Deck 11: Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

Question 1

Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes?

A)anchor neurons to blood vessels
B)guide the migration of young neurons,synapse formation,and helping to determine capillary permeability
C)support and brace neurons
D)provide the defense for the CNS
E)control the chemical environment around neurons

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function?

A)responds to stimuli by gland secretion or muscle contraction
B)senses changes in the environment
C)analyzes sensory information,stores information,makes decisions

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the .

A)repolarization
B)depolarization
C)resting period
D)absolute refractory period

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What is the role of acetylcholinesterase?

A)act as a transmitting agent
B)stimulate the production of serotonin
C)destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings
D)amplify or enhance the effect of ACh

Question 5

The term central nervous system refers to the .

A)brain,spinal cord,and peripheral nerves
B)spinal cord and spinal nerves
C)brain and spinal cord
D)autonomic nervous system

Question 6

Schwann cells are functionally similar to _.

A)microglia
B)oligodendrocytes
C)astrocytes
D)ependymal cells

Question 7

Which of the following is not true of graded potentials?

A)They can be called postsynaptic potentials.
B)They are short- lived.
C)They can form on receptor endings.
D)They increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point.

Question 8

Select the correct statement about serial processing.

A)Input travels along several different pathways.
B)Memories are triggered by serial processing.
C)Spinal reflexes are an example of serial processing.
D)Smells are processed by serial pathways.

Question 9

If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon _.

A)the impulse would move to the axon terminal only
B)muscle contraction would occur
C)the impulse would spread bidirectionally
D)the impulse would move to the axon terminal only,and the muscle contraction would occur

Question 10

Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called .

A)nerves
B)nuclei
C)tracts
D)ganglia

Question 11

Select the correct statement regarding synapses.

A)Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons of cells.
B)The release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically coupled.
C)Cells with interconnected cytoplasm are chemically coupled.
D)The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another.

Question 12

What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called?

A)ependymal cells
B)Schwann cells
C)astrocytes
D)oligodendrocytes

Question 13

Which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters?

A)acetycholine
B)ATP and other purines
C)amino acid
D)nucleic acid
E)biogenic amine

Question 14

A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until .

A)proteins have been resynthesized
B)the Na ions have been pumped back into the cell
C)the membrane potential has been reestablished
D)all sodium gates are closed

Question 15

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential IPSP)is associated with .

A)lowering the threshold for an action potential to occur
B)hyperpolarization
C)a change in sodium ion permeability
D)opening of voltage- regulated channels

Question 16

Which of the choices below describes the ANS?

A)sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract
B)sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the head,body wall,and limbs and from receptors from the special senses of vision,hearing,taste,and smell to the CNS
C)motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles
D)motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle,cardiac muscle,and glands

Question 17

The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called an)_ .

A)biogenic amine
B)ion
C)cholinesterase
D)neurotransmitter

Question 18

Bipolar neurons are commonly .

A)found in ganglia
B)found in the retina of the eye
C)called neuroglial cells
D)motor neurons

Question 19

The sheath of Schwann is also called the .

A)neurilemma
B)axolemma
C)white matter
D)myelin sheath

Question 20

Saltatory conduction is made possible by _ .

A)erratic transmission of nerve impulses
B)large nerve fibers
C)the myelin sheath
D)diphasic impulses

Question 21

is a disease that gradually destroys the myelin sheaths of neurons in the CNS,particularly in young adults.

Question 22

The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called an)_ .

A)neurolemma
B)dendrite
C)Schwann cell
D)axon

Question 23

Ependymal cells .

A)are the most numerous of the neuroglia
B)help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid
C)are a type of macrophage
D)are a type of neuron

Question 24

What is the role of microglial cells and why are they so important in the CNS?

Question 25

What function is served by the increased axon diameter at the nodes of Ranvier?

Question 26

What are the basic divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

Question 27

A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called an) .

A)efferent neuron
B)glial cell
C)afferent neuron
D)association neuron

Question 28

Which of the following is false or incorrect?

A)An inhibitory postsynaptic potential occurs if the inhibitory effect is greater than the excitatory,causing hyperpolarization of the membrane.
B)An excitatory postsynaptic potential occurs if the excitatory effect is greater than the inhibitory effect but less than threshold.
C)A nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal.

Question 29

Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system?

A)innervation of cardiac muscle
B)innervation of glands
C)innervation of skeletal muscle
D)innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract

Question 30

Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle?

A)cholinesterase
B)acetylcholine
C)gamma aminobutyric acid
D)norepinephrine

Question 31

Define neurotransmitter.Name two amino acid neurotransmitters,two catecholamines,and two peptides.

Question 32

Which of the following is true about the movement of ions across excitable living membranes?

A)Sodium gates in the membrane can open in response to electrical potential changes.
B)The bulk of the solutions inside a cell are negatively charged.
C)Ions always move actively across membranes through leakage channels.
D)Some ions are prevented from moving down their concentration gradients by ATP- driven pumps.

Question 33

Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials?

A)ligand- gated channel
B)leakage channel
C)mechanically gated channel
D)voltage- gated channel

Question 34

When one or more presynaptic neurons fire in rapid order it produces a much greater depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane than would result from a single EPSP; this event is called summation.

Question 35

Which of the following will occur when an excitatory postsynaptic potential EPSP)is being generated on the dendritic membrane?

A)Specific potassium gates will open.
B)Sodium gates will open first,then close as potassium gates open.
C)A single type of channel will open,permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium.
D)Specific sodium gates will open.

Question 36

Neurons may be classified according to several characteristics.Which of the following is correct?

A)Group C fibers are not capable of saltatory conduction.
B)Group B fibers are highly myelinated and have the highest conduction velocities.
C)A small cross- sectional area allows shorter conduction times.
D)Group A fibers are mostly somatic sensory and motor and are the smallest in diameter.

Question 37

Which of the following is not a special characteristic of neurons?

A)They conduct impulses.
B)They are mitotic.
C)They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate.
D)They have extreme longevity.

Question 38

Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are .

A)astrocytes
B)oligodendrocytes
C)Schwann cells
D)microglia

Question 39

Which pattern of neural processing is important for higher level mental processing such as problem solving?

Question 40

Immediately after an action potential has peaked,which cellular gates open?

A)potassium
B)chloride
C)calcium
D)sodium

Question 41

When information is delivered within the CNS simultaneously by different parts of the neural pathway,the process is called _ _ processing.

Question 42

Imagine a neuron that has several hundred axonal knobs impinging on it.The majority of these axonal knobs are shown to be "firing." However,the neuron in question does not transmit an impulse.Give a valid explanation of why this could occur.

Question 43

What mechanism is responsible for axonal transport?

Question 44

How can a single axon respond to several different kinds of events?

Question 45

are found in the CNS and bind axons and blood vessels to each other.

Question 46

ATP neurotransmitters have what basic effect on the body?

Question 47

Why does a hyperpolarization phase generally follow a repolarization phase in an action potential?

Question 48

How can potentially poisonous gases like NO and CO be used by the body?

Question 49

Because all action potentials are alike,how does the brain separate situations that require immediate attention from ordinary "positional" reports?

Question 50

A gap between Schwann cells in the peripheral system is called an).

Question 51

The synapse more common in embryonic nervous tissue than in adults is the .

Question 52

potentials are short- lived,local changes in membrane potential that can be either depolarized or hyperpolarized.

Question 53

That part of the nervous system that is voluntary and conducts impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles is the nervous system.