Question 1

A team of faculty and counselors at a large high school introduces a program of interventions across the curriculum aimed at encouraging such feelings as joy, happiness, hopefulness, and pride among the adolescent student body. The program appears strongly influenced by a new field called ______ psychology.
A) positive
B) affirmative
C) personality
D) preventive

Accepted Answer

The program is aimed at encouraging positive emotions among the student body, which is aligned with the goals of positive psychology. Positive psychology is a relatively new field that focuses on promoting well-being and optimal functioning, rather than just treating mental illness.

Question 2

Hostility and optimism have ______ effects on health.
A) no
B) identical
C) similar
D) opposite

Accepted Answer

Hostility involves negative emotions such as anger and aggression, which increase stress and have a negative impact on health. Optimism, on the other hand, involves positive emotions and a belief in one's ability to cope with stress, leading to better health outcomes. Therefore, hostility and optimism have opposite effects on health.

Question 3

Interactions between health care professionals and their clients may be influenced by ethnicity. This statement BEST reflects the ______ component of the ______ model of health.
A) biological; biomedical
B) medical; biomedical
C) psychological; biopsychosocial
D) social; biopsychosocial

Accepted Answer

The statement acknowledges that social factors, specifically ethnicity, can influence interactions between health care professionals and their clients. This aligns with the social component of the biopsychosocial model of health, which recognizes the importance of cultural and societal factors in health and healthcare. The other options (A, B, and C) do not directly address the role of social factors or ethnicity in health interactions.

Question 4

Roughly speaking, the field of health psychology is BEST described as developing during the ______.
A) 1960s
B) early 1970s
C) mid- to late 1970s
D) mid-1980s

Accepted Answer

Although there is some debate about the exact origins of health psychology, it is generally agreed that the field began to develop in the mid- to late 1970s, with the publication of key texts and the establishment of organizations such as the Society of Behavioral Medicine.

Question 5

______ prevention is illustrated by actions such as taking medicine to reduce the development of symptoms of AIDS once infected with HIV; engaging in regular physical therapy to recover from an injury; and following diet recommendations following a heart attack.
A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Behavioral

Accepted Answer

Tertiary prevention refers to actions taken to prevent further deterioration or recurrence of an illness or injury. This includes medical treatment and rehabilitation to manage symptoms and prevent complications. The examples given of taking medication to manage HIV/AIDS symptoms and following a recommended diet after a heart attack are both examples of tertiary prevention.

Question 6

Which historical view is MOST consistent with the idea that both the mind and the body influence health?
A) Hippocrates' view that health depends on an equilibrium.
B) Descartes' view that disease results from the breakdown of the body's machine.
C) Newton's demonstration of gravitational pull.
D) Pasteur's work in the role of microorganisms in causing disease.

Accepted Answer

Hippocrates, often referred to as the father of Western medicine, believed that health was achieved by maintaining a balance of bodily fluids and that both physical and mental factors contributed to health. This view is consistent with the idea that both the mind and the body can influence health. Descartes' view focuses solely on the mechanical aspects of the body, Newton's work deals with physics, and Pasteur's work focuses on the role of microorganisms in disease.

Question 7

A particular state implemented a comprehensive smoking cessation program with the money it received in a settlement with large tobacco companies. With respect to such chronic conditions as lung cancer and emphysema, the program is an example of ______ prevention.
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) social

Accepted Answer

Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it ever occurs. This is done by preventing exposures to hazards that cause disease or injury, altering unhealthy or unsafe behaviors that can lead to disease or injury, and increasing resistance to disease or injury should exposure occur. A smoking cessation program is an example of primary prevention because it seeks to prevent the onset of diseases related to smoking by eliminating the behavior of smoking itself.

Question 8

Which statement is NOT a valid explanation for the rising cost of health care?
A) Life expectancy has increased.
B) More medical procedures are available to treat illness and disease.
C) Families are getting larger.
D) Technological advances, such as ultrasound, genetic screening, and chemotherapy, are very expensive.

Accepted Answer

The size of families does not directly affect the rising cost of health care.

Question 9

According to the textbook, "principles in health psychology can . . . be used to persuade people to seek medical care . . . to detect health problems at an early stage, when there are more treatment options available and these options are less expensive." Health psychology, therefore, can encourage ______ prevention.
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) behavioral

Accepted Answer

Health psychology can encourage secondary prevention, which involves detecting health problems at an early stage when treatment options are more available and less expensive, rather than waiting until a problem has progressed to a more serious stage. Primary prevention aims to prevent health problems from developing in the first place, and tertiary prevention is focused on managing and treating established health conditions. "Behavioral prevention" is not a commonly used term in health psychology.

Question 10

The textbook notes that nearly two-thirds of the deaths of those under 80 in the United States reflect the top 5 causes of death. Of these deaths, about one in ______ could be prevented by changes in people's behavior.
A) five
B) four
C) three
D) two

Accepted Answer

According to the information given, nearly 2/3 of deaths under 80 in the US are due to the top 5 causes of death. Therefore, about 1/3 of deaths could be prevented by changes in people's behavior. 1/3 is equal to one in three, which is represented by choice letter C.

Question 11

The oldest of these health-related fields is ______.
A) health psychology
B) psychosomatic medicine
C) behavioral medicine
D) behavioral health

Accepted Answer

Psychosomatic medicine has been studied for over a century, making it the oldest health-related field among the options provided. This field explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical health. Health psychology and behavioral medicine emerged in the 1970s, while behavioral health is a more recent term used to describe the integration of various behavioral and mental health services.

Question 12

Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between behavioral medicine and behavioral health?
A) Behavioral health is a subfield of behavioral medicine.
B) Behavioral medicine and behavioral health are different names for the same fields.
C) Behavioral medicine and behavioral health are different branches of psychosomatic medicine.
D) Behavioral medicine is a subfield of behavioral health.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral health is a broader field that includes various areas such as substance abuse, mental health, and stress management. On the other hand, behavioral medicine focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of physical health conditions associated with behavioral and psychological factors. Therefore, behavioral health is a more comprehensive field that encompasses behavioral medicine as a subfield.

Question 13

The mind and body are seen as inherently connected in ______.
A) the biomedical model of health, but not the biopsychosocial model
B) the biopsychosocial model of health, but not the biomedical model
C) neither the biomedical nor the biopsychosocial model of health
D) both the biomedical and the biopsychosocial models of health

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial model of health views the mind and body as inherently connected, recognizing the influence of psychological and social factors on physical health. In contrast, the biomedical model of health focuses solely on biological factors and sees the mind and body as separate entities.

Question 14

A woman's anxiety or fear regarding childbirth is ______ correlated with the length of labor.
A) inversely
B) not
C) positively
D) perfectly

Accepted Answer

A woman's anxiety or fear regarding childbirth is positively correlated with the length of labor, meaning that higher levels of anxiety or fear can lead to longer labor durations.

Question 15

In the view of the textbook's author, the biomedical model of health is BEST described as ______.
A) not useful
B) incomplete
C) too subjective
D) overly broad

Accepted Answer

The author of the textbook argues that the biomedical model of health is incomplete because it only focuses on biological factors and does not fully consider social, environmental, and psychological influences on health.

Question 16

Minimizing the damage caused by a disease is to detecting a disease at an early stage as ______ prevention is to ______ prevention.
A) tertiary; secondary
B) primary; secondary
C) tertiary; primary
D) secondary; tertiary

Accepted Answer

The answer of Minimizing the damage caused by a disease...

Question 17

Lupe examines how social support may buffer the negative effects of stigma on the well-being of HIV+ gay men of color. Lupe is MOST likely a ______ psychologist.
A) medical
B) clinical
C) health
D) social

Accepted Answer

Lupe is focused on the well-being of HIV+ gay men of color and how social support can improve their health outcomes. This aligns with the domain of health psychology, which examines how psychological factors impact physical health and vice versa. Medical psychology may focus more on treating the physical symptoms of illnesses, while clinical psychology deals with assessment and treatment of psychological disorders. Social psychology, on the other hand, examines how social factors influence behavior and attitudes.

Question 18

A team of campus counselors creates a campaign called "More Sleep, More Hugs" to promote student wellness. Is the campaign's title a good one, based on information provided in the text?
A) No. Hugs spread germs.
B) No. Sleep leads to lethargy and depression.
C) Meh. Sleep and hugs can't hurt, but they don't really do much for health, either.
D) Yes. Sleep and social support are both positively associated with health.

Accepted Answer

The campaign's title "More Sleep, More Hugs" is a good one because both sleep and social support (such as hugs) are positively associated with health, according to the information provided in the text.

Question 19

The field of ______ examines how social relationships influence illness, cultural and societal reactions to illness, and the organization of health care services.
A) medical psychology
B) behavioral medicine
C) medical sociology
D) medical anthropology

Accepted Answer

Medical sociology is the study of how social factors impact health and illness, including social relationships and cultural/societal attitudes towards health and healthcare. Medical psychology also examines the psychological factors involved in illness, but does not typically focus on social relationships in the same way. Behavioral medicine is a broader field that includes both medical psychology and medical sociology, but also encompasses research on health behaviors and interventions. Medical anthropology also examines the cultural and social dimensions of health and healthcare, but typically focuses on non-Western societies and traditional healing systems.

Question 20

Of the leading causes of death in the United States, the MOST expensive is ______.
A) Alzheimer's disease
B) kidney disease
C) cancer
D) diabetes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of the leading causes of death in...

Quiz 1: Introduction

Hostility and optimism have ______ effects on health.

Interactions between health care professionals and their clients may be influenced by ethnicity. This statement BEST reflects the component of the model of health.

Roughly speaking, the field of health psychology is BEST described as developing during the ______.

______ prevention is illustrated by actions such as taking medicine to reduce the development of symptoms of AIDS once infected with HIV; engaging in regular physical therapy to recover from an injury; and following diet recommendations following a heart attack.

Which historical view is MOST consistent with the idea that both the mind and the body influence health?

A particular state implemented a comprehensive smoking cessation program with the money it received in a settlement with large tobacco companies. With respect to such chronic conditions as lung cancer and emphysema, the program is an example of ______ prevention.

Which statement is NOT a valid explanation for the rising cost of health care?

The textbook notes that nearly two-thirds of the deaths of those under 80 in the United States reflect the top 5 causes of death. Of these deaths, about one in ______ could be prevented by changes in people's behavior.

The oldest of these health-related fields is ______.

Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between behavioral medicine and behavioral health?

The mind and body are seen as inherently connected in ______.

A woman's anxiety or fear regarding childbirth is ______ correlated with the length of labor.

In the view of the textbook's author, the biomedical model of health is BEST described as ______.

Minimizing the damage caused by a disease is to detecting a disease at an early stage as prevention is to prevention.

Lupe examines how social support may buffer the negative effects of stigma on the well-being of HIV+ gay men of color. Lupe is MOST likely a ______ psychologist.

A team of campus counselors creates a campaign called "More Sleep, More Hugs" to promote student wellness. Is the campaign's title a good one, based on information provided in the text?

The field of ______ examines how social relationships influence illness, cultural and societal reactions to illness, and the organization of health care services.

Of the leading causes of death in the United States, the MOST expensive is ______.