Deck 2: First Decisions: From Inspiration to Implementation

Question 1

Tenacity refers to the knowledge that, correctly or incorrectly, has stood the test of time.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Epistemological questions address the question of how it is we know what we know.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

"As age increases, social media use decreases." That statement is an example of ______.

A) a closed-ended research question
B) a one-tailed hypothesis
C) a two-tailed hypothesis
D) a null hypothesis

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The scientific method combines empiricism, ______, and ______ to advance knowledge.

A) rationalism; interpretivism
B) interpretivism; peer review
C) rationalism; positivism
D) critical theory; empiricism

Question 5

Which one of the following purposes of research attempts to answer "why" questions?

A) exploration
B) description
C) prediction
D) explanation

Question 6

A two-tailed hypothesis specifies:

A) the direction of the relationship between two variables
B) that there is no relationship between two variables
C) that there are two possible relationships between two variables
D) only that there is a relationship between two variables

Question 7

A closed-ended research question ______.

A) focuses on a direction of relationship between variables
B) does not focus on a direction of relationship between variables
C) addresses a question that has already been researched
D) defines the results the researcher expects to find

Question 8

"Does academic performance increase as social media use decreases?" is an example of a(n) ______.

A) null hypothesis
B) two-tailed hypothesis
C) closed-ended research question
D) open-ended research question

Question 9

Open-ended research questions ask whether there is a relationship between variables.

Question 10

"What factors explain students' use of Twitter?" This question fulfils what research purpose?

A) exploration
B) description
C) explanation
D) prediction

Question 11

A statement about the relationships we expect to find between two or more variables is called a ______.

A) research question
B) speculation
C) hypothesis
D) interpretation

Question 12

Research is often argued to have seven major purposes. In addition to interpretation, exploration, and criticism, which of the following answers correctly identifies them?

A) validation, explanation, prediction, and control
B) description, explanation, prediction, and control
C) description, generalization, prediction, and interpretation
D) description, explanation, quantification, and control

Question 13

Which of the following reasons for doing research implies researching with a view to being able to manipulate human behavior?

A) exploration
B) description
C) control
D) explanation

Question 14

Tenacity, intuition, authority, and empiricism are all:

A) epistemologies
B) ontologies
C) philosophies
D) ideologies

Question 15

The idiographic approach to communication research emphasizes ______.

A) the subjectivity and individuality of human communication
B) measurement and generalization
C) analyzing media content
D) using scientific methods

Question 16

Generally, Worldview II researchers believe that human communication:

A) is objectively measurable and can be summarized in rules
B) is objectively measurable but cannot be summarized in rules
C) should be understood subjectively and can be summarized in rules
D) should be understood subjectively and cannot be summarized in rules

Question 17

"There is no relationship between academic performance and social media involvement" is an example of ______.

A) a closed-ended research question
B) a null hypothesis
C) a one-tailed hypothesis
D) a two-tailed hypothesis

Question 18

Generally, Worldview I researchers believe that human communication:

A) is objectively measurable and can be summarized in rules
B) is objectively measurable but cannot be summarized in rules
C) should be understood subjectively and can be summarized in rules
D) should be understood subjectively and cannot be summarized in rules

Question 19

Rationalism asserts that knowledge is best acquired by:

A) faith and intuition
B) emotion and reason
C) meditation and insight
D) reason and factual analysis

Question 20

Closed-ended research questions predict a specific research result.

Question 21

Studies based on explanation attempt to answer the "why?" question.

Question 22

A "construct" is basically an abstract idea about communication.

Question 23

Academic journals are the same as magazines.

Question 24

Description is a legitimate purpose of research.

Question 25

Critical research has a goal of understanding how power is used in and through communication.

Question 26

Ontology questions address the question of what counts as knowledge.

Question 27

Induction is reasoning from observation to theory.

Question 28

Empiricism argues for knowledge based on experience and observation.

Question 29

Positivism assumes that phenomena are governed by and can be explained by rules.

Question 30

Rationalism asserts that knowledge is best acquired by faith rather than reason and factual analysis.

Question 31

A hypothesis is a question about the relationship between variables.

Question 32

Ontological questions address the nature of what we study and what it is that language actually refers to.

Question 33

Deduction is reasoning from theory to observation.

Question 34

Worldview has no influence on how researchers frame their research questions.

Question 35

Descriptive questions attempt to answer the "why?" question.

Question 36

Closed-ended research questions ask whether there is a specific direction of relationship between variables.

Question 37

Researchers will only use inductive or deductive reasoning.

Question 38

A research question is a statement about the relationships you expect to find between two variables.

Question 39

Authority is the way of knowing that comes because someone said it.

Question 40

Intuition is the instinct that says "this just feels right."

Question 41

Explain the difference between nomothetic and idiographic approaches to communication research.

Question 42

Briefly define induction, deduction, and abduction.

Question 43

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a hypothesis in your research over a research question?

Question 44

List and describe the concepts of communication metatheory.

Question 45

Scientific methods often combine control, tenacity, and exploration.

Question 46

Explain the exploration reason for doing research.

Question 47

A one-tailed hypothesis states the direction of the relationship between variables.

Question 48

You have a research interest in children and television advertising. Discuss how a research study is designed to describe how their response to advertising might differ from a study designed to predict how they respond to advertising.

Question 49

Explain the role epistemology has in research.

Question 50

Briefly explain the differences between Worldview I and Worldview II.

Question 51

Why is operationalization an important part of designing a research study?

Question 52

Explain briefly what is meant by tenacity, intuition, authority, and empiricism.

Question 53

Open-ended research questions offer more flexibility than one-tailed hypotheses.

Question 54

When can a researcher make generalizations about human communication?

Question 55

A null hypothesis shows no relationship between variables.

Question 56

What are the pros of starting research from others' work?

Question 57

Discuss the pros and cons of starting a communication research project with a specific research question as opposed to having no question.

Question 58

Why it is not suggested to start your project by choosing the method you like the most?

Question 59

Explain the difference between starting research deductively versus inductively.