Deck 7: Community, culture, and the Media

Question 1

Ezra has been brought up to see assertiveness and self-expression as important personal values.This suggests that Ezra lives in a(n)_____ culture.

A)collectivistic
B)traditional
C)individualistic
D)postfigurative

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A study of Canadian and Chinese adolescents finds that,unlike the Chinese teens,the Canadians say that falsely denying you did a good deed is a bad thing.This suggests that attitudes about lying are

A)universal.
B)rigid.
C)flexible within cultures.
D)culture-specific.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

When teachers,doctors,and other significant people in the life of a community live outside the community,

A)it places serious strains on social bonds.
B)they are more effective because they can get away from their work on their time off.
C)their social distance has no impact on people's confidence in them.
D)their workday activities give them just as much knowledge of the community as if they lived there full time.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

When people believe they are members of a group with a common purpose,it creates a

A)sense of community.
B)sense of alienation.
C)social division.
D)dislike of those not in the group.

Question 5

Mark's parents offer to host Ahmed,a visiting student from North Africa.Mark is sure that Ahmed is kidding him when he says he has no interest in dating.Mark's disbelief is an example of

A)moral ambiguity.
B)ethnocentrism.
C)social perspective taking.
D)normative social influence.

Question 6

Millions of young people in Canada take part in community-based

A)arts and crafts clubs.
B)political organizations.
C)weight loss programs.
D)sports.

Question 7

The view that cultures are unified systems with shared values and beliefs

A)is true of collectivistic cultures but not individualistic cultures.
B)overlooks the role of conflict and opposition within cultures.
C)is strongly supported by scientific surveys.
D)is more true of Western than of East Asian societies.

Question 8

Dating during adolescence is

A)a natural response to biological changes.
B)a universal mechanism for promoting mate choice.
C)a cultural custom in North America and some other places.
D)a practice that goes back to the Middle Ages and earlier.

Question 9

In Bronfenbrenner's terms,those systems that affect an adolescent directly,such as families and friends,make up the

A)macrosystem.
B)microsystem.
C)exosystem.
D)endosystem.

Question 10

Joy,whose parents moved to Canada from China,is shy,soft-spoken,and reticent.It is likely that her parents

A)encourage her to become more assertive.
B)worry that her shyness will cause her to be rejected by other teens of Chinese origin.
C)consider her to be very well behaved.
D)hope her teachers will urge her to speak up more in class.

Question 11

For Bronfenbrenner,the exosystem is represented by

A)families and peers.
B)travel to foreign countries.
C)the local community.
D)cultural forces and beliefs.

Question 12

Adolescents who are active in local community organizations

A)regard the organization mainly as a means to achieve their personal goals.
B)become leaders by developing a strong "me" orientation.
C)learn to recognize different viewpoints and to be willing to compromise.
D)All of the above.

Question 13

Lee,a second-generation Chinese-Canadian,is running for office in an after-school organization.The day before the election,his father tells him he must run an errand for his grandmother the next afternoon.Lee complies,knowing he may lose the election as a result of not showing up.His action reflects a (n)_____ orientation.

A)individualistic
B)independent
C)collectivistic
D)cross-cultural

Question 14

Alexi has been brought up to believe that if his personal goals clash with the goals of his family or community,he should act in the interests of the group.It is likely that Alexi lives in a(n)_____ culture.

A)collectivistic
B)multiethnic
C)postmodern
D)individualistic

Question 15

Instruction by parents and other adults,traditional stories,and religious sagas are among the ways children come to adopt the psychological aspects of their group,in a process known as

A)indoctrination.
B)group-think.
C)enculturation.
D)assimilation.

Question 16

In Professor Bilgrim's research project,teens from India,Turkey,and Canada are observed in a normative social influence situation.The data from the three groups are then compared.This is best described as a(n)_____ study.

A)multiethnic
B)cross-cultural
C)ethnological
D)observational

Question 17

While Western countries generally have _____ cultures,many have ethnic minorities with more _____ cultural orientations.

A)cofigurative;prefigurative
B)collectivistic;individualistic
C)paternalistic;egalitarian
D)individualistic;collectivistic

Question 18

Guadeloupe,14,notices that friends with different cultural backgrounds have different attitudes on many issues.She concludes that there are many ways to approach these issues and that she should choose those that best fit her own view of the world.This is an example of a(n)_____ process of enculturation.

A)traditionalist
B)constructivist
C)collectivistic
D)socializing

Question 19

A system of norms,beliefs,and values that is shared by a group and passed along across generations is a

A)social standard.
B)exosystem.
C)culture.
D)nation-state.

Question 20

Cultural beliefs about how children should be raised and what the role of adolescents is in society are important elements of what Bronfenbrenner terms the

A)microsystem.
B)macrosystem.
C)exosystem.
D)endosystem.

Question 21

When child poverty is compared among developed nations,Canada's rate is ______than many of them.

A)higher
B)lower
C)about the same
D)None of the above;poverty means different things in different countries.

Question 22

The proportion of children in Canada who are members of ethnic minorities

A)has grown steadily in recent decades.
B)is greater than the proportion among adults.
C)is largely the result of immigration.
D)All of the above.

Question 23

Socioeconomic status is linked to media exposure,at least for younger adolescents.Compared with those from ________-income and more-educated families,Canadian teens with _______-income backgrounds spend more time on television and video games,but not on computer use.

A)higher,lower
B)lower,higher
C)middle,lower
D)None of the above

Question 24

When Patrick is asked what his background is,he says,Irish-Canadian,but his brother,Daniel,simply says,Canadian.They apparently differ in the strength of their

A)cultural heritage.
B)family identification.
C)ethnocultural identity.
D)national origin.

Question 25

By 2017,Canada's racialized minorities are predicted to rise to ______% of the Canadian population.

A)5
B)15
C)20
D)25

Question 26

The effects of growing up in poverty are linked to

A)a lack of community resources such as libraries,parks,and community centers.
B)less unsupervised time with peers.
C)attending magnet schools with more skilled and experienced teachers.
D)All of the above.

Question 27

Adolescents from a minority ethnic background may experience some conflict in the need for autonomy and family closeness.However,it is possible to integrate these two needs in what Kagitcibasi (2003)calls the

A)integrated self.
B)autonomous/related self.
C)self-directed.
D)marginalized.

Question 28

Franco's parents came to Canada from Central America before he was born.He insists that he is "100% Canadian" and even refuses to speak Spanish.John Berry would see Franco as an example of

A)separation.
B)assimilation.
C)reaction formation.
D)integration.

Question 29

Adolescents from a minority ethnic background who adapt and merge attitudes and customs from their ethnic culture and the majority culture are said to be

A)bicultural.
B)accommodating.
C)assimilated.
D)marginalized.

Question 30

Compared to their parents,adolescents in immigrant families

A)become acculturated more quickly.
B)place less stress on the importance of family obligations.
C)hold more individualistic values and beliefs.
D)All of the above.

Question 31

Adolescents in developed countries spend the largest part of their free time

A)doing household chores.
B)studying.
C)at paid jobs.
D)engaged with mass media.

Question 32

Social class or SES has an important impact on

A)access to resources.
B)an awareness of how social institutions function.
C)an ability to affect social institutions.
D)All of the above.

Question 33

In Canada,over _____% of children and adolescents under 16 live in poverty.

A)3
B)13
C)23
D)33

Question 34

Family income,social prestige,and access to social resources are major indications of

A)culture.
B)social class.
C)educational achievement.
D)ethnicity.

Question 35

In ethnically and culturally diverse Canada,the 2006 Census reported over _______ mother-tongue languages.

A)75
B)100
C)150
D)200

Question 36

Jomo,an African-Canadian,identifies both with his ethnic group and with the majority culture.He would best be described as

A)assimilated.
B)bicultural.
C)confused.
D)marginalizes.

Question 37

Chandra was born in India but now lives in Toronto.She wears traditional Indian dress to school,does not socialize with non-Indian students,celebrates Hindu holidays,and has told her parents she wants them to arrange her marriage in traditional style.John Berry would say that she represents an example of

A)marginalization.
B)assimilation.
C)separation.
D)integration.

Question 38

In Canada,being a new immigrant or Aboriginal person _____ socio-economic status.

A)has no relationship to
B)is associated with higher
C)is associated with lower
D)leads individuals to strive for and achieve a higher

Question 39

A key element to overcoming the hazards of growing up poor is

A)leaving home at an early age to escape the negative environment.
B)recognizing and resigning to the powerlessness that comes with being poor.
C)getting social support from parents,mentors,and friends.
D)refusing to admit the harmful aspects of one's %neighbourhood.

Question 40

According to the _____ approach,adolescents make media choices in line with such factors as diversion,social utility,personal identity,and high sensation.

A)functional
B)uses and gratifications
C)behavioural
D)constructionist

Question 41

In ________ 15% of teens were found to have sent nude or semi-nude pictures of themselves over the Internet.

A)Quebec
B)PEI
C)New Brunswick
D)Ontario

Question 42

What is desensitization? How is it used to explain the effects of media exposure? What evidence can you cite that supports or casts doubt on this explanation?

Question 43

Discuss how and why Canadian adolescents use media.How does media use change across adolescence? What concepts can help us understand the effects of media?

Question 44

The violence depicted in _____ is generally more graphic and extreme than in _____.

A)TV shows;graphic novels
B)video games;TV shows
C)young adult novels;R rated movies
D)TV shows;unrated DVDs

Question 45

Sylvana just spent half an hour playing a violent video game,while her friend,Tatiana,flipped through a teen magazine.When they turn on the TV,they see a news clip of rioters attacking women and children with machetes and clubs.Based on research,it is likely that

A)Sylvana is less affected by the real-life violence than Tatiana.
B)Sylvana and Tatiana are equally alarmed and disturbed by the violence.
C)Sylvana is more affected by the real-life violence than Tatiana.
D)Neither Sylvana nor Tatiana is disturbed by the news clip.

Question 46

What are the different ways adolescents who belong to minority ethnic groups relate to the majority culture? What are the advantages and disadvantages of these adaptations?

Question 47

What are the important distinctions between individualistic and collectivistic cultures? How useful do you find these concepts and why?

Question 48

Is a sense of community important for adolescents? Explain and justify your answer.What factors or institutions help build a sense of community,and what works against it?

Question 49

According to the cultivation theory of media effects,

A)the selective assumptions that are constantly presented in the media encourage a shared set of ideas about the world.
B)the media are a source of ways to interpret situations and make social judgments.
C)those who are better educated and more familiar with art and literature are less likely to be influenced by mass media.
D)people are influenced by what they see models do in the media and by the consequences that are portrayed.

Question 50

Women who are presented in the media as physically attractive

A)accurately represent normal healthy adults.
B)give most adolescent girls a positive sense of self worth.
C)are taller and thinner than a healthy average woman.
D)have little impact on teen concepts of attractiveness.

Question 51

Research indicates that children's exposure to media violence

A)leads to greater aggressiveness in some children.
B)leads to an increased acceptance of aggression.
C)leads to a distorted view of how common aggression is.
D)All of the above.

Question 52

Adolescents who watch more TV shows that portray sexual relationships

A)are better educated about the risks of sexually transmitted diseases.
B)are more likely to endorse sexual abstinence.
C)are more likely to believe that sexual promiscuity is the norm.
D)are more likely to reject double standards and sexual stereotypes.

Question 53

An important difference between television and video games is that

A)practically all Canadian teens have access to a TV but only a small minority have access to a video game system.
B)girls watch more TV than boys,but boys play more video games.
C)unlike watching TV,in video games the player is the character who carries out various actions and gets points for doing so.
D)graphic violence is more common on TV than in video games.

Question 54

About half the crimes shown in TV crime dramas are murders,while FBI statistics indicate that murders represent _____ actual crimes.

A)1 in 4
B)1 in 10
C)1 in 50
D)1 in 500 (2 in 1000)

Question 55

Sexual relationships on television generally

A)are between young unmarried people.
B)are part of an ongoing,committed emotional relationship.
C)make clear the risks of promiscuous behaviour.
D)avoid sexual stereotypes and double standards.