Question 1

The critical realists rejected Locke's epistemology.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 2

Leibniz held that innate ideas were tendencies.

Accepted Answer

According to Leibniz, innate ideas are not fully-formed ideas present in the mind from birth, but rather innate tendencies or capacities to form such ideas through experience and reflection.

Question 3

Locke believed that there was no difference between primary and secondary qualities.

Accepted Answer

Locke believed in a distinction between primary and secondary qualities. Primary qualities were considered to be objective and innate properties of objects, such as size, shape, and motion. Secondary qualities, on the other hand, were subjective and dependent upon individual perception, such as color and taste.

Question 4

Anne Conway was an empiricist.

Accepted Answer

Anne Conway was actually a rationalist philosopher, who believed in the existence of eternal and infinite substances.

Question 5

Berkeley was an empiricist.

Accepted Answer

Berkeley was a philosopher who believed in empiricism, which is the idea that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience.

Question 6

Martin Luther launched the Protestant revolution.

Accepted Answer

Martin Luther is considered the leader and founder of the Protestant Reformation. He criticized the corruption within the Catholic Church and promoted his own ideas about Christianity, leading to a split in the church and the formation of Protestantism.

Question 7

Berkeley was an atheist.

Accepted Answer

George Berkeley was a bishop in the Anglican church and is well-known for his philosophical work that argued for the existence of God as an integral part of his immaterialist philosophy.

Question 8

What, according to Shankara, was real?
A) The self
B) The world
C) Ultimate reality
D) Ultimate knowledge

Accepted Answer

According to Shankara, only Ultimate reality, also known as Brahman, is real. The self and the world are considered illusory or temporary manifestations of Brahman. Ultimate knowledge is the realization of the unity of the self with Brahman.

Question 9

Descartes' methodological point of departure was
A) Empiricism
B) Rationalism
C) Skepticism
D) Theism

Accepted Answer

Descartes' methodological point of departure was skepticism, as he sought to doubt everything he believed to be true in order to arrive at certain knowledge. This process is famously encapsulated in his statement, "I think, therefore I am." He did not start with empiricism or theism, although his method ultimately led him to believe in the existence of God. Rationalism played a role in his philosophy, but it was not his starting point.

Question 10

Personal memory is
A) our ability to remember how to do something that we learned in the past.
B) is our ability to remember all the facts that make up our knowledge of the world.
C) our ability to bring into our present consciousness a representation of events that we directly experienced in the past.
D) our ability to bring into our present consciousness a representation of imaginary beings.

Accepted Answer

Personal memory refers to the ability of an individual to bring into their present consciousness a representation of events that they experienced in the past. This includes autobiographical memories, which are recollections of specific events and personal experiences that are unique to the individual. Personal memory is different from procedural memory (ability to remember how to do something) or semantic memory (ability to remember facts about the world). It also does not involve imaginary beings as suggested in option D.

Question 11

Locke was an empiricist.

Accepted Answer

John Locke was indeed an empiricist, meaning he believed that knowledge is gained through our senses and experiences in the world around us.

Question 12

Who was a Romantic philosopher?
A) Kant
B) Copernicus
C) Hegel
D) Humboldt

Accepted Answer

Humboldt was a Romantic philosopher known for his contributions to the philosophy of language and education, aligning with Romantic ideals.

Question 13

Carried to an extreme Berkeley's thinking can become
A) Rationalism
B) Atheism
C) Solipsism
D) Materialism

Accepted Answer

Berkeley believed that the only reality that exists is that which is perceived by the mind, and therefore denied the existence of material objects that are not being perceived. This philosophy can lead to solipsism, which is the belief that one's own mind is the only thing that can be known to exist.

Question 14

Who did not rely on God to save him from skepticism?
A) Descartes
B) Locke
C) Berkeley
D) Hume

Accepted Answer

Hume did not rely on God to save him from skepticism. In fact, he was critical of traditional religious beliefs and argued that certain knowledge is ultimately impossible to attain.

Question 15

Who claimed that the claim that the world must conform to the mind was a kind of Copernican revolution in knowledge?
A) Hume
B) Locke
C) Descartes
D) Kant

Accepted Answer

The claim that the world must conform to the mind is the central claim of Kant's philosophy and he referred to it as a Copernican revolution in knowledge. Kant's philosophy shifted the focus from the objective world to the subjective mind, arguing that our minds actively construct knowledge of the world around us.

Question 16

Who offered a view now termed transcendental idealism?
A) Kant
B) Berkeley
C) Hume
D) Locke

Accepted Answer

Transcendental idealism is a philosophy introduced by Immanuel Kant, which argues that the nature of reality is shaped by the limitations and structure of the human mind. Kant believed that the mind actively structures and organizes the data it receives from sensory experience, rather than passively reflecting external reality. This view was a response to the skepticism of David Hume, who argued that we can never know anything beyond our own subjective impressions.

Question 17

According to Kant, statements that give us information about the world are
A) Synthetic statements
B) Analytic statements
C) Skeptical statements
D) Agnostic statements

Accepted Answer

According to Kant, synthetic statements give us information about the world by combining or adding concepts to form a new statement. Analytic statements, on the other hand, are true by definition and do not tell us anything new about the world. Skeptical and agnostic statements are not categories that Kant uses to describe types of statements.

Question 18

Descartes believed that all of our knowledge was derived from our senses.

Accepted Answer

Descartes actually believed that our senses could deceive us and therefore our true knowledge came from our innate ideas and reason.

Question 19

Who compared the mind to a blank slate?
A) John Locke
B) Francis Bacon
C) Rene Descartes
D) Thomas Aquinas

Accepted Answer

John Locke's theory of empiricism suggested that the mind is a blank slate or "tabula rasa" at birth, and is gradually shaped by our experiences and interactions with the world around us.

Question 20

Rationalism is the view that
A) All knowledge is acquired through reason
B) No knowledge can be acquired through the senses
C) Reason can arrive at some knowledge
D) Reason can arrive at all knowledge

Accepted Answer

Rationalism holds that reason can lead to some knowledge, but does not necessarily discount the role of senses in acquiring knowledge.

Quiz 5: The Sources of Knowledge

The critical realists rejected Locke's epistemology.

Leibniz held that innate ideas were tendencies.

Locke believed that there was no difference between primary and secondary qualities.

Anne Conway was an empiricist.

Berkeley was an empiricist.

Martin Luther launched the Protestant revolution.

Berkeley was an atheist.

What, according to Shankara, was real?

Descartes' methodological point of departure was

Personal memory is

Locke was an empiricist.

Who was a Romantic philosopher?

Carried to an extreme Berkeley's thinking can become

Who did not rely on God to save him from skepticism?

Who claimed that the claim that the world must conform to the mind was a kind of Copernican revolution in knowledge?

Who offered a view now termed transcendental idealism?

According to Kant, statements that give us information about the world are

Descartes believed that all of our knowledge was derived from our senses.

Who compared the mind to a blank slate?

Rationalism is the view that