Question 1

Who was also known as the Lokyata?
A) The Buddhists
B) The Hindus
C) The Carvakas
D) The Augustinians

Accepted Answer

The Carvakas were also known as the Lokyata in Indian philosophy. They were a materialist school of thought that rejected the idea of the soul, afterlife, and the authority of the Vedas.

Question 2

Hobbes believed that there was more to the Universe than measureable mater.

Accepted Answer

Hobbes was a materialist, meaning he believed that everything in the universe, including thoughts and consciousness, could be explained in terms of matter and motion.

Question 3

The Charvaka philosophers were spiritualists.

Accepted Answer

The Charvaka philosophers were not spiritualists but materialists who did not believe in the existence of gods, souls or an afterlife. They believed that the only reality was matter and that pleasure and sensory experience were the only worthwhile goals in life.

Question 4

The view that whatever I perceive is merely one of my perceptions or a collection of them is known as
A) Subjective idealism
B) Objective idealism
C) Subjective materialism
D) Objective materialism

Accepted Answer

The view that whatever one perceives is merely one's perception or a collection of them is known as subjective idealism. This philosophy argues that the external world does not exist independently of our perception of it. Therefore, reality is subjective and cannot be known objectively. Objective idealism argues that reality is a mental construct, but it is not limited to personal perceptions, whereas subjective materialism and objective materialism argue that reality exists independently of our perception of it.

Question 5

The neutrino has no mass, no electric charge, and no magnetic field.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The neutrino has no mass, no electric...

Question 6

Hobbes believed that
A) Only matter is real
B) Only spirit is real
C) The world is composed of both matter and spirit
D) The world cannot be known

Accepted Answer

Hobbes was a materialist, meaning he believed that the only thing that exists is matter and that everything, including thoughts and consciousness, can be explained in terms of matter and physical phenomena.

Question 7

Sartre endorses
A) Libertarianism
B) Determinism
C) LaPlacianism
D) Psychologism

Accepted Answer

Sartre endorses libertarianism, particularly in the context of existentialism, which emphasizes freedom of choice and personal responsibility. He believed that individuals have the freedom to make their own choices and to define their own existence, rejecting deterministic views that human actions are pre-determined by external factors or internal psychological mechanisms.

Question 8

A. J. Ayer believed that there were only two kinds of meaningful statements:
A) Relations of ideas and statements of fact
B) Relations of ideas and tautologies
C) Empirical hypotheses and statements of fact
D) Relations of fact and statements of ideas

Accepted Answer

According to Ayer's Logical Positivism, meaningful statements are either analytic (relations of ideas) or synthetic (statements of fact). Tautologies are considered to be a subcategory of analytic statements. Therefore, A) is the best choice as it captures Ayer's view on the different types of meaningful statements.

Question 9

What philosopher argued that reality can be explained in terms of the smallest pieces of matter he called atoms?
A) Aristotle
B) Plato
C) Saint Augustine
D) Democritus

Accepted Answer

Democritus is known for his atomic theory, which proposed that reality is composed of indivisible particles called atoms. This theory was later supported and expanded upon by scientists such as John Dalton and Albert Einstein.

Question 10

Vasubandhu claimed that we directly perceive the objects in the world around us.

Accepted Answer

Vasubandhu, a Buddhist philosopher, asserted that we do not directly perceive the objects in the world around us. Instead, we only perceive mental impressions or "representations" of those objects. This is known as the Yogacara school of thought in Buddhism.

Question 11

Newton believed that all material bodies in the universe were governed by universal laws of nature.

Accepted Answer

This is one of Newton's fundamental beliefs, which is reflected in his laws of motion and law of universal gravitation.

Question 12

St. Augustine found it difficult to believe that spirits were real.

Accepted Answer

St. Augustine believed in the reality of spirits and demons, as he discusses in his work "The City of God."

Question 13

Which view is the heir of pragmatism and idealism?
A) Materialism
B) Irrealism
C) Antirealism
D) Immaterialism

Accepted Answer

Pragmatism and idealism are both philosophical views that prioritize the practical consequences of beliefs and values. Antirealism similarly challenges the idea that there is a fixed, objective reality independent of human perception and interpretation. Therefore, antirealism can be seen as the heir of pragmatism and idealism. Materialism, on the other hand, emphasizes the importance of matter and physical processes, while immaterialism emphasizes the existence of non-physical entities or ideas. Irrealism denies the existence of objective reality altogether. None of these views align as closely with pragmatism and idealism as antirealism.

Question 14

Hobbes believed that our mental states are states of our brain.

Accepted Answer

Hobbes was a materialist philosopher who believed that all mental states, such as thoughts and emotions, can be reduced to physical states of the brain.

Question 15

Thomas Hobbes endorses
A) Libertarianism
B) Compatibilism
C) Determinism
D) Existentialism

Accepted Answer

The answer of Thomas Hobbes endorses
A) Libertarianism
B) Compatibilism
C) Determinism
D) Existentialism...

Question 16

Dewey believed that philosophy arose out of people's struggles to deal with social and political problems.

Accepted Answer

Dewey's view was that philosophy was not purely abstract, but arose from practical difficulties and challenges faced by individuals and societies. He believed that philosophy should aim to provide solutions to these problems and contribute to the betterment of society.

Question 17

Which pragmatist was concerned with the logical implications of ideas?
A) John Dewey
B) C. S. Pierce
C) William James
D) Elmer Sprague

Accepted Answer

C. S. Pierce was concerned with the logical implications and consequences of ideas, and believed that the meaning of an idea lies in its practical effects. Both John Dewey and William James were pragmatists, but their focus was more on the practical application of ideas and the importance of experimental inquiry. Elmer Sprague is not a well-known pragmatist philosopher.

Question 18

For what philosopher(s) does reality contain every possible kind of being, from the "lowest" kind of inert matter to the "highest" kind of spirit?
A) Thomas Hobbes
B) Karl Marx
C) Saint Augustine
D) Charvaka Philosophers of India

Accepted Answer

The philosopher who believed that reality contains every possible kind of being, from the "lowest" kind of inert matter to the "highest" kind of spirit is Saint Augustine. This is based on his belief in the concept of plenitude, which states that God's creation is complete and contains everything that is possible.

Question 19

What philosopher, in his book Man a Machine, argued that humans are nothing more than complex machines?
A) Karl Marx
B) Democritus
C) Julien Offray de La Mettrie
D) Vasubandhu

Accepted Answer

Julien Offray de La Mettrie argued in his book Man a Machine that humans are nothing more than complex machines, rejecting the idea of a soul or any kind of spiritual essence.

Question 20

Charles S. Pierce was concerned with the psychological effects of ideas.

Accepted Answer

Charles S. Peirce was primarily concerned with the logical and philosophical underpinnings of signs and symbols, their interpretation, and the process of inquiry, rather than the psychological effects of ideas.

Quiz 3: Reality and Being

Who was also known as the Lokyata?

Hobbes believed that there was more to the Universe than measureable mater.

The Charvaka philosophers were spiritualists.

The view that whatever I perceive is merely one of my perceptions or a collection of them is known as

The neutrino has no mass, no electric charge, and no magnetic field.

Hobbes believed that

Sartre endorses

A. J. Ayer believed that there were only two kinds of meaningful statements:

What philosopher argued that reality can be explained in terms of the smallest pieces of matter he called atoms?

Vasubandhu claimed that we directly perceive the objects in the world around us.

Newton believed that all material bodies in the universe were governed by universal laws of nature.

St. Augustine found it difficult to believe that spirits were real.

Which view is the heir of pragmatism and idealism?

Hobbes believed that our mental states are states of our brain.

Thomas Hobbes endorses

Dewey believed that philosophy arose out of people's struggles to deal with social and political problems.

Which pragmatist was concerned with the logical implications of ideas?

For what philosopher(s) does reality contain every possible kind of being, from the "lowest" kind of inert matter to the "highest" kind of spirit?

What philosopher, in his book Man a Machine, argued that humans are nothing more than complex machines?

Charles S. Pierce was concerned with the psychological effects of ideas.