Question 1

is a disease that gradually destroys the myelin sheaths of neurons in the CNS,particularly in young adults.

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called an)_ .
A)neurolemma
B)dendrite
C)Schwann cell
D)axon

Accepted Answer

The axon is the part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body. The other options are not involved in this function - neurolemma is a part of the nerve cell membrane, dendrites conduct impulses towards the cell body, and Schwann cells are responsible for myelination of axons, but do not conduct impulses themselves.

Question 3

Ependymal cells .
A)are the most numerous of the neuroglia
B)help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid
C)are a type of macrophage
D)are a type of neuron

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells are specialized neuroglia cells that line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord. They help to circulate cerebrospinal fluid by producing and secreting it. They are not the most numerous of the neuroglia, not a type of macrophage, and not a type of neuron.

Question 4

What is the role of microglial cells and why are they so important in the CNS?

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Question 5

What function is served by the increased axon diameter at the nodes of Ranvier?

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Question 6

What are the basic divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

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Question 7

A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called an) .
A)efferent neuron
B)glial cell
C)afferent neuron
D)association neuron

Accepted Answer

An association neuron, also known as an interneuron or intrinsic neuron, connects other neurons and serves as an intermediary between sensory and motor neurons. Efferent neurons transmit signals away from the brain and spinal cord, afferent neurons transmit signals towards the brain and spinal cord, and glial cells provide support and protection for neurons.

Question 8

Which of the following is false or incorrect?
A)An inhibitory postsynaptic potential occurs if the inhibitory effect is greater than the excitatory,causing hyperpolarization of the membrane.
B)An excitatory postsynaptic potential occurs if the excitatory effect is greater than the inhibitory effect but less than threshold.
C)A nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal.

Accepted Answer

A nerve impulse occurs only if the excitatory effect is greater than the inhibitory effect, resulting in depolarization of the membrane and reaching the threshold for an action potential to be generated. So the statement "A nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal" is false.

Question 9

Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system?
A)innervation of cardiac muscle
B)innervation of glands
C)innervation of skeletal muscle
D)innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating involuntary functions of the body including heart rate, breathing, digestion, and glandular secretion. However, skeletal muscle is innervated by the somatic nervous system which is responsible for voluntary movement.

Question 10

Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle?
A)cholinesterase
B)acetylcholine
C)gamma aminobutyric acid
D)norepinephrine

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle, which causes muscle contraction. Cholinesterase is an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid and norepinephrine are inhibitory neurotransmitters.

Question 11

Define neurotransmitter.Name two amino acid neurotransmitters,two catecholamines,and two peptides.

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Question 12

Which of the following is true about the movement of ions across excitable living membranes?
A)Sodium gates in the membrane can open in response to electrical potential changes.
B)The bulk of the solutions inside a cell are negatively charged.
C)Ions always move actively across membranes through leakage channels.
D)Some ions are prevented from moving down their concentration gradients by ATP- driven pumps.

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Question 13

Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials?
A)ligand- gated channel
B)leakage channel
C)mechanically gated channel
D)voltage- gated channel

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated channels open in response to a change in membrane potential, such as the depolarization that occurs during an action potential. They play a critical role in the generation and conduction of action potentials in neurons and other electrically excitable cells.

Question 14

When one or more presynaptic neurons fire in rapid order it produces a much greater depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane than would result from a single EPSP; this event is called summation.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Which of the following will occur when an excitatory postsynaptic potential EPSP)is being generated on the dendritic membrane?
A)Specific potassium gates will open.
B)Sodium gates will open first,then close as potassium gates open.
C)A single type of channel will open,permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium.
D)Specific sodium gates will open.

Accepted Answer

During an EPSP, a single type of channel opens that allows both sodium (Na+) to flow into the cell and potassium (K+) to flow out, leading to a net depolarization.

Question 16

Neurons may be classified according to several characteristics.Which of the following is correct?
A)Group C fibers are not capable of saltatory conduction.
B)Group B fibers are highly myelinated and have the highest conduction velocities.
C)A small cross- sectional area allows shorter conduction times.
D)Group A fibers are mostly somatic sensory and motor and are the smallest in diameter.

Accepted Answer

Group C fibers are unmyelinated, which means they cannot perform saltatory conduction, a process that occurs in myelinated fibers.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a special characteristic of neurons?
A)They conduct impulses.
B)They are mitotic.
C)They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate.
D)They have extreme longevity.

Accepted Answer

Neurons are not mitotic, meaning they cannot undergo cell division to produce new neurons. This is one reason why damage to the nervous system, particularly the brain and spinal cord, is often irreversible.

Question 18

Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are .
A)astrocytes
B)oligodendrocytes
C)Schwann cells
D)microglia

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes are the neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters. Oligodendrocytes produce myelin sheaths, Schwann cells produce myelin for peripheral nerves, and microglia are involved in immune defense in the nervous system.

Question 19

Which pattern of neural processing is important for higher level mental processing such as problem solving?

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

Immediately after an action potential has peaked,which cellular gates open?
A)potassium
B)chloride
C)calcium
D)sodium

Accepted Answer

Immediately after the action potential has peaked, the voltage-gated potassium channels open, allowing potassium ions to rush out of the cell, leading to repolarization of the membrane potential.

Quiz 11: Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

is a disease that gradually destroys the myelin sheaths of neurons in the CNS,particularly in young adults.

The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called an) _ .

Ependymal cells .

What is the role of microglial cells and why are they so important in the CNS?

What function is served by the increased axon diameter at the nodes of Ranvier?

What are the basic divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called an) .

Which of the following is false or incorrect?

Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system?

Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle?

Define neurotransmitter.Name two amino acid neurotransmitters,two catecholamines,and two peptides.

Which of the following is true about the movement of ions across excitable living membranes?

Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials?

When one or more presynaptic neurons fire in rapid order it produces a much greater depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane than would result from a single EPSP; this event is called summation.

Which of the following will occur when an excitatory postsynaptic potential EPSP) is being generated on the dendritic membrane?

Neurons may be classified according to several characteristics.Which of the following is correct?

Which of the following is not a special characteristic of neurons?

Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are .

Which pattern of neural processing is important for higher level mental processing such as problem solving?

Immediately after an action potential has peaked,which cellular gates open?