Deck 9: Raising Children in a Diverse Society

Question 1

are biological or, much less often, adoptive fathers who do not live with their children.

A) Stepfathers
B) Nonresident fathers
C) Social fathers
D) Disinterested fathers

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Compared to married mothers, single mothers are more likely to be

A) committed to an authoritative parenting style.
B) involved with their children's schools.
C) living in poverty.
D) happier about having children.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In accordance with the stress model of parental effectiveness, single mothers have several stressors which can lead to less effective parenting behaviors. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) time constraints
B) poorer economic resources
C) a private safety net
D) higher depression levels

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Many fathers are than several decades ago.

A) more apt to give up on parenting as soon as it gets hard
B) less emotionally involved
C) more emotionally involved
D) less likely to keep a record of his children's choices

Question 5

Single mothers often have a , or social support from family and friends.

A) public nest
B) private army
C) private safety net
D) public hammock

Question 6

Married couples comprise fewer than of families with a joint child under age 18.

A) one- half
B) two-thirds
C) one-quarter
D) one-third

Question 7

Children and adults can demonstrate the capacity to recover from adverse situations and events. This is called being

A) resistant.
B) resilient.
C) reliable.
D) revolutionary.

Question 8

The vast majority of single mothers

A) have criminal records, usually for minor offenses.
B) ?never intended to raise their children without a partner.
C) are not bothered by their unmarried status.
D) purposefully decided to raise a child alone.

Question 9

The new image of a "good" father in today's society says that fathers .

A) are mainly providers or breadwinners
B) should be the primary nurturer of the child
C) can make less money, if they stay at home more
D) not only take financial responsibility but also are actively involved in child care

Question 10

Many parents display in living arrangements and family structures or forms.

A) a marked fluidity
B) strong stability
C) inconsistent reality
D) emotionally detachment

Question 11

In the United States, the mother is expected to be the child's primary parent, assuming the major emotional responsibility for the safety and upbringing of her children.

A) pseudo emotional
B) psychological
C) sociological
D) economic

Question 12

Although about 20-25 percent of mothers are single mothers, only about percent of fathers are single fathers.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 10
D) 12

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT identified in the text as among the features of the social context of child rearing that can make modern parenting difficult?

A) Today's parents rear their children in a pluralistic society, characterized by diverse and conflicting values.
B) In our society, the parenting role conflicts with the working role, and employers typically place work demands first.
C) Divergent family forms may cause parents special difficulties just because these forms are different from the idealized norm of the intact, nuclear family.
D) Most parents today do not have to worry about caring for their own aging parents.

Question 14

New parents feel overwhelmed, but the motivation to overcome their stress and do their best proceeds from the stressor itself. This has been termed the

A) stress model of parental effectiveness.
B) transition to parenthood model.
C) paradox of parenting.
D) parental resilience effect.

Question 15

According to the text, parents today face questions that would not have been imagined several decades ago. Which of the following is NOT one of the questions discussed in the text?

A) Should baby boys be circumcised?
B) Should I believe the teacher who says my child needs medication?
C) How much fast food is too much?
D) Is my child doing well in school?

Question 16

Alice Rossi has observed that the transition to parenthood is more difficult than the transition to other adult roles for several reasons. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) Parents are more likely than in the past to be geographically distant from relatives.
B) Most first parents approach parenting with little or no previous experience in child care.
C) Unlike other adult roles, the transition to parenthood is extremely gradual.
D) Adjusting to parenthood necessitates changes in the couple's emotional and sexual relationship.

Question 17

In the United States, stay-at-home fathers

A) have much higher status than stay-at-home mothers.
C) have typically poor relationships with their children.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the "facts" discussed in the text concerning fathers as primary parents?

A) About 20 percent of all U.S. children under age fifteen are living with single fathers.
B) About 5 percent of black and of nonHispanic white children live with single fathers.
C) Whether married or single, fathers as primary parents report facing isolation and stereotypes.
D) Primary-parent fathers have begun to organize support groups.

Question 19

When new parents first bring their babies home from the hospital, they report the transition being difficult especially due to several things. Which of these is NOT one of the things they report being bothered by?

A) relatives and friends visiting for hours on end
B) the baby's interruption of their sleeping
C) how difficult it is to go places
D) hard to express themselves sexually

Question 20

Between of all births occur to uncoupled, single mothers.

A) 1 and 5 percent
B) 15 and 20 percent
C) 35 and 30 percent
D) 50 and 60 percent

Question 21

Forms of parental control encouraged by your textbook include all EXCEPT which of the following?

A) explicitly stating expectations
B) psychological control
C) giving time outs
D) denying privileges

Question 22

Which parenting style is preferred by child psychologists?

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) permissive
D) egalitarian

Question 23

Mothers and children make up about percent of the homeless population.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 40
D) 65

Question 24

About percent of children who are raised in poverty have emotional or behavioral difficulties.

A) 5
B) 8
C) 15
D) 21

Question 25

Working-class parents tend to use which model of parenting?

A) permissive-indulgent
B) hyperparenting
C) concerted cultivation
D) the facilitation of natural growth

Question 26

According to research, about of mothers had spanked their children.

A) 20%
B) 44%
C) 75%
D) 80%

Question 27

The parent's attitude is "I am in charge and set/enforce the rules, no matter what."

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) permissive
D) egalitarian

Question 28

Research by Straus and his colleagues show that children who have been frequently spanked by their parents, are

A) less likely later to cheat or tell lies.
B) less likely to bully or be cruel or mean to others.
C) more likely to have behavior problems later in life, as well as depression.
D) less likely to misbehave in various ways.

Question 29

The parent's style is indulgent, and often leads to the classic "spoiled child."

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) permissive
D) egalitarian

Question 30

As adolescents search for identity and begin to define who they are and will be as adults, they need help from their parents. Which one of these is NOT a need listed by the text?

A) firm guidance
B) financial incentive
C) parental accessibility
D) emotional support

Question 31

Discipline is never appropriate for .

A) babies
B) preschoolers
C) teenagers
D) toddlers

Question 32

Upper-middle-class parents tend to use which parenting style?

A) egalitarian
B) permissive
C) authoritative
D) authoritarian

Question 33

Luis plays a parentlike role for his girlfriend's son, even though he is unrelated to the child. The text refers to this role as

A) mentoring.
B) social fathering.
C) counseling.
D) supplemental parenting.

Question 34

Which of the following is LEAST likely to spank their children?

A) low-income parents
B) conservative Protestant parents
C) immigrant parents
D) upper-middle-class parents

Question 35

Which parenting style is characterized by low parental monitoring but high parental warmth?

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) permissive-indulgent
D) permissive-emotional neglect

Question 36

The text points out that parenting is probably more satisfying for parents and effective for children when both parents use which parenting style?

A) authoritarian
B) permissive
C) authoritative
D) egalitarian

Question 37

Upper-class, highly-educated parents are more likely to emphasize concerted cultivation, which is

A) unified parenting.
B) musical learning.
C) a form of gardening and nutrition.
D) the overall development of their child's talents and potential.

Question 38

Which parenting style is characterized by low parental monitoring and low parental warmth?

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) permissive-indulgent
D) permissive-emotional neglect

Question 39

According to the text, spanking refers to

A) hitting a child with an open hand without causing physical injury.
B) striking a child with a blunt object such as a paddle.
C) repeatedly striking a child with a non-injurious object, such as a folded newspaper.
D) hitting a child with a small object.

Question 40

Children living in poverty are more often than other children.

A) introverted
B) rebellious
C) resourceful and intelligent
D) disabled or chronically ill

Question 41

About percent of grandparents in the United States are raising grandchildren.

A) 5
B) 9
C) 11
D) 15

Question 42

It is estimated that children under age 18 are living in a grandparent's household.

A) 600,000
B) 1.6 million
C) 2.6 million
D) more than 3.6 million

Question 43

More mothers than European American mothers spank their children.

A) Hispanic
B) Native American
C) Asian American
D) African American

Question 44

It is estimated that about U.S. children are in foster care.

A) 125,000
B) 250,000
C) 300,000
D) 400,000

Question 45

Same-sex parents tend to

A) be much more strict than heterosexual parents.
B) emphasize their similarity to heterosexual parents.
C) use authoritarian parenting styles.
D) rely on social safety nets for support.

Question 46

Native American parents have been described as exhibiting a(n) parenting style.

A) authoritarian
B) permissive
C) hierarchical
D) authoritative

Question 47

The home lives of undocumented parents are often characterized by

A) corporal punishment.
B) familial loyalty.
C) fear and vigilance.
D) respect for parents and elders.

Question 48

Most families of color engage in , developing children's pride in their cultural heritage while preparing them for the possibility of discrimination.

A) stereotyping
B) race socialization
C) damage control
D) ethnic establishment process

Question 49

Comparing African American parents to other ethnic groups can be seen as

A) oligarchical.
B) bureaucratic.
C) Eurocentric.
D) methodologically unsound.

Question 50

In explaining Asian American children's superior high school performance, a few Asian American social scientists have offered alternative concepts that emphasize indigenous , which blends parental love, concern, involvement, and physical closeness with strict and firm control.

A) Confucian training doctrine
B) authoritarian parenting
C) laissez-faire parenting
D) Yin/Yang doctrine

Question 51

is out-of-home placement with biological relatives of children who are in the custody of the state.

A) Foster care
B) Formal kinship care
C) Closed adoption
D) Open adoption

Question 52

Lower-income parents are less likely to live in neighborhoods that value

A) athletic ability.
B) beauty.
C) authority.
D) education.

Question 53

The hierarchical parenting model seems to apply particularly to parents.

A) Hispanic
B) Asian American
C) non-Hispanic white
D) African American

Question 54

Today, there are about Americans of mixed race.

A) 1 million
B) 2 million
C) 5 million
D) 9 million

Question 55

The goal of is to provide planned, time-limited, substitute care for children who cannot be adequately cared for at home.

A) open adoption
B) closed adoption
C) foster care
D) formal kinship care

Question 56

Some Muslim children who wear headscarves, called , may be subject to ridicule and discrimination.

A) banai
B) hadith
C) Ramadan
D) hijab

Question 57

The text points out that children today face demands for achievement from schools, church, recreational organizations, peers and, of course, parents. This "scheduled hyperactivity" can produce a " child," who is forced to assume too many challenges and responsibilities too soon.

A) hurried
B) emotionally repressed
C) restricted
D) passive

Question 58

Akili is a grandparent and acts as the primary parent for his two grandchildren. Akili's situation is referred to in the text as a _.

A) postmodern family
B) grandparent family
C) blended family
D) stepfamily

Question 59

parenting combines warm emotional support for children with a demand for significant respect for parents and other authority figures, including older extended family members.

A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Hierarchical
D) Laissez-faire

Question 60

Ethnicity is often associated with .

A) gender
B) social attitudes
C) religious belief
D) negativity

Question 61

Mothers typically engage in more hands-on parenting and take primary responsibility for children.

Question 62

Most single mothers intended to raise their children without a partner.

Question 63

Boys, especially under the age of two, are spanked most often.

Question 64

Children under 18 make up about one-quarter of the homeless.

Question 65

The mean age of children in foster care is about years.

A) 3
B) 5
C) 8
D) 13

Question 66

A person's having children with more than one partner is called .

Question 67

The rate of child poverty in the U.S. now exceeds that of the nation as a whole.

Question 68

Mothers spank less often than fathers.

Question 69

As wards of the court, foster children are financially supported by

A) private enterprise.
B) the state.
C) charitable donations.
D) property taxes.

Question 70

A mother is generally expected to be the child's primary parent, or the one who self-sacrificially assumes the major responsibility for the safety and upbringing of her children.

Question 71

The deportation of parents with children who are American citizens has been termed "multigenerational punishment."

Question 72

Hispanic parents have been described as less authoritarian than white parents.

Question 73

Social fathers (nonbiological fathers in the role of father) seem to improve adolescents' outcomes when compared with living in a single-mother household.

Question 74

Children's needs differ according to age.

Question 75

The traditional image of motherhood disappears when Mom is employed.

Question 76

Parenting is one of many opportunities and experiences, or life chances, that is influenced by socioeconomic status (SES)-one's position in society, measured by educational achievement, occupation, and/or income.

Question 77

Working full-time at minimum wage does not earn a parent enough money to live above the poverty line.

Question 78

Hyperparenting is being an incredibly positive and almost perfect role model for your child.

Question 79

Authoritative parenting combines emotional nurturing and support with parental direction.

Question 80

Studies show that good parenting involves at least four factors. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) having siblings who are experienced with parenting
B) being involved in a child's life and school
C) using supportive, rather than negative, family communication
D) adequate economic resources