Deck 3: Reality and Being

Question 1

Who was also known as the Lokyata?

A) The Buddhists
B) The Hindus
C) The Carvakas
D) The Augustinians

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Hobbes believed that there was more to the Universe than measureable mater.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The Charvaka philosophers were spiritualists.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The view that whatever I perceive is merely one of my perceptions or a collection of them is known as

A) Subjective idealism
B) Objective idealism
C) Subjective materialism
D) Objective materialism

Question 5

The neutrino has no mass, no electric charge, and no magnetic field.

Question 6

Hobbes believed that

A) Only matter is real
B) Only spirit is real
C) The world is composed of both matter and spirit
D) The world cannot be known

Question 7

Sartre endorses

A) Libertarianism
B) Determinism
C) LaPlacianism
D) Psychologism

Question 8

A. J. Ayer believed that there were only two kinds of meaningful statements:

A) Relations of ideas and statements of fact
B) Relations of ideas and tautologies
C) Empirical hypotheses and statements of fact
D) Relations of fact and statements of ideas

Question 9

What philosopher argued that reality can be explained in terms of the smallest pieces of matter he called atoms?

A) Aristotle
B) Plato
C) Saint Augustine
D) Democritus

Question 10

Vasubandhu claimed that we directly perceive the objects in the world around us.

Question 11

Newton believed that all material bodies in the universe were governed by universal laws of nature.

Question 12

St. Augustine found it difficult to believe that spirits were real.

Question 13

Which view is the heir of pragmatism and idealism?

A) Materialism
B) Irrealism
C) Antirealism
D) Immaterialism

Question 14

Hobbes believed that our mental states are states of our brain.

Question 15

Thomas Hobbes endorses

A) Libertarianism
B) Compatibilism
C) Determinism
D) Existentialism

Question 16

Dewey believed that philosophy arose out of people's struggles to deal with social and political problems.

Question 17

Which pragmatist was concerned with the logical implications of ideas?

A) John Dewey
B) C. S. Pierce
C) William James
D) Elmer Sprague

Question 18

For what philosopher(s) does reality contain every possible kind of being, from the "lowest" kind of inert matter to the "highest" kind of spirit?

A) Thomas Hobbes
B) Karl Marx
C) Saint Augustine
D) Charvaka Philosophers of India

Question 19

What philosopher, in his book Man a Machine, argued that humans are nothing more than complex machines?

A) Karl Marx
B) Democritus
C) Julien Offray de La Mettrie
D) Vasubandhu

Question 20

Charles S. Pierce was concerned with the psychological effects of ideas.

Question 21

The philosophical view that a real world exists independently of our language, our thoughts, our perceptions, and our beliefs is called

A) antirealism.
B) realism.
C) pragmatism.
D) postmodernism.

Question 22

The attribution of human thoughts and emotions onto the nonhuman universe is the fallacy of

A) equivocation
B) composition
C) anthropomorphism
D) wishful thinking

Question 23

Objective idealism accounts for the of our experiences.

Question 24

What, according to Plato, is the true lover of knowledge always striving after?

A) Being
B) Forms
C) Souls
D) Love

Question 25

The critical study of the nature of reality is called

A) realism.
B) pragmatism.
C) metaphysics.
D) physics.

Question 26

What French philosopher argues that the scientist's objective time is just a conceptual abstraction, a construct of the mind?

A) Henri Bergson
B) Edmund Husserl
C) Immanual Kant
D) J. J. C. Smart

Question 27

The philosophical view that interprets an idea in terms of its practical consequences and asks what difference it would make if it were true is called

A) materialism.
B) idealism.
C) pragmatism.
D) logical positivism.

Question 28

Who argued that if idealists were correct we would only know our own ideas?

A) Searle
B) Sartre
C) Berkeley
D) Carnap

Question 29

is the view that matter is the ultimate constituent of reality.

Question 30

The view that there are many realities and that realities are constructed by the many languages of the cultures and subcultures is called

A) pragmatism.
B) existentialism.
C) postmodernism.
D) realism.

Question 31

Who believed that the flow of time as we experience it cannot be real?

A) Hilary Putnam
B) Jean Grimshaw
C) Maurice Merleau-Ponty
D) Edmund Husserl

Question 32

Which physicist has argued that there must be parallel universes?

A) Tegmark
B) Carnap
C) Newton
D) Einstein

Question 33

An unusual aspect of consciousness is that it must have an object. This feature of consciousness is called

A) subjectivity.
B) intensionality.
C) spatiality.
D) awareness.

Question 34

is the belief that reality is essentially composed of minds and their ideas.

Question 35

The statement, "All bachelors are unmarried." is a(n)

A) analytical statement.
B) synthetic statement.
C) meaningless statement.
D) empirical statement.

Question 36

The philosophical position that holds that people have control over what they do and are free to choose to act other than the way they do is called

A) determinism.
B) existentialism.
C) libertarianism.
D) phenomenology.

Question 37

What contemporary Canadian philosopher argues that all the things in the universe are thoughts in the mind of God?

A) John Leslie
B) John Rawls
C) Josiah Royce
D) F. H. Bradley

Question 38

Who held that many linguistic utterances have only an expressive function?

A) William James
B) Thomas Hobbes
C) Rudolf Carnap
D) Jacques Derrida

Question 39

idealism contains elements of both objective and subjective idealism.

Question 40

The City of God was written by _.

Question 41

In what way might our language be said to create our world? Drawing on your answer to this question, what practical implications do you think it could have, if any, for social change? If you believe that your answer has no such implications, explain why.

Question 42

Do you think that our consciousness is effective in leading us to act? Do we make decisions, or do our decisions merely flow through us? Are these empirical questions, or metaphysical ones? Explain your answer.

Question 43

is the view that reality is only one kind of thing.

Question 44

Do you believe that pragmatism is a tenable middle ground between materialism and idealism? If not, why not? If so, why do you think this? How do your answers to these questions illustrate your own views on the value and role of metaphysics in understanding the world around you?

Question 45

If everything is comprised of matter, and if all matter is governed by causal laws, it is possible that humans are free in the sense required for moral responsibility? Explain your answer.

Question 46

The philosophical school that contends that is the underlying reality that appears to our consciousness is phenomenology.

Question 47

According to James, pragmatism looks towards things.

Question 48

Imagine that you are placed into a machine that stimulates your brain, making you think that your life is going wonderfully well, while all the time you are simply attached to an "Experience Machine" in a basement. Given that you could not tell that your life was illusory, would you choose to enter this machine, or not? Would it make a difference to you in answering this question if you learned that Berkeley's idealism was correct? Why, or why not?