Deck 1: The Collision of Cultures

Question 1

Calvinism stressed tolerance and liberal theology rather than a strict moral code.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Before the arrival of the Europeans, the horse was an important part of every New World culture.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

By 5000 B.C.E., Native Americans had transitioned into farming societies.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The presence of horses transformed the ecology of the Great Plains.

Question 5

Around 1500 B.C.E., which group in Middle America (Mesoamerica) began developing large cities, including gigantic pyramids?

A) Aztecs
B) Incas
C) Mayas
D) Pueblos
E) Mexica

Question 6

The brutal and exploitative systems that the Spanish implemented in the New World were largely the work of Bartolomé de Las Casas.

Question 7

The introduction of Indian foods, such as corn and potatoes, spurred a dramatic increase in Europe's population.

Question 8

The Aztecs:

A) were the most advanced example of the Adena-Hopewell culture
B) had an empire of 371 city-states in thirty-eight provinces
C) absorbed the Mayas around 1425
D) succumbed to the Toltecs around A.D. 900
E) were a peaceful, nomadic people

Question 9

The city of Tenochtitlán was founded in 1325 by the:

A) Mayas
B) Chibchas
C) Incas
D) Aztecs
E) Anasazis

Question 10

Cahokia was a large, advanced regional center for the Mississippian culture.

Question 11

The Church of England was established by gradually integrating Calvinism with English Catholicism.

Question 12

Pueblos were communities built by the Aztecs on cliff sides.

Question 13

Ferdinand Magellan's ship was the first to sail around the world.

Question 14

Virginia Dare, of Roanoke Island, was the first British child born in the New World.

Question 15

Mexica tribes were deeply spiritual and incorporated human sacrifice into their religious worship.

Question 16

The New World was named for the Portuguese-sponsored explorer Amerigo Vespucci.

Question 17

Ferdinand and Isabella forced Muslims and Jews to either become Christians or leave Spain.

Question 18

The newest theories of the earliest migrations from Asia to the Americas include:

A) This migration began much earlier than previously thought.
B) The Bering land bridge was the only avenue of migration.
C) Changes in Asia's climate drove natives to the Americas.
D) The natives built advanced sailing vessels for long sea voyages.
E) Early Asian societies drove these natives out, and ultimately they settled in the Americas.

Question 19

Many of the New World's early explorers were looking for a shorter and safer route around Africa to India.

Question 20

Traditionally, scholars have believed that Paleo-Indians migrated from Asia into North America:

A) in response to global warming
B) in pursuit of large game animals
C) beginning about 1,000 years ago
D) to escape tribal warfare in Asia
E) in search of a disease-free environment

Question 21

Which of the following was NOT true of the Algonquians?

A) lived in wigwams or longhouses
B) villages numbered from 500 to 2,000 people
C) often moved their villages with the seasons
D) lived along the New England Seaboard and into the Upper Midwest
E) built mounds like the Mississippians

Question 22

All of the following are true of the Anasazis EXCEPT that they:

A) lacked a rigid class structure
B) engaged in warfare only for self-defense
C) lived in the Southwest
D) were transformed by the arrival of horses
E) were destroyed by a prolonged drought

Question 23

Which of the following was NOT true of Portuguese seagoing efforts?

A) had well-trained, expert sailors
B) early settlements included Newfoundland and the New England coastline
C) used three-masted ships called caravels
D) initially explored the coastline of West Africa
E) eventually initiated trade with China and India

Question 24

Which of the following would NOT characterize the Mississippian Indian culture?

A) towns built around plazas and temples
B) cliff dwellings and widespread use of irrigation
C) cultivation of corn, beans, and squashes
D) mound-building societies
E) extensive trading activities

Question 25

At the time Europeans arrived in North America, Indians :

A) had largely died off from contagious diseases
B) all spoke dialects of the same language
C) were producing tools and weapons of iron
D) fed themselves exclusively through farming
E) tended to worship spirits in their natural surroundings

Question 26

Christopher Columbus first landed in the New World in:

A) Venezuela
B) Hispaniola
C) Jamaica
D) Cuba
E) the Bahamas

Question 27

The Protestant Reformation in England:

A) occurred more for political reasons than because of disagreement about religious doctrine
B) was almost undone when Elizabeth tried to reimpose Catholicism
C) was led by John Calvin
D) occurred prior to the Reformation in Germany
E) led to the overthrow of Henry VIII

Question 28

Columbus succeeded in:

A) finding a water route to Asia
B) proving the world was round
C) inspiring subsequent European explorations
D) bringing the benefits of European civilization to the Indians
E) finding rich sources of rubies and diamonds

Question 29

In most cases, Spanish explorers and soldiers who came to the New World were motivated by all of the following EXCEPT:

A) religious zeal
B) desire to serve their fellow man
C) pursuit of riches
D) desire for power
E) patriotism

Question 30

The first Europeans to sail around Africa and on to India were the:

A) Portuguese
B) Spaniards
C) English
D) Italians
E) Irish

Question 31

John Cabot's crossing of the Atlantic in 1497 resulted in his:

A) sighting of the Pacific
B) sailing around the tip of South America
C) discovery of a shortcut to China
D) exploration of Florida
E) making landfall in present-day Canada

Question 32

Which of the following was NOT a result of the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella?

A) opening of the Atlantic slave trade
B) unification of Spain into a single nation
C) expulsion of the Moors
D) increased interest in spreading Catholicism
E) expanded interest in exploration

Question 33

Which of the following was NOT true of Columbus's first voyage?

A) made contact with continental America
B) sailors nearly mutinied
C) made first landfall at San Salvador
D) consisted of three ships and ninety sailors
E) initially made contact with the Tainos, or Arawaks

Question 34

Ferdinand Magellan:

A) first viewed the Pacific Ocean after crossing the Isthmus of Panama
B) was a sailor on Columbus's first voyage
C) led the expedition that circumnavigated the globe
D) discovered Newfoundland
E) led the expedition to Tenochtitlán

Question 35

A central element of John Calvin's theology was his belief in:

A) salvation through good works
B) predestination
C) infant baptism
D) papal infallibility
E) the basic truth of all religions

Question 36

As monarch, Queen Elizabeth:

A) returned England to Catholicism
B) eliminated archbishops and bishops from the Church of England
C) advocated for true religious freedom for her subjects
D) illustrated incredible strength and effectiveness
E) oversaw a decline in English military and political strength

Question 37

On his first voyage, Columbus:

A) explored a number of Caribbean islands
B) landed on the mainland of North America
C) realized he had discovered a new world
D) expressed his kind intentions toward the Indians
E) ensured that he would be wealthy for life

Question 38

Which of the following was NOT true of Bartolomé de Las Casas?

A) He was a Catholic priest.
B) He provided some of the most extensive writings on the Spanish conquest of native tribes.
C) He designed the system of native slavery adopted by Spain.
D) His father had sailed with Columbus.
E) He accused Spaniards of abusing natives.

Question 39

European exploration of the Americas was greatly assisted by:

A) increased literacy
B) the Reformation
C) new sailing technologies
D) decentralized European nation-states
E) the decline of European monarchies

Question 40

The Protestant Reformation was launched in Europe by:

A) Henry VIII
B) John Calvin
C) Martin Luther
D) Charles V of Spain
E) Ferdinand and Isabella

Question 41

All of the following are true of Cortés's invasion of Mexico EXCEPT:

A) Cortés explained that the Spanish had a disease that only gold could cure
B) smallpox proved to be a very powerful weapon against the natives
C) Tenochtitlán held out for three months against a Spanish siege
D) regional Indian tribes attempted to help the Mexica against the Spanish
E) over 100,000 warriors were killed

Question 42

Spanish explorers of North America, such as Narváez, de Soto, and Coronado:

A) found large deposits of gold and silver
B) established numerous permanent settlements
C) added to the knowledge of the continent's interior
D) converted many Indians to Christianity
E) journeyed as far north as current-day Canada

Question 43

Which of the following animals were NOT found in the New World before the Europeans arrived?

A) flying squirrels and catfish
B) bison and opossums
C) sheep and pigs
D) turkeys and llamas
E) rattlesnakes and iguanas

Question 44

The primary objective of the thousands of priests in New Spain was to:

A) bless marriages
B) establish towns
C) educate Spanish colonists
D) serve as government officials
E) convert the Indians

Question 45

The encomienda system:

A) kept the Portuguese out of Mexico
B) allowed privileged Spanish landowners to control Indian villages
C) benefited the Native American populations of Spanish America
D) allowed Mayan and Incan leaders to become very wealthy through the labor of their people
E) was replicated by the English in their later New World colonies

Question 46

In 1565, the first European town was established in the current-day United States at:

A) Santa Fe
B) St. Augustine
C) Jamestown
D) Plymouth
E) San Antonio

Question 47

The French captain Jacques Cartier most importantly explored the:

A) Caribbean
B) Mississippi River
C) Great Lakes
D) St. Lawrence River
E) Hudson Bay

Question 48

Food crops exported from the Americas:

A) were more valuable to Europeans than gold or silver
B) allowed a population explosion
C) included the meat of cattle and pigs
D) made Spain the most powerful nation in Europe
E) included commodities previously unknown in Europe, like rice and wheat

Question 49

It is possible that one third of the entire Native American population of Central America died as a result of:

A) malaria
B) bubonic plague
C) influenza
D) smallpox
E) measles

Question 50

Dutch sailors were essentially:

A) slave traders
B) explorers
C) missionaries
D) pirates
E) deep-sea fishermen

Question 51

Horses became so valuable in North America they:

A) intensified intertribal competition and warfare
B) were very hard to purchase
C) became the sole responsibility of men
D) were rarely used for hunting due to the dangers involved
E) were worshipped as gods

Question 52

After the arrival of Europeans, the greatest number of Indians died as a result of:

A) depression
B) starvation
C) battle
D) disease
E) enslavement

Question 53

Which is NOT true of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680?

A) Indians forced the Spaniards to temporarily retreat.
B) Indians attacked numerous churches and priests.
C) It occurred in New Mexico.
D) It led the Spaniards to immediately colonize Texas and California.
E) It was led by an Indian named Popé.

Question 54

Which of the following foods did Europeans introduce to the New World?

A) beans
B) corn
C) potatoes
D) squash
E) wheat

Question 55

The original Spanish settlement of New Mexico:

A) sought to Christianize Plains tribes like the Apaches
B) was enriched by discoveries of gold and silver
C) ended when Santa Fe was abandoned in 1620
D) was led by Juan de Oñate
E) soon had a larger population than Mexico City

Question 56

The introduction of horses to Plains tribes:

A) unilaterally bettered the lives of their women
B) lessened their dependence on bison
C) replaced dogs as beasts of burden
D) minimally altered the ecology of the Great Plains
E) made them less nomadic

Question 57

The presidios established by the Spaniards in the Southwest housed:

A) missionaries
B) settlers
C) soldiers
D) ranchers
E) explorers

Question 58

The Spanish Armada:

A) attempted to invade England
B) was a treasure fleet attacked by the English
C) was destroyed by a storm before it left Spain
D) caused Spain to give up New World colonization as a result of its defeat
E) broke English naval power for a century

Question 59

Cortés was primarily motivated by:

A) his commitment to the supremacy of Spain
B) a desire to organize encomiendas
C) a drive to spread Christianity among native Americans
D) his powerful sense of racial superiority
E) Aztec gold

Question 60

All of the following was true of Bartolomé de Las Casas EXCEPT:

A) was officially named "Protector of the Indians"
B) considered natives to be naturally inferior peoples
C) gave away his land and freed his slaves
D) urged the Spanish government to do more to help the natives
E) rejected the idea of forced conversion of Indians to Catholicism

Question 61

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Hernando de Soto

A)conquered the Inca Empire
B)wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536)
C)led the first voyage to circumnavigate the globe but was killed in the Philippines
D)began the Protestant Reformation
E)was the captain of the Santa Maria
F)led the first French effort to colonize the New World
G)defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588
H)explored what is now the southeastern United States
I)a priest who advocated for humanitarian treatment of natives
J)founded the first British colony in the New World at Roanoke Island

Question 62

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Sir Humphrey Gilbert

A)conquered the Inca Empire
B)wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536)
C)led the first voyage to circumnavigate the globe but was killed in the Philippines
D)began the Protestant Reformation
E)was the captain of the Santa Maria
F)led the first French effort to colonize the New World
G)defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588
H)explored what is now the southeastern United States
I)a priest who advocated for humanitarian treatment of natives
J)founded the first British colony in the New World at Roanoke Island

Question 63

Describe the role that disease played in the conquest of American natives.

Question 64

The title of this chapter is "The Collision of Cultures." In what ways is this phrase an accurate assessment of the early relationship between the Old World and the New World?

Question 65

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Christopher Columbus

A)conquered the Inca Empire
B)wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536)
C)led the first voyage to circumnavigate the globe but was killed in the Philippines
D)began the Protestant Reformation
E)was the captain of the Santa Maria
F)led the first French effort to colonize the New World
G)defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588
H)explored what is now the southeastern United States
I)a priest who advocated for humanitarian treatment of natives
J)founded the first British colony in the New World at Roanoke Island

Question 66

In 1600, which European nation seemed to have the best chance at eventually controlling what is now the United States? Why?

Question 67

The Spanish Empire began a precipitous decline because:

A) its citizens failed to pay taxes
B) it focused on the well-being of natives
C) it could never compete militarily with England
D) it became overly dependent on extraction of wealth
E) the Roman Catholic Church required the nation to adhere to a vow of poverty

Question 68

The explorer Sir Humphrey Gilbert:

A) was lost at sea
B) founded the Roanoke colony
C) became a notorious pirate
D) married Queen Elizabeth
E) was an English captain hired by the French

Question 69

Which country did Sir Walter Raleigh argue should establish colonies in the New World?

A) England
B) France
C) Holland
D) Spain
E) Portugal

Question 70

Discuss the impact of horses on the Great Plains. Be sure to include short-term as well as long-term consequences.

Question 71

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Jacques Cartier

A)conquered the Inca Empire
B)wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536)
C)led the first voyage to circumnavigate the globe but was killed in the Philippines
D)began the Protestant Reformation
E)was the captain of the Santa Maria
F)led the first French effort to colonize the New World
G)defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588
H)explored what is now the southeastern United States
I)a priest who advocated for humanitarian treatment of natives
J)founded the first British colony in the New World at Roanoke Island

Question 72

The English attempt to establish a colony on Roanoke Island resulted in:

A) a severe blow to Spanish power
B) a permanent English presence in North America
C) a severe blow to English power
D) the execution of Sir Walter Raleigh
E) the disappearance of the colonists

Question 73

Explain the impact of the Protestant Reformation on the settlement of the Western Hemisphere.

Question 74

Discuss the voyages of Columbus. What motivated him, and what did he accomplish on each trip? How did Columbus deal with those who doubted his claims?

Question 75

Describe the Great Biological Exchange between the Old and New Worlds. Discuss what each world gained from the other.

Question 76

A major reason for the defeat of the Spanish Armada was:

A) storms in the North Sea
B) Elizabeth's brilliance as a naval strategist
C) the incompetence of the Spanish captains
D) the greater size of the English vessels
E) inaccurate Spanish maps and compasses

Question 77

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
John Calvin

A)conquered the Inca Empire
B)wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536)
C)led the first voyage to circumnavigate the globe but was killed in the Philippines
D)began the Protestant Reformation
E)was the captain of the Santa Maria
F)led the first French effort to colonize the New World
G)defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588
H)explored what is now the southeastern United States
I)a priest who advocated for humanitarian treatment of natives
J)founded the first British colony in the New World at Roanoke Island

Question 78

Explain the various factors of the European Renaissance that prompted and promoted the exploration and settlement of the New World.

Question 79

Describe the development of Spanish rule over its territory in America.

Question 80

Explain the origins of the American Indians and compare the general cultures that they developed in South, North, and Central America.