Question 1

What, if anything, is the difference between euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide?

Accepted Answer

In euthanasia, a healthcare professional directly administers a lethal substance to end a patient's life, whereas in physician-assisted suicide, the patient self-administers the lethal substance, often provided by a healthcare professional under legal regulations.

Question 2

Morris has just been diagnosed with advanced pancreatic cancer. He refuses to believe the diagnosis and has seen several doctors who have confirmed it. Morris continues to insist that his diagnosis is impossible. Morris is in Kübler-Ross's stage of dying called ______.

Accepted Answer

Morris is exhibiting denial, which is the first phase in Kübler-Ross's model of the stages of grief and dying. In this stage, individuals often struggle to accept and come to terms with their diagnosis or impending death. They may refuse to acknowledge the seriousness of their condition or may believe that there has been a mistake or misdiagnosis. It is important to note that denial can be a normal coping mechanism and may eventually give way to other stages, such as anger or depression.

Question 3

Lamont and Christakis (2001) found that almost ______ of physicians caring for cancer patients said that they gave no estimate of survival time. Of those that did, ______ said their estimates were more optimistic than realistic.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

"______" is the first of the ______ stages of mourning outlined in the textbook.

Accepted Answer

The answer of "______" is the first of the ______...

Question 5

In order, the FIRST two stages of Kübler-Ross's stage theory of dying are ______.

Accepted Answer

The first two stages of Kübler-Ross's stage theory of dying are denial, followed by anger.

Question 6

Alma and Vera are sisters in late middle age. They wish to exert some control over the end-of-life care they will receive. Alma creates a directive giving instructions to family members, friends, and medical personnel. Vera appoints her eldest daughter to make decisions for her when the time comes. Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

Alma is using a living will, which is a legal document in which a person specifies what actions should be taken for their health if they are no longer able to make decisions for themselves. Vera is appointing her eldest daughter as her health care proxy, which means that she is designating someone to make decisions on her behalf if she is unable to do so herself.

Question 7

With respect to Corr's model for coping with dying, managing pain is to considering the meaning of one's life as _____ task is to ______ task.

Accepted Answer

Corr's model for coping with dying includes four primary tasks: physical, psychological, social, and spiritual. Managing pain falls under the physical task, while considering the meaning of one's life aligns with the spiritual task.

Question 8

After the reality of a loved one's passing sets in, a mourning individual enters a period of ______.

Accepted Answer

The period of mourning after a loved one's passing often involves disorganization and reorganization as the individual comes to terms with the loss and adjusts to a new reality without the presence of their loved one. While yearning and searching may also be experienced, it is not specific to the period of mourning and can occur at any time in the grieving process. Action and reaction and dissolution and disintegration do not accurately describe the experience of mourning after a loved one's passing.

Question 9

The medical approach to managing terminal illness is to the biomedical model of health and illness as the ______ approach is to the biopsychosocial model.

Accepted Answer

The biomedical model of health and illness focuses on the physical aspects of illness and views it as a deviation from the norm, treating it with medical interventions. Similarly, hospice and palliative care focus on managing physical symptoms and providing comfort measures. The biopsychosocial model, on the other hand, recognizes the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in the development and management of illness. The holistic approach also emphasizes the interconnection of physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual aspects of health and wellness. Therefore, the best answer is D, holistic.

Question 10

Hospice care ______.

Accepted Answer

Hospice care allows patients to personalize their surroundings to make their stay more comfortable and familiar. Hospice care focuses on providing comfort and support rather than aggressive treatment or recovery. Hospice care typically involves discussions about death and dying, as it is a natural part of the hospice philosophy.

Question 11

John's partner, Mark, died. Mark's family never accepted John and Mark's relationship and have refused to allow John to participate in the funeral ceremony or to attend the wake. John is likely to experience ______ grief.

Accepted Answer

Disenfranchised grief occurs when an individual experiences bereavement but is not allowed to openly mourn or participate in mourning rituals due to societal or cultural norms, stigmatization, or lack of recognition of the relationship. In this case, John is not allowed to participate in the funeral or wake due to Mark's family's refusal to recognize their relationship, resulting in disenfranchised grief. Lingering-trajectory grief refers to grief that persists over an extended period, while quick-trajectory grief is brief and intense. Complicated grief involves prolonged and intense mourning that impairs functioning and may require professional intervention.

Question 12

With respect to the experience of great loss, behavior is to feelings as ______ is to ______.

Accepted Answer

Mourning is the external expression or behavior associated with loss, while grief is the internal experience or feelings.

Question 13

______ Americans believe people with a terminal illness should have the right to physician-assisted suicide.

Accepted Answer

Most Americans believe people with a terminal illness should have the right to physician-assisted suicide. According to a Gallup poll conducted in 2019, 72% of Americans support the right to die for those with a terminal illness.

Question 14

Which statement is NOT a valid argument against assisted suicide?

Accepted Answer

The opinions of the majority do not necessarily determine the ethical or moral acceptability of a practice. It is important to consider the individual's autonomy, dignity, suffering, and quality of life when addressing the issue of assisted suicide.

Question 15

Advance directives can help patients receive the type of treatment they prefer. For example, fully ______ of patients who requested only comfort care in their advance care directive receive it.

Accepted Answer

According to a study published in the American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, 97% of patients who requested only comfort care in their advance care directive receive it.

Question 16

Harriet is in hospice care at her home. Visits from a hospice nurse are the only professional care that she receives. The nurse adjusts Harriet's morphine drip and makes sure that she is comfortable and free of pain. Harriet is receiving ______ care.

Accepted Answer

Harriet is receiving care that focuses on relieving her pain and symptoms, rather than attempting to cure her illness. This is the definition of palliative care. The other choices do not accurately describe the type of care Harriet is receiving.

Question 17

Myra Bluebond-Langner (1977) described five stages that terminally ill children pass through. Her model is based on the results of ______ research.

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation is a research method that involves observing people in their natural settings, without interfering with their behavior. Myra Bluebond-Langner's model of the five stages that terminally ill children pass through is based on the results of naturalistic observation research.

Question 18

With respect to early models of coping with death, the phenomenon of post-traumatic growth ______ the models.

Accepted Answer

Post-traumatic growth is a concept that emerged more recently and focuses on positive psychological change experienced as a result of the struggle with highly challenging life circumstances, which was not a central theme in early models of coping with death. These early models, such as the Kübler-Ross model, primarily focused on stages of grief rather than the potential for personal growth following trauma.

Question 19

Diane's mother committed suicide 2 months ago. Diane and her mother had a difficult relationship and Diane feels robbed of the chance to make peace with her mother. Diane is unhappy about her mother's wish to be cremated and is struggling with the notion of spreading her ashes in the location her mother wished. Diane's sister insists that there be no more delays in spreading the ashes. Diane is experiencing ______ grief.

Accepted Answer

Diane is experiencing complicated grief, which involves intense and prolonged mourning that disrupts daily life. Her unresolved issues with her mother and the conflict over the cremation and ashes contribute to this type of grief.

Question 20

Which choice correctly identifies an early model of death and dying as a stage or a nonstage theory?

Accepted Answer

Corr's model is a nonstage theory, focusing on tasks of dying rather than stages.

Quiz 12: Terminal Illness and Bereavement