token economy.
D) self-acceptance.

Question 40

Tom tells his therapist that his girlfriend undermines his ability to make his own decisions.The therapist acknowledges Tom's apparent frustration and irritation and asks him to clarify how his girlfriend's actions trigger such strong feelings in him.The therapist's technique best illustrates

A) systematic desensitization.
B) active listening.
C) interpretation.
D) stress inoculation training.

Question 41

Principles derived from psychologists' understanding of classical conditioning have most directly influenced the development of

A) humanistic therapies.
B) cognitive therapies.
C) psychodynamic therapies.
D) behavior therapies.

Question 42

The exposure therapies used today were refined by

A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Joseph Wolpe.
C) Egas Moniz.
D) Carl Rogers.

Question 43

Counterconditioning techniques were derived from principles first developed by

A) Ivan Pavlov.
B) Carl Rogers.
C) B.F.Skinner.
D) Sigmund Freud.

Question 44

Aversive conditioning involves

A) replacing a negative response to a harmless stimulus with a positive response.
B) identifying a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences.
C) associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences.
D) systematically controlling the consequences of patients' maladaptive behaviors.

Question 45

To reduce his daughter's fear of the dark,Mr.Chew would hug and gently rock her immediately after turning off the lights at bedtime.Mr.Chew's strategy best illustrates the technique of

A) stress inoculation training.
B) transference.
C) free association.
D) counterconditioning.

Question 46

The construction of an anxiety hierarchy and training in relaxation are important aspects of

A) aversive conditioning.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) interpersonal psychotherapy.
D) stress inoculation training.

Question 47

Mr.Vogt is terribly afraid of being alone in his own house at night.The behavior therapy most likely to be used to reduce this fear would be

A) free association.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) a token economy.
D) aversive conditioning.

Question 48

Which of the following is a form of counterconditioning?

A) unconditional positive regard
B) stress inoculation training
C) virtual reality exposure therapy
D) free association

Question 49

To help Thor overcome his fear of giving public speeches,his therapist instructs him to relax and then to imagine speaking to a group of four people.The therapist is using

A) client-centered therapy.
B) cognitive therapy.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) aversive conditioning.

Question 50

Which of the following therapies is more concerned with removing specific troubling symptoms than with facilitating new ways of thinking?

A) psychoanalysis
B) behavior therapy
C) client-centered therapy
D) cognitive therapy

Question 51

The repeated association of pleasant relaxing states with stimuli that arouse fear is a central feature of

A) humanistic therapy.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) stress inoculation training.

Question 52

O.H.Mowrer trained children to discontinue bed-wetting by arranging for an alarm to sound each time they wet their beds.This technique best illustrates a therapeutic application of

A) systematic desensitization.
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C) stress inoculation training.
D) classical conditioning.

Question 53

To treat nail biting,one can paint a patient's fingernails with a nasty-tasting nail polish.This procedure best illustrates

A) transference.
B) stress inoculation training.
C) aversive conditioning.
D) systematic desensitization.

Question 54

Systematic desensitization involves the use of

A) aversive conditioning.
B) stress inoculation training.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) progressive relaxation.

Question 55

Repeatedly introducing people to things they fear and avoid is most characteristic of

A) stress inoculation training.
B) exposure therapies.
C) behavior modification.
D) transference.

Question 56

Repeatedly pairing a conditioned stimulus that triggers distress with an unconditioned stimulus that triggers pleasure best illustrates

A) free association.
B) counterconditioning.
C) stress inoculation training.
D) unconditional positive regard.

Question 57

Cindy suggested that her nail biting might be a symptom of unconscious resentment toward her parents.Her therapist chuckled and said,"No,Cindy,your problem isn't unconscious hostility;your problem is nail biting." It sounds like Cindy's therapist is applying principles of ________ therapy.

A) behavior
B) humanistic
C) cognitive
D) psychodynamic

Question 58

With ________,the therapist replaces a fearful response with a relaxation response.

A) systematic desensitization
B) free association
C) aversive conditioning
D) transference

Question 59

Virtual reality exposure therapy is most likely to prove effective in the treatment of

A) hallucinations.
B) obsessions.
C) depression.
D) phobias.

Question 60

Which of the following techniques is derived from classical conditioning principles?

A) the token economy
B) systematic desensitization
C) stress inoculation training
D) interpersonal psychotherapy

Question 61

Teaching people to stop blaming themselves for failures and negative circumstances beyond their control is of most direct concern to ________ therapy.

A) psychodynamic
B) cognitive
C) client-centered
D) behavior

Question 62

Persuading depressed patients to reverse their catastrophizing beliefs about themselves and their futures is most characteristic of

A) Rogers' client-centered therapy.
B) Beck's cognitive therapy.
C) Wolpe's exposure therapy.
D) Freud's psychoanalysis.

Question 63

Whenever 2-year-old Calista runs into the street in front of her house,her mother immediately spanks her.The mother's technique most closely resembles the procedure known as

A) systematic desensitization.
B) free association.
C) aversive conditioning.
D) stress inoculation training.

Question 64

Influencing patients by therapeutically controlling the consequences of their actions illustrates an application of

A) humanistic therapy.
B) classical conditioning.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) operant conditioning.

Question 65

Self-blaming explanations of bad events often fuel a depressed mood that leads to behavioral withdrawal and the later pain of feeling lonely.This best illustrates that depression may involve

A) a vicious cycle.
B) a token economy.
C) transference.
D) systematic desensitization.

Question 66

Cognitive therapies are most likely to focus on the extent to which emotional disturbances result from

A) self-blaming and overgeneralized explanations of bad events.
B) chemical abnormalities within the brain.
C) overly permissive child-raising practices.
D) poverty,unemployment,racism,and sexism.

Question 67

Because he performed below the class average on his first college psychology test,Aaron concluded that he was incredibly stupid,that he would fail the course,and that he would never be successful in life.Aaron's conclusions best illustrate

A) a token economy.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) catastrophizing.
D) transference.

Question 68

Although Ethan is actually doing very well in college,he feels depressed and academically incompetent.His therapist has instructed him to explain in writing how his good grades resulted from his own hard work and personal abilities.This therapeutic procedure is most characteristic of ________ therapy.

A) behavior
B) cognitive
C) psychodynamic
D) humanistic

Question 69

If therapy clients repeatedly imbibe an alcoholic drink mixed with a nausea-producing drug,an alcoholic drink without the drug is likely to become a(n)________ for feelings of nausea.

A) US
B) UR
C) CS
D) CR

Question 70

The practice of ________ is based on the application of operant conditioning principles.

A) unconditional positive regard
B) systematic desensitization
C) free association
D) behavior modification

Question 71

Aaron Beck has used gentle questioning intended to reveal depressed clients' irrational thinking.His therapeutic approach best illustrates

A) unconditional positive regard.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) free association.

Question 72

Which of the following is most often criticized for violating clients' rights to personal freedom and self-determination?

A) cognitive therapy
B) client-centered therapy
C) behavior modification
D) systematic desensitization

Question 73

Proponents of ________ have argued that maintaining appropriate patient behaviors with positive rewards is more humane than relying on punishment.

A) stress inoculation training
B) aversive conditioning
C) token economies
D) free association

Question 74

Principles of operant conditioning have most directly influenced the development of

A) cognitive therapies.
B) humanistic therapies.
C) behavior therapies.
D) psychodynamic therapies.

Question 75

In which operant conditioning procedure are positive reinforcers given for desired behaviors?

A) a token economy
B) systematic desensitization
C) aversive conditioning
D) free association

Question 76

In one treatment program,parents spent 40 hours a week attempting to shape the behavior of their uncommunicative 3-year-olds with autism spectrum disorder.This program most clearly involved

A) client-centered therapy.
B) behavior therapy.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) stress inoculation training.

Question 77

Which of the following is a form of cognitive therapy?

A) behavior modification
B) systematic desensitization
C) stress inoculation training
D) transference

Question 78

Mrs.Laiti is a compulsive gambler.To reduce her attraction to this self-defeating activity,a behavior therapist would most likely use

A) stress inoculation training.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) a token economy.
D) aversive conditioning.

Question 79

Mr.Quinones,a fifth-grade teacher,gives a blue plastic star to each student who achieves a high score on a math or spelling test.At the end of the semester,students can exchange their stars for prizes.Mr.Quinones' strategy illustrates an application of

A) transference.
B) operant conditioning.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) counterconditioning.

Question 80

What would be most helpful for encouraging adults with intellectual disabilities to make their beds every morning?

A) cognitive therapy
B) aversive conditioning
C) a token economy
D) systematic desensitization