Question 1

Research reveals that critically ill patients may experience as many as ______ disruptions per night in the hospital.

Accepted Answer

Critically ill patients in hospitals can experience up to 60 disruptions per night, which can include medical checks, noise, and other disturbances.

Question 2

The textbook suggests that the likelihood of following recommended screening guidelines is positively associated with ______.

Accepted Answer

The textbook suggests that both education and income are positively associated with the likelihood of following recommended screening guidelines. Higher levels of education and income are often linked to better health literacy and access to healthcare resources, which can increase adherence to screening recommendations.

Question 3

Bloch and colleagues (1989) found one-______ of those sampled reported they would consider suicide if they learned they tested positive Huntington's disease.

Accepted Answer

Bloch and colleagues found that one-third of those sampled reported they would consider suicide if they learned they tested positive Huntington's disease.

Question 4

Kulik and colleagues (1996) found that as compared to other heart surgery patients, heart surgery patients who had a hospital roommate who had already undergone the same type of surgery had ______.

Accepted Answer

Kulik and colleagues (1996) found that heart surgery patients who had a hospital roommate who had already undergone the same type of surgery had not only less anxiety, but also shorter hospital stays.

Question 5

With respect to increasing hospitalized patients' feeling of control, providing relaxation training is to increasing ______ control as offering training in distraction techniques is to increasing ______ control.

Accepted Answer

Relaxation training helps patients manage their physiological responses (behavioral control), while distraction techniques help manage thoughts and attention (cognitive control).

Question 6

Which alternative reflects the relative likelihood of a cesarean section among pregnant women with chronic hypertension (H), pregnant women with "white-coat" hypertension only (WCH), and pregnant with no hypertension (NH)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which alternative reflects the relative likelihood of...

Question 7

If one were to graph the function relating anxiety regarding a particular health condition and the probability of receiving a screening for the same condition, one would draw ______.

Accepted Answer

The relationship between anxiety regarding a health condition and the probability of receiving a screening for it typically follows an inverted U shape. Initially, as anxiety increases, individuals are more likely to seek screening. However, beyond a certain point, very high levels of anxiety might deter individuals from getting screened due to fear of confirmation of the illness.

Question 8

About one-______ of all Americans use some form of complementary or alternative medicine.

Accepted Answer

According to a survey conducted by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, approximately one-third (33.2%) of adults in the United States use complementary or alternative medicine. A fifth is 20%, a quarter is 25%, and half is 50%, which are not accurate percentages based on the survey data.

Question 9

In research cited in the textbook, Ulrich (1984) reviewed the records of patients who had gallbladder surgery during a period of about 10 years and noted whether the patient's hospital room overlooked a group of trees or a brick wall. This is an example of ______ research.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of archival research because Ulrich reviewed the records of past surgeries instead of manipulating variables or collecting data through surveys or observations.

Question 10

In general, the amount of information patients receive about what to expect during their hospital stay is ______ correlated with the length of the hospital stay.

Accepted Answer

A negative correlation means that as one variable increases, the other decreases. In this case, if patients are given more information, they may feel more empowered and prepared, which could lead to a shorter hospital stay.

Question 11

Genetic screening is NOT available for ______ cancer.

Accepted Answer

Genetic screening is not available for detecting pancreatic cancer. While there are some genetic factors that increase the risk factor for pancreatic cancer, this cancer is not typically associated with a specific genetic mutation that can be screened for like breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancer.

Question 12

Recall the stages of delay model of seeking medical help. In order, the first and second stages of delay in the model are ______ delay and ______ delay.

Accepted Answer

The first stage is "appraisal delay," where an individual evaluates symptoms and decides if they are serious. The second stage is "illness delay," where the individual recognizes they are ill but delays seeking medical attention.

Question 13

Callie is 52 and considering a mammogram. All else being equal, this screening procedure is ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Callie is 52 and considering a mammogram....

Question 14

With respect to models of patient-practitioner interaction, ______ is to doctor-centered as ______ is to patient-centered.

Accepted Answer

In doctor-centered models, the doctor is active and the patient is passive. In patient-centered models, the patient is active and the doctor is passive. Therefore, activity-passivity is to doctor-centered as mutual interaction is to patient-centered.

Question 15

Men who hold traditional views about masculinity ______.

Accepted Answer

Men who hold traditional views about masculinity tend to prefer male doctors over female doctors and are also more likely to conceal information from their doctors. This behavior is influenced by traditional masculine norms that value stoicism and self-reliance, leading to a reluctance to appear vulnerable or to openly discuss health concerns, especially with female doctors.

Question 16

As compared to the ability of physiological measures to predict health, how patients say they feel is ______.

Accepted Answer

Self-reported health status has been shown to be a strong predictor of mortality and morbidity, sometimes even more so than physiological measures.

Question 17

Tyree is 11; his parents have recently divorced. He feels nauseous and throws up most Sunday evenings, when he returns home to his mother after staying with his Dad over the weekend. Tyree may be a ______.

Accepted Answer

Tyree seems to be experiencing physical symptoms (nausea and vomiting) in response to stress (returning home after visiting his father). This is consistent with somatization, which refers to the tendency to express psychological distress through physical symptoms. Blunters try to distract themselves from stress, hypochondriacs worry excessively about physical health, and monitors carefully monitor their physical sensations without necessarily experiencing distress.

Question 18

The textbook states, "that by detecting a treatable disease or abnormality in its early stages, screening may enable the individual's life to be prolonged or enhanced." This statement means that screening enables ______ prevention.

Accepted Answer

Screening allows for the early detection of a disease or abnormality, which falls under secondary prevention. Primary prevention refers to preventing the disease from occurring in the first place, positive prevention is not a recognized term, and tertiary prevention involves management and treatment of an existing disease or condition to prevent complications and recurrence.

Question 19

Patients who undergo a 20-min assertiveness training session are better at eliciting information from their doctors. In addition, they report fewer symptoms and take fewer sick days for about ______ month(s) after visiting their physicians.

Accepted Answer

The passage states that patients who undergo a 20-min assertiveness training session report fewer symptoms and take fewer sick days for about 1 month after visiting their physicians.

Question 20

Chandni's state is gripped by a flu epidemic. Chandni is alert to the slightest hint of a scratchy throat, and the faintest suggestion of aching joints. After all, her friend Pippa tested positive for the flu, and is staying home from school and work, drinking hot tea and sleeping most of the day. Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

Chandni is exhibiting illness behavior by being hyper-aware of any symptoms, while Pippa is exhibiting sick-role behavior by staying home, resting, and taking care of herself.

Quiz 13: Managing Health Care