Deck 13: Managing Health Care

Question 1

Research reveals that critically ill patients may experience as many as ______ disruptions per night in the hospital.

A) 15
B) 25
C) 40
D) 60

Answer 1

60

Question 2

The textbook suggests that the likelihood of following recommended screening guidelines is positively associated with ______.

A) both education and income
B) education, but not income
C) income, but not education
D) neither education nor income

Answer 2

both education and income

Question 3

Bloch and colleagues (1989) found one-______ of those sampled reported they would consider suicide if they learned they tested positive Huntington's disease.

A) fifth
B) quarter
C) third
D) half

Answer 3

third

Question 4

Kulik and colleagues (1996) found that as compared to other heart surgery patients, heart surgery patients who had a hospital roommate who had already undergone the same type of surgery had ______.

A) shorter stays, but about the same amount of anxiety
B) less anxiety, but hospital stays that weren't any shorter
C) about the same amount of anxiety, and hospital stays that weren't any shorter
D) not only less anxiety, but shorter stays as well

Question 5

With respect to increasing hospitalized patients' feeling of control, providing relaxation training is to increasing ______ control as offering training in distraction techniques is to increasing ______ control.

A) behavioral; emotional
B) behavioral; cognitive
C) emotional; cognitive
D) cognitive; behavioral

Question 6

Which alternative reflects the relative likelihood of a cesarean section among pregnant women with chronic hypertension (H), pregnant women with "white-coat" hypertension only (WCH), and pregnant with no hypertension (NH)?

A) WCH > H > NH
B) H > (WCH = NH)
C) H > WCH > NH
D) (WCH = H) > NH

Question 7

If one were to graph the function relating anxiety regarding a particular health condition and the probability of receiving a screening for the same condition, one would draw ______.

A) a horizontal line
B) a positively sloped diagonal line
C) a negatively sloped diagonal line
D) an inverted U

Question 8

About one-______ of all Americans use some form of complementary or alternative medicine.

A) fifth
B) quarter
C) third
D) half

Question 9

In research cited in the textbook, Ulrich (1984) reviewed the records of patients who had gallbladder surgery during a period of about 10 years and noted whether the patient's hospital room overlooked a group of trees or a brick wall. This is an example of ______ research.

A) experimental
B) survey
C) quasi-experimental
D) archival

Question 10

In general, the amount of information patients receive about what to expect during their hospital stay is ______ correlated with the length of the hospital stay.

A) negatively
B) not
C) perfectly
D) positively

Question 11

Genetic screening is NOT available for ______ cancer.

A) breast
B) colorectal
C) ovarian
D) pancreatic

Question 12

Recall the stages of delay model of seeking medical help. In order, the first and second stages of delay in the model are ______ delay and ______ delay.

A) appraisal; behavioral
B) appraisal; illness
C) behavioral; illness
D) illness; appraisal

Question 13

Callie is 52 and considering a mammogram. All else being equal, this screening procedure is ______.

A) almost certainly useless
B) probably useless
C) probably useful
D) almost certainly useful

Question 14

With respect to models of patient-practitioner interaction, ______ is to doctor-centered as ______ is to patient-centered.

A) activity-passivity; mutual interaction
B) mutual interaction; activity-passivity
C) activity-passivity; guidance-cooperation
D) guidance-cooperation; mutual interaction

Question 15

Men who hold traditional views about masculinity ______.

A) prefer male to female doctors, and conceal more information from their doctors
B) conceal more information from their doctors, but show no preference for male over female doctors
C) prefer male to female doctors, but disclose as much information to their doctors as women do
D) show no preference for male over female doctors, and disclose as much information to their doctors as women do

Question 16

As compared to the ability of physiological measures to predict health, how patients say they feel is ______.

A) much worse
B) somewhat worse
C) equally good
D) better

Question 17

Tyree is 11; his parents have recently divorced. He feels nauseous and throws up most Sunday evenings, when he returns home to his mother after staying with his Dad over the weekend. Tyree may be a ______.

A) somatizer
B) blunter
C) hypochondriac
D) monitor

Question 18

The textbook states, "that by detecting a treatable disease or abnormality in its early stages, screening may enable the individual's life to be prolonged or enhanced." This statement means that screening enables ______ prevention.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) positive
D) tertiary

Question 19

Patients who undergo a 20-min assertiveness training session are better at eliciting information from their doctors. In addition, they report fewer symptoms and take fewer sick days for about ______ month(s) after visiting their physicians.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 6

Question 20

Chandni's state is gripped by a flu epidemic. Chandni is alert to the slightest hint of a scratchy throat, and the faintest suggestion of aching joints. After all, her friend Pippa tested positive for the flu, and is staying home from school and work, drinking hot tea and sleeping most of the day. Which statement is true?

A) Both Chandni and Pippa display illness behavior.
B) Both Chandni and Pippa display sick-role behavior.
C) Chandni exhibits illness behavior, whereas Pippa displays sick-role behavior.
D) Chandni exhibits sick-role behavior, whereas Pippa displays illness behavior.

Question 21

Administrators at a large hospital wish to lower costs by decreasing the mean length of hospital stays by 1 day. The team consults with a health psychologist who suggests a number of relatively inexpensive practices that have been empirically demonstrated to shorten hospital stays. Outline some of the health psychologists' suggestions, noting their effect on hospital stays and citing research evidence where applicable.

Question 22

Genetic testing is now available for over 1,000 disorders.

Question 23

Physicians now spend literally half their time completing "paperwork."

Question 24

The "adherence ceiling" in medical regimens seems to be about ______ pills per day.

A) two
B) three
C) five
D) six

Question 25

Identify and define three of the five stages of delay in the stages of delay model of seeking medical care. Provide a concrete example of each. Finally, identify two influences on the length of delay at one or more of the stages.

Question 26

The anxiety that follows a positive health screening result almost always declines fairly quickly.

Question 27

Acupuncture and massage are the most common forms or complementary and alternative medicine.

Question 28

The ______ day is the median day on which patients prescribed a 10-day course of penicillin stop taking the medicine.

A) third
B) fifth
C) sixth
D) eighth

Question 29

Physicians provide more information than their patients really want.

Question 30

Within a very short period, people tend to forget ______ of the instructions they receive at medical appointments.

A) very little
B) some
C) about half
D) almost all

Question 31

The average length of a hospital stay in the United States is 2-3 days.

Question 32

The rate of nonadherence to medical regimes averages about ______.

A) 15%
B) 30%
C) 40%
D) 55%

Question 33

Sylvia's pharmacy includes a fridge sticker reminding customers to take their medication in the bag along with the pill bottles. Before tossing the sticker along with the receipt and the bag, Sylvia should know that the sticker is likely to increase the likelihood that she will take the medicine as instructed by a factor of ______.

A) 1.25
B) 1.5
C) 2
D) 2.5

Question 34

Evidence against the safety of vaccinations has been discredited.

Question 35

Concerns about the potential cost may lengthen the delay in seeking health care by as much as a factor of 5.