Deck 12: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

The turning point year in the history of treatment of the mentally ill was ________, when Phillipe Pinel became director of the Bicêtre Hospital in Paris.

A) 1793
B) 1894
C) 1379
D) 1937

Answer 1

1793

Question 2

Thousands of years ago, mental illness was nearly always attributed to ________.

A) biological disorders
B) social forces
C) improper diet
D) supernatural powers

Answer 2

supernatural powers

Question 3

The psychoanalytic model holds that abnormal behavior is the result of ________.

A) learning
B) biochemical imbalances
C) unconscious conflicts
D) biology

Answer 3

unconscious conflicts

Question 4

The psychoanalytic model holds that behavior problems can be traced to ________.

A) genetic disorders
B) faulty learning
C) adolescence
D) childhood

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true?

A) In recent years, psychologists and mental health professionals have been able to arrive at a single definition of normal or abnormal behavior.
B) The mental health professional's concern is whether the individual's behavior conforms to the existing social order.
C) The definitions of normal or abnormal behavior must come from the mental health professional.
D) Defining behavior as normal or abnormal depends on whose standards and system of values is used.

Question 6

The ________ model of mental illness holds that abnormal behavior is caused by physiological malfunction that is often attributable to hereditary factors.

A) psychodynamic
B) biological
C) cognitive-behavioral
D) naturalistic

Question 7

The first individual to argue for pleasant living conditions for the mentally ill was ________.

A) Mesmer
B) Freud
C) Pinel
D) Charcot

Question 8

Society's main standard for judging abnormal behavior is ________.

A) the person's success in meeting societal expectations for performance in work, school, and in social relationships
B) the person's experience of inner distress
C) an individual's personal sense of well-being
D) whether behavior conforms to what is socially expected

Question 9

Early asylums were ________.

A) places of humane care with primitive, but relatively effective treatment methods
B) reserved exclusively for wealthy people who were mentally ill
C) places of humane care, although they had no formal methods of treating mental illness
D) little more than prisons where the insane could be confined

Question 10

The individual's primary criterion for judging abnormal behavior is ________.

A) personality characteristics
B) success in meeting societal expectations for performance in work, school, and in social relationships
C) whether the behavior conforms to what is socially expected
D) his or her sense of personal well-being

Question 11

For those people in the Middle Ages who believed abnormal behavior resulted from supernatural forces, an oft-used treatment was ________.

A) exorcism
B) "magic" potions
C) tarantism
D) purging with leeches

Question 12

The most notable American pioneer in the treatment of mental illness was ________.

A) Lincoln
B) Barton
C) Dix
D) Ross

Question 13

Public and private institutions for confining and imprisoning the mentally ill were first established in ________.

A) the Middle Ages
B) the nineteenth century
C) ancient times
D) the Renaissance

Question 14

In most cases, normal and abnormal behavior is ________ different.

A) qualitatively but not quantitatively
B) both qualitatively and quantitatively
C) quantitatively but not qualitatively
D) neither qualitatively nor quantitatively

Question 15

The psychoanalytic model of abnormal behavior was developed by ________.

A) Fournier
B) Wundt
C) Freud
D) Perls

Question 16

Which of the following is not one of the three influential models for treating psychological disorders that emerged during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

A) the cognitive-behavioral model
B) the psychoanalytic model
C) the biological model
D) the naturalistic model

Question 17

Which of the following is not a criterion psychologists rely on to determine abnormality?

A) conformity to what is socially expected
B) psychological discomfort
C) personality traits
D) functioning well in life

Question 18

It seems to Joanna that every time her son Daniel eats foods containing chemical dyes or additives, he gets into trouble or acts irrationally. When Joanna mentions this to her pediatrician, he tells her that Daniel's behavior fits the ________ model of abnormality.

A) biological
B) intrapersonal
C) behavioral
D) psychoanalytic

Question 19

The psychoanalytic model of mental illness was developed during the ________.

A) late Middle Ages
B) Renaissance
C) mid to late 20^th century
D) late 19^th and early 20^th centuries

Question 20

The basic reason for the failed, and sometimes abusive, treatment of mentally disturbed people throughout history has been ________.

A) a lack of understanding of the nature and causes of psychological disorders
B) lack of money to provide adequate care for disturbed people
C) fear of retribution by supernatural forces
D) political and legal restrictions placed on treatment by insensitive authorities

Question 21

Dave's wife suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his inability to cope with criticism. The doctor suggests that Dave's problem represents the expression of an unresolved internal conflict that has its roots in Dave's childhood. This view is typical of the ________ model of abnormality.

A) biological
B) behavioral
C) psychoanalytic
D) cognitive

Question 22

A recent national survey found that ________ disorders are more common than any other form of mental disorder.

A) anxiety
B) personality
C) mood
D) psychotic

Question 23

If there were 100 cases of a disorder in a population of 1,000, and 50 of the cases were new cases, the prevalence of the disorder would be ________ percent.

A) 10
B) 1
C) 5
D) 20

Question 24

A diathesis is a ________.

A) dilation of blood vessels in the brain
B) physical disability
C) biological predisposition
D) mental weakness or "blind spot"

Question 25

According to the diathesis-stress model, some people ________.

A) are less susceptible than others to social influence
B) develop mental illness from supernatural causes
C) are biologically predisposed to certain kinds of stress
D) can be cured of mental illness through hypnosis

Question 26

A World Health Organization study found that the highest prevalence of psychological disorders was in ________.

A) Europe
B) Asia
C) the Americas
D) the middle East and Africa

Question 27

The biopsychosocial model is another name for the ________ approach to mental illness.

A) unimodal
B) systems
C) psychoanalytic
D) cognitive-behavioral

Question 28

Dave's mother suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his crippling feelings of inferiority. The doctor suggests that Dave's problem stems from internal processes such as self-defeating beliefs, unrealistic expectancies, and negative thinking. This view is typical of the ________ model of abnormality.

A) cognitive-behavioral
B) biological
C) humanistic
D) psychoanalytic

Question 29

According to the diathesis-stress model, ________.

A) people learn to be schizophrenic from observing schizophrenic parents
B) schizophrenia results from the excess dilation of the blood vessels to the brain, resulting in stress to the neocortex
C) genetic factors predispose some people to schizophrenia and stress activates the disorder
D) schizophrenia results when children are taught to act in ways that contradict their perceptions of reality and their feelings

Question 30

The view that psychological, social, and biological risk factors combine to produce psychological disorders is known as the ________ approach to abnormal behavior.

A) psychopharmacotherapeutic
B) eclectic
C) biopsychosocial
D) psychoneuroimmunological

Question 31

A 2005 NIMH study found that the most common mental disorders are ________ disorders.

A) anxiety
B) organic
C) personality
D) mood

Question 32

If there were 100 cases of a disorder in a population of 1,000, and 50 of the cases were new cases, the incidence of the disorder would be ________ percent.

A) 20
B) 5
C) 10
D) 1

Question 33

The frequency with which a given disorder occurs at a given time is known as its ________.

A) prevalence
B) epidemiology
C) occurrence
D) incidence

Question 34

The number of new cases of a disorder that arise within a given time period is known as its ________.

A) prevalence
B) occurrence
C) epidemiology
D) incidence

Question 35

A World Health Organization study found that the lowest prevalence of psychological disorders was in ________.

A) the Americas
B) the middle East and Africa
C) Europe
D) Asia

Question 36

The cognitive-behavioral model suggests that abnormal behavior is the result of ________.

A) learning and thinking
B) unconscious conflicts
C) biochemical imbalances
D) biology

Question 37

The view that biological, psychological, and social risk factors combine to produce psychological problems is known as the ________ approach to abnormal behavior.

A) psychodynamic
B) pluralistic
C) multimodal
D) systems

Question 38

Dave's wife suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his crippling fear of heights. The doctor suggests that Dave's phobia is a learned disorder that has been maintained by consistently negative thoughts. The doctor suggests that the disorder can be unlearned with proper treatment. This view is typical of the ________ model of abnormality.

A) humanistic
B) psychoanalytic
C) biological
D) cognitive-behavioral

Question 39

The view that people biologically predisposed to a mental disorder will tend to exhibit that disorder when particularly affected by stress is known as the ________ model of abnormal behavior.

A) acute stress
B) organic stress
C) posttraumatic stress
D) diathesis-stress

Question 40

The view that heart disease results from a combination of genetic predisposition, stress, characteristic personality styles, poor health behaviors, and competitive pressures is typical of the ________ approach to abnormal behavior.

A) multimodal
B) psychoneuroimmunological
C) systems
D) eclectic

Question 41

The DSM-IV-TR defines mental disorders according to ________.

A) causes of disruptive behavior patterns
B) significant behavior patterns
C) family histories
D) various theoretical approaches

Question 42

Two types of depression distinguished by the DSM-IV are ________.

A) major depressive episode and dysthymia
B) major depressive episode and minor depressive episode
C) minor depressive episode and cyclothymia
D) cyclothymia and dysthymia

Question 43

The DSM-IV-TR lists nine symptoms of depression. At least ________ of them must be present or clinicians to make a diagnosis of depression.

A) nine
B) five
C) seven
D) three

Question 44

The most widely used classification of psychological disorders is the ________.

A) DSM-IV-TR
B) MICS-II
C) MDCS-III
D) STRS

Question 45

The DSM-IV-TR was designed to provide a complete list of ________.

A) innate predispositions
B) psychological disorders
C) health providers
D) treatment models

Question 46

The legal term for a defendant's ability to understand the charges against him or her and participate in a defense in court is ________.

A) insanity
B) abnormality
C) competency
D) mental illness

Question 47

The DSM-IV-TR distinguishes between ________ forms of depression.

A) three
B) five
C) four
D) two

Question 48

Carl has been having problems lately. He feels that he is an utter failure and he blames himself totally for all of his problems. He is probably suffering from ________.

A) depression
B) bipolar disorder
C) conversion disorder
D) hysteria

Question 49

The legal term for someone who is so mentally disturbed that he or she is not considered responsible for his or her criminal actions is ________.

A) psychosis
B) psychopathology
C) schizophrenia
D) insanity

Question 50

The American Psychiatric Association has issued an official manual describing and classifying the various kinds of abnormal behavior for nearly ________ years.

A) 60
B) 40
C) 80
D) 20

Question 51

Which of the following is not one of the symptoms listed by the DSM-IV-TR for a diagnosis of depression?

A) sleep disturbance
B) significant weight loss or gain
C) disturbances in motor activity
D) increased interest in pleasure

Question 52

Disorders characterized by disturbances in a person's emotional state are known as ________ disorders.

A) mood
B) conversion
C) somatoform
D) dissociative

Question 53

Depression, mania, and bipolar disorder are all examples of ________ disorders.

A) psychotic
B) neurotic
C) somatoform
D) mood

Question 54

The most common mood disorder is ________.

A) amnesia
B) mania
C) depression
D) bipolar disorder

Question 55

The DSM was designed to ________.

A) provide a comprehensive listing of all the licensed therapists in America
B) describe and classify the various kinds of psychological disorders
C) identify and classify the various types of treatment facilities available in the United States
D) describe the most effective therapy approaches for various mental illnesses

Question 56

A legal term applied to defendants who do not know right from wrong or are unable to control their behavior is ________.

A) mental illness
B) insanity
C) competency
D) abnormality

Question 57

Insanity is ________.

A) a psychological term, not a legal one
B) both a legal term and a psychological one
C) a legal term, not a psychological one
D) neither a legal term nor a psychological one

Question 58

Peter is so depressed that he feels no one could ever love him. He believes he is such a terrible person that he does not deserve to have any friends. He spends his nights alone and has not gone out with anyone in two years. His low opinion of himself is probably the result of a(n) ________ disorder.

A) somatoform
B) anxiety
C) dissociative
D) mood

Question 59

An episode of intense sadness that may last for several months is called ________.

A) major depressive disorder
B) hypomania
C) bipolar disorder
D) dysthymia

Question 60

A disorder involving mild to moderate, and highly persistent sadness (and related symptoms that may linger with little relief for up to two years) is called ________.

A) cyclothymia
B) dysthymia
C) minor depressive episode
D) major depressive episode

Question 61

Adolescents account for ________ percent of the suicide attempts in the United States.

A) 2
B) 12
C) 32
D) 22

Question 62

Bipolar disorder is found ________.

A) more commonly in women than in men
B) only in women
C) more commonly in men than in women
D) equally in men and women

Question 63

Illogical and maladaptive responses to early negative life events leading to feelings of incompetence and unworthiness that are reactivated whenever a new situation arises that resembles the original events are called ________.

A) cognitive distortions
B) irrational beliefs
C) codependency tendencies
D) handicapping strategies

Question 64

Depression is ________ as common in women than in men.

A) four to five times
B) just
C) one-third to one-half
D) two to three times

Question 65

Depression and mania have been linked to ________.

A) neurotransmitter imbalances
B) motor cortex malfunctions
C) lymph node disorders
D) hormonal imbalance

Question 66

In young children, ________ may be manifested as a "failure to thrive," or weight gain, or as a delay in speech or motor development.

A) schizophrenia
B) depression
C) an adjustment disorder
D) personality disorder

Question 67

Men are more likely than women to succeed in a suicide attempt because men ________.

A) do not tell anyone about their suicidal intentions, whereas women tell their friends, who often either talk them out of it or rescue them when the attempt is made
B) plan their attempts more thoroughly than women do
C) take suicide attempts more seriously than women do
D) use more lethal means, such as guns

Question 68

The opposite of depression is ________.

A) neurosis
B) fugue
C) anxiety
D) mania

Question 69

Which of the following is a true statement?

A) Women are more likely than men to attempt suicide and more women succeed at it.
B) Women are more likely to attempt suicide, but men are more likely to succeed at it.
C) Men are more likely to attempt suicide, but women are more likely to succeed at it.
D) Men are more likely than women to attempt suicide and more men succeed at it.

Question 70

Which of the following people is most likely to commit suicide?

A) an elderly African-American male
B) an adolescent African-American male
C) an adolescent White male
D) an elderly White male

Question 71

Which of the following is a true statement?

A) A person who has attempted suicide but failed is not serious about suicide.
B) People considering suicide usually mention their intentions beforehand.
C) The person who talks about committing suicide will never do it.
D) Those who commit suicide tend to have been failures in life.

Question 72

Bipolar disorder is ________ common than depression and has a ________ biological component than depression.

A) more; stronger
B) less; weaker
C) more; weaker
D) less; stronger

Question 73

There is consistent evidence that genetic factors play ________ role in the development of depression and in the development of bipolar disorder.

A) no
B) a consistent, but minor
C) an important
D) only an occasional minor

Question 74

Charlie has had excessive mood swings since he was a child. At times, he hates himself and feels he is a failure. Other times, he is euphoric and feels he can do whatever he sets his mind to. This behavior is typical of a(n) ________ disorder.

A) obsessive-compulsive
B) bipolar
C) schizophrenic
D) somatoform

Question 75

In school-aged children, ________ may be manifested as antisocial behavior, excessive worrying, sleep disturbances, or unwarranted fatigue.

A) schizophrenia
B) an adjustment disorder
C) depression
D) personality disorder

Question 76

A famous theorist argues that depression often results from and is maintained by cognitive distortions that lead to feelings of worthlessness and incompetence. This view is most similar to that of ________.

A) Maslow
B) Skinner
C) Freud
D) Beck

Question 77

In the United States, the suicide rate is ________ among Whites than among minorities.

A) slightly higher
B) much higher
C) slightly lower
D) much lower

Question 78

An athlete who blames herself for her team's loss, even though the whole team played badly, or a man who hasn't had a traffic accident in 20 years who still thinks he is a bad driver because of a dent he put in his car 21 years ago, is engaging in ________.

A) codependency tendencies
B) handicapping strategies
C) irrational beliefs
D) cognitive distortions

Question 79

A mood disorder that includes both depression and mania is known as ________ disorder.

A) histrionic
B) obsessive-compulsive
C) dual process
D) bipolar

Question 80

People considering suicide are usually most overwhelmed with ________.

A) bitterness
B) hopelessness
C) anger
D) apathy