Question 1

Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes?
A)anchor neurons to blood vessels
B)guide the migration of young neurons,synapse formation,and helping to determine capillary permeability
C)support and brace neurons
D)provide the defense for the CNS
E)control the chemical environment around neurons

Accepted Answer

The defense for the CNS is primarily carried out by microglia, not astrocytes. Therefore, option D is not a function of astrocytes.

Question 2

Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function?
A)responds to stimuli by gland secretion or muscle contraction
B)senses changes in the environment
C)analyzes sensory information,stores information,makes decisions

Accepted Answer

The nervous system's integrative function involves analyzing the sensory information received, storing it, and making decisions based on that information. This function is responsible for processing and integrating sensory input and coordinating an appropriate response. A and B describe other functions of the nervous system - gland secretion/muscle contraction is a motor output and sensing changes in the environment is a sensory input.

Question 3

The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the .
A)repolarization
B)depolarization
C)resting period
D)absolute refractory period

Accepted Answer

The absolute refractory period is the period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus. During this period, the neuron is unable to generate another action potential, no matter how strong the incoming stimulus may be. This is due to the inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels which are responsible for the depolarization phase of the action potential.

Question 4

What is the role of acetylcholinesterase?
A)act as a transmitting agent
B)stimulate the production of serotonin
C)destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings
D)amplify or enhance the effect of ACh

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine (ACh) into choline and acetate in the synaptic cleft, which stops the transmission of nerve impulses and helps to prevent continuous muscle contraction. Therefore, acetylcholinesterase plays a crucial role in terminating the action of ACh by destroying it a brief period after its release by the axon endings.

Question 5

The term central nervous system refers to the .
A)brain,spinal cord,and peripheral nerves
B)spinal cord and spinal nerves
C)brain and spinal cord
D)autonomic nervous system

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system refers to the brain and spinal cord, which are both located in the central part of the body. Peripheral nerves are not considered part of the central nervous system. The autonomic nervous system is a division of the peripheral nervous system, so it is also not part of the central nervous system.

Question 6

Schwann cells are functionally similar to _.
A)microglia
B)oligodendrocytes
C)astrocytes
D)ependymal cells

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes both play the role of myelinating axons in the nervous system. Microglia are immune cells in the nervous system, astrocytes have many functions including providing support and nutrition to neurons, and ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and produce cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 7

Which of the following is not true of graded potentials?
A)They can be called postsynaptic potentials.
B)They are short- lived.
C)They can form on receptor endings.
D)They increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point.

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials decrease in amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point due to passive electrotonic decay.

Question 8

Select the correct statement about serial processing.
A)Input travels along several different pathways.
B)Memories are triggered by serial processing.
C)Spinal reflexes are an example of serial processing.
D)Smells are processed by serial pathways.

Accepted Answer

Spinal reflexes are a classic example of a serial processing system. This is because the inputs are processed one by one, in a predetermined order, without any branching or feedback loops. In other words, the signal travels from A to B to C in a linear fashion, without any other pathways or alternate routes. This type of processing is efficient for simple, reflexive tasks, but it is not very flexible or adaptable to changing circumstances. Choices A, B, and D do not accurately describe serial processing.

Question 9

If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon _.
A)the impulse would move to the axon terminal only
B)muscle contraction would occur
C)the impulse would spread bidirectionally
D)the impulse would move to the axon terminal only,and the muscle contraction would occur

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a motor neuron in the body...

Question 10

Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called .
A)nerves
B)nuclei
C)tracts
D)ganglia

Accepted Answer

Ganglia are collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system, typically located along peripheral nerves. Nerves refers to bundles of axons, usually outside the central nervous system. Nuclei are collections of nerve cell bodies inside the central nervous system. Tracts are bundles of axons within the central nervous system.

Question 11

Select the correct statement regarding synapses.
A)Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons of cells.
B)The release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically coupled.
C)Cells with interconnected cytoplasm are chemically coupled.
D)The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another.

Accepted Answer

The synaptic cleft is a small gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron. It prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another and allows the release of neurotransmitter molecules from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuron to transmit the impulse. A) is incorrect because neurotransmitter receptors are located on the dendrites or cell bodies of cells, not on the axons. B) is incorrect because the release of neurotransmitter molecules doesn't give cells the property of being electrically coupled. C) is incorrect because cells with interconnected cytoplasm are not involved in synapses.

Question 12

What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called?
A)ependymal cells
B)Schwann cells
C)astrocytes
D)oligodendrocytes

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells are responsible for secreting cerebrospinal fluid and for moving it using their cilia.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters?
A)acetycholine
B)ATP and other purines
C)amino acid
D)nucleic acid
E)biogenic amine

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters. The other options, acetycholine, ATP and other purines, amino acid, and biogenic amine, are all known classes of neurotransmitters.

Question 14

A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until .
A)proteins have been resynthesized
B)the Na ions have been pumped back into the cell
C)the membrane potential has been reestablished
D)all sodium gates are closed

Accepted Answer

The membrane potential must be reestablished, which involves the movement of ions across the membrane to restore the resting state of the neuron. This allows for the potential to reach the threshold for generating a new action potential. Options A and D are not accurate as proteins do not need to be resynthesized, and not all sodium gates need to be closed for a new impulse to be generated. Option B is partially correct, but it is the reestablishment of the membrane potential that allows for the movement of Na ions back into the cell, not the other way around.

Question 15

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential IPSP)is associated with .
A)lowering the threshold for an action potential to occur
B)hyperpolarization
C)a change in sodium ion permeability
D)opening of voltage- regulated channels

Accepted Answer

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with hyperpolarization, which means that the cell becomes more negative and less likely to fire an action potential. This is in contrast to an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), which is associated with depolarization and makes the cell more likely to fire an action potential.

Question 16

Which of the choices below describes the ANS?
A)sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract
B)sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the head,body wall,and limbs and from receptors from the special senses of vision,hearing,taste,and smell to the CNS
C)motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles
D)motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle,cardiac muscle,and glands

Accepted Answer

The ANS (autonomic nervous system) is responsible for regulating involuntary processes such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and respiratory rate. It consists of motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS (central nervous system) to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands, controlling their activity. Therefore, choice D is the correct choice, as it accurately describes the ANS.

Question 17

The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called an)_ .
A)biogenic amine
B)ion
C)cholinesterase
D)neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a neurotransmitter. Biogenic amines are a type of neurotransmitter, but not all neurotransmitters are biogenic amines. Ions are involved in the propagation of nervous impulses through changes in membrane potential, but they are not released at axon terminals. Cholinesterase is an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, but it is not released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse.

Question 18

Bipolar neurons are commonly .
A)found in ganglia
B)found in the retina of the eye
C)called neuroglial cells
D)motor neurons

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neurons are primarily found in the retina of the eye. They have two processes, one axon and one dendrite, and are involved in transmitting visual information from the photoreceptors to the ganglion cells. While bipolar neurons can also be found in other sensory areas such as the olfactory epithelium, the retina is the most common location.

Question 19

The sheath of Schwann is also called the .
A)neurilemma
B)axolemma
C)white matter
D)myelin sheath

Accepted Answer

The sheath of Schwann is also known as the neurilemma.

Question 20

Saltatory conduction is made possible by _ .
A)erratic transmission of nerve impulses
B)large nerve fibers
C)the myelin sheath
D)diphasic impulses

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction is the rapid propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons from one node of Ranvier to the next. The myelin sheath acts as an insulator that prevents ion leakage and maintains the electrical potential across the membrane. This allows the action potential to jump from node to node, increasing the speed and efficiency of signal transmission.

Quiz 11: Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes?

Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function?

The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the .

What is the role of acetylcholinesterase?

The term central nervous system refers to the .

Schwann cells are functionally similar to _.

Which of the following is not true of graded potentials?

Select the correct statement about serial processing.

If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon _.

Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called .

Select the correct statement regarding synapses.

What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called?

Which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters?

A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until .

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential IPSP) is associated with .

Which of the choices below describes the ANS?

The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called an) _ .

Bipolar neurons are commonly .

The sheath of Schwann is also called the .

Saltatory conduction is made possible by _ .