Question 1

The turning point year in the history of treatment of the mentally ill was ________, when Phillipe Pinel became director of the Bicêtre Hospital in Paris.

Accepted Answer

Phillipe Pinel became director of the Bicêtre Hospital in Paris in 1793 and introduced moral treatment for the mentally ill, which emphasized humane and respectful treatment rather than punishment and confinement. This marked a significant shift in the approach to treating the mentally ill and is considered a turning point in the history of mental health care.

Question 2

Thousands of years ago, mental illness was nearly always attributed to ________.

Accepted Answer

Thousands of years ago, mental illness was believed to be caused by supernatural powers, such as evil spirits or the displeased gods. This led to often cruel and inhumane treatments, including exorcisms, trepanation, and even human sacrifice in some cultures.

Question 3

The psychoanalytic model holds that abnormal behavior is the result of ________.

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytic model, developed by Sigmund Freud, holds that human behavior is the result of unconscious conflicts. This theory states that abnormal behavior is due to unresolved conflicts in early childhood, particularly conflicts related to sexual and aggressive impulses.

Question 4

The psychoanalytic model holds that behavior problems can be traced to ________.

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytic model emphasizes that behavior problems can be linked to childhood experiences, particularly those related to unconscious conflicts and repressed feelings. This theory proposes that unresolved issues from childhood can resurface in adulthood and cause psychological distress, which can manifest as behavioral problems.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Defining behavior as normal or abnormal depends on whose standards and system of values is used. Different cultures, societies, and individuals may have different definitions of what is considered normal or abnormal behavior, and it is not the sole responsibility of mental health professionals to determine these definitions. Additionally, there is no single definition or criteria for what constitutes normal or abnormal behavior, as it can vary depending on a range of factors including age, gender, cultural background, and personal values.

Question 6

The ________ model of mental illness holds that abnormal behavior is caused by physiological malfunction that is often attributable to hereditary factors.

Accepted Answer

The biological model of mental illness emphasizes that abnormal behavior is caused by physiological malfunction, which is often due to hereditary factors. This perspective focuses on understanding how genetics, brain structure and chemistry, and other biological factors contribute to mental illness.

Question 7

The first individual to argue for pleasant living conditions for the mentally ill was ________.

Accepted Answer

Philippe Pinel was the first individual to argue for better living conditions for the mentally ill. He advocated for kind treatment and a non-restraint approach to care, leading to significant improvements in the treatment of mental illness. Mesmer, Freud, and Charcot were prominent figures in the history of psychology, but did not specifically advocate for improved conditions for the mentally ill.

Question 8

Society's main standard for judging abnormal behavior is ________.

Accepted Answer

Society's main standard for judging abnormal behavior is whether behavior conforms to what is socially expected. This definition of abnormality is based on cultural norms, values, and beliefs.

Question 9

Early asylums were ________.

Accepted Answer

Early asylums were little more than prisons where the insane could be confined. They lacked any formal methods of treating mental illness, and patients were often subject to inhumane treatment and neglect.

Question 10

The individual's primary criterion for judging abnormal behavior is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The individual's primary criterion for judging abnormal...

Question 11

For those people in the Middle Ages who believed abnormal behavior resulted from supernatural forces, an oft-used treatment was ________.

Accepted Answer

During the Middle Ages, many people believed that abnormal behavior was the result of possession by evil spirits or demons. As a result, exorcisms were commonly used as a treatment for mental illness. This involved various rituals and prayers intended to drive out the supposed supernatural forces causing the aberrant behavior.

Question 12

The most notable American pioneer in the treatment of mental illness was ________.

Accepted Answer

Dorothea Dix was a social reformer who advocated for the humane treatment of people with mental illness. She was instrumental in the establishment of numerous mental hospitals in the United States during the mid-19th century, and her efforts helped to change the way society viewed and cared for those with mental illness.

Question 13

Public and private institutions for confining and imprisoning the mentally ill were first established in ________.

Accepted Answer

Public and private institutions for confining and imprisoning the mentally ill were first established in the Middle Ages. Examples include the Bethlem Royal Hospital in London, which was founded in 1247, and the Pitié-Salpetrière Hospital in Paris, which was founded in 1656.

Question 14

In most cases, normal and abnormal behavior is ________ different.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In most cases, normal and abnormal behavior...

Question 15

The psychoanalytic model of abnormal behavior was developed by ________.

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytic model of abnormal behavior was developed by Sigmund Freud.

Question 16

Which of the following is not one of the three influential models for treating psychological disorders that emerged during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Accepted Answer

The naturalistic model is not one of the three influential models for treating psychological disorders that emerged during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The other three models are the cognitive-behavioral model, the psychoanalytic model, and the biological model.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a criterion psychologists rely on to determine abnormality?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Question 18

It seems to Joanna that every time her son Daniel eats foods containing chemical dyes or additives, he gets into trouble or acts irrationally. When Joanna mentions this to her pediatrician, he tells her that Daniel's behavior fits the ________ model of abnormality.

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that Daniel's behavior is affected by the chemicals in the food he eats, which is a biological factor. Therefore, the best choice is A) biological. The intrapersonal model focuses on internal conflicts and emotions, the behavioral model focuses on learned behaviors and environmental influences, and the psychoanalytic model focuses on unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences. None of these models align with the situation described.

Question 19

The psychoanalytic model of mental illness was developed during the ________.

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytic model of mental illness was developed during the late 19th and early 20th centuries by notable psychologists like Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung.

Question 20

The basic reason for the failed, and sometimes abusive, treatment of mentally disturbed people throughout history has been ________.

Accepted Answer

A lack of understanding of the nature and causes of psychological disorders has been the fundamental reason for the failed and abusive treatment of mentally disturbed people throughout history. This has led to various misguided and harmful practices such as exorcisms, isolation, and physical restraints, among others. As our understanding of mental health has grown, so too has our ability to provide better care and treatment for those who are struggling with psychological disorders.

Quiz 12: Psychological Disorders