Question 1

A nurse is caring for a 34-year-old patient admitted with severe diarrhea that has been going on for 2 weeks.What assessment should the nurse anticipate?&#10;A) Edema of lower legs and feet&#10;B) Hypotension and fatigue&#10;C) Hypertension and hunger&#10;D) Metabolic alkalosis

Accepted Answer

Severe diarrhea can lead to fluid and electrolyte imbalances, which can cause hypotension and fatigue. Edema of lower legs and feet is not a typical assessment finding with severe diarrhea. Hypertension is also unlikely, and hunger is not a relevant assessment finding in this case. Metabolic alkalosis is not typically associated with severe diarrhea.

Question 2

A nurse identifies a risk factor in an older man that places him at risk for developing diverticulosis.What patient information indicates such a risk factor?&#10;A) Eats a low-fiber diet&#10;B) Chronic diarrhea&#10;C) History of using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)&#10;D) Family history of colon cancer

Accepted Answer

Eating a low-fiber diet is a known risk factor for the development of diverticulosis.

Question 3

Which statement by a patient with an ileostomy as a remedy for ulcerative colitis indicates the need for further teaching?&#10;A) &#34;I will avoid milk products.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;I should select food with less dietary fiber.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;I'll miss my martini before dinner.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;I will be glad when the surgeon closes this ileostomy.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The statement "I will be glad when the surgeon closes this ileostomy." indicates a misunderstanding because an ileostomy for ulcerative colitis is typically permanent, not a temporary measure that can be reversed by surgical closure. This shows the patient has incorrect expectations about the nature of their treatment and requires further education.

Question 4

A nurse provides education to a patient after a hemorrhoidectomy.Which statement by the patient demonstrates the need for further instruction?&#10;A) &#34;Sitz baths are ordered to soothe the area.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Imagery may help control pain.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Bleeding should be reported.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Fluids are restricted.&#34;

Accepted Answer

After a hemorrhoidectomy, it is important for the patient to drink plenty of fluids to help prevent constipation and keep the area soft and moist to promote healing. Restrictions on fluids could lead to dehydration and further complications. The other statements are all correct and demonstrate good understanding of the post-operative care for a patient who has had a hemorrhoidectomy.

Question 5

Colonoscopy results indicate the diagnosis of irritable bowel disease (IBD)in a patient admitted to the hospital with diarrhea.What information should the nurse include when preparing patient education regarding diet?

A) Dairy products are encouraged.
B) No added salt is required.
C) Low roughage should be followed.
D) Protein foods are restricted.

Accepted Answer

In patients with IBD, it is recommended to follow a low roughage diet to reduce the frequency of bowel movements and help with the inflammation associated with the disease. Dairy products may exacerbate symptoms in some patients, and no specific restriction is required for protein or salt intake.

Question 6

A nurse notes a diagnosis of pilonidal cyst on a patient's admission assessment.What anatomical location should the nurse expect to assess this cyst?&#10;A) Rectum&#10;B) Sacrococcygeal area&#10;C) Abdomen&#10;D) Anus

Accepted Answer

Pilonidal cysts typically occur in the sacrococcygeal area, which is located at the base of the spine between the buttocks.

Question 7

A nurse is performing an assessment of a patient after an abdominoperineal resection.How many incision sites will be present?&#10;A) Two&#10;B) Three&#10;C) Four&#10;D) Five

Accepted Answer

An abdominoperineal resection typically involves three incision sites: one in the abdomen, one in the perineum, and one for the colostomy.

Question 8

A home health nurse is instructing an older adult patient regarding dietary changes to help prevent constipation.What changes should the nurse indicate when providing this education? (Select all that apply.)

A) Addition of whole-grain cereal
B) Cessation of laxative use
C) Increase in liquid intake
D) Increase in sugar intake
E) Eating fresh vegetables

Accepted Answer

Adding whole-grain cereal, stopping laxative use, increasing liquid intake, and eating fresh vegetables can all help prevent constipation. However, increasing sugar intake can actually make constipation worse.

Question 9

Which instruction given to a patient with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)should lessen discomfort?&#10;A) Eat only whole grains.&#10;B) Take small bites and chew well.&#10;C) Include dietary fiber in at least two meals per day.&#10;D) Drink herbal teas and low-calorie cola drinks.

Accepted Answer

Taking small bites and chewing well can help lessen discomfort for patients with IBS by facilitating easier digestion and reducing the risk of gas and bloating.

Question 10

Which foods should an individual with diverticulosis avoid?&#10;A) Peanuts and raspberries&#10;B) Apples and pears&#10;C) Red meat and dairy products&#10;D) Bran and whole grains

Accepted Answer

Foods like peanuts and raspberries, which contain small, hard particles, were traditionally thought to increase the risk of diverticulitis by becoming trapped in the diverticula. However, recent guidelines suggest that a high-fiber diet, including fruits and whole grains, may actually be beneficial, challenging previous recommendations to avoid such foods.

Question 11

A nurse describes a patient as morbidly obese because the patient has a weight of 387 lb and a height of 2 meters.What is the patient's body mass index (BMI)?&#10;A) 58.4&#10;B) 52.8&#10;C) 43.9&#10;D) 31.6

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse describes a patient as morbidly...

Question 12

A patient reports severe pain after an abdominoperineal resection.What position should the nurse assist this patient into in order to promote comfort?&#10;A) Side-lying&#10;B) Supine&#10;C) Prone&#10;D) Semi-Fowler

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient reports severe pain after an...

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with cancer of the large intestine.What is the most likely initial recommended medical intervention?&#10;A) Repeat colonoscopy&#10;B) Surgery&#10;C) Radiation therapy&#10;D) Chemotherapy

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient is diagnosed with cancer of...

Question 14

A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with diverticulosis and assesses a temperature of 102.4 $\degree$ F and abdominal rigidity.What should the nurse be aware is the most likely cause of these signs and symptoms?

A) Infection
B) Constipation
C) Perforation
D) Obstruction

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is caring for a patient...

Deck 39: Lower Digestive Tract Disorders