Deck 22: Growth and Development

Question 1

______ is the measurable aspect of a person's increase in physical dimensions.

A) Growth
B) Development
C) Maturation
D) The latency stage of development

Answer 1

Growth

Question 2

The mother of an 8-year-old girl has brought her daughter to the health clinic for her annual check-up.She is concerned about the high blood pressure in her family and asks the nurse if there is some way to know if the child is at risk for hypertension.What is the nurse's best response?

A) "Blood pressure elevation in childhood is the single best predictor of adult hypertension."
B) "Well let's take her blood pressure and see if it's up. If it is, she has hypertension."
C) "She looks pretty plump to me, and that indicates good health. As long as she's eating, she should be OK."
D) "If you think that she's gaining weight, put her on an exercise program, but wait until she's in her teens."

Answer 2

"Blood pressure elevation in childhood is the single best predictor of adult hypertension."

Question 3

The mother of a toddler is concerned that her son is not eating enough,although he has not lost any weight.She tells the nurse that her son used to have a very good appetite,but now does not eat as much as he did a couple of months ago.What is the best response for the nurse to provide?

A) "You need to make him eat. At this stage, he is growing too fast to not eat."
B) "I could show you a growth chart, but each child is different so it doesn't mean much."
C) "Toddlers have periods when they aren't growing as fast and they don't need to eat as much."
D) "Make him eat with a spoon and don't feed him snacks. He will be hungrier at meal time."

Answer 3

"Toddlers have periods when they aren't growing as fast and they don't need to eat as much."

Question 4

According to one growth and development theorist,individuals need to accomplish a particular task before successfully completing the stage of growth and development.Each task is framed with opposing conflicts,such as trust versus mistrust.Who developed this theory?

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Jean Piaget
C) Erik Erikson
D) Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 5

A specific phase or period when the presence of a function or reasoning has its greatest effect on a specific aspect of development is referred to as:

A) Freud's psychoanalytic model of personality.
B) a critical period of development.
C) Erikson's stages of development.
D) Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Question 6

Which of the following people developed the theory of cognitive development that describes children's intellectual organization and how they think,reason,and perceive the world?

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Jean Piaget
C) Erik Erikson
D) Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 7

This model of personality development is grounded in the belief that two internal biological forces drive the psychological change in a child: sexual (libido)and aggressive energies.Who is responsible for developing this theory?

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Jean Piaget
C) Erik Erikson
D) Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 8

A patient is experiencing incisional pain after an operation.When using Maslow's hierarchy of needs,the nurse realizes that for the patient to return to a prehospitalized status,the patient needs to progress beyond which of the following?

A) Belonging
B) Self-esteem
C) Self-actualization
D) Safety and security

Question 9

______ is an interaction of biological,sociological,and psychological forces.

A) Growth
B) Development
C) Maturation
D) The latency stage of development

Question 10

The nurse is caring for an older adult who seems depressed and states that "I hate going to Bingo.I'd really like to get back in shape.Maybe if I could join a health club,I could get back to feeling like myself." The nurse should do which of the following?

A) Inform the patient that at his age it's probably not a good idea to join a health club.
B) Recommend that the patient have a complete physical examination.
C) Explain that physical impairments would prevent any worthwhile exercising.
D) Tell the patient that at his age he would probably hurt himself.

Question 11

A student nurse is in her community health clinical rotation.She is visiting a family with a new baby.Which of the following statements made by the mother of a 1-month-old infant indicates the need for client education?

A) "My baby should double his birth weight by the time he is 6 months old."
B) "I shouldn't give my baby any cow's milk until he is at least a year old."
C) "My baby has been fussy lately; I believe he is probably cutting his teeth."
D) "I shouldn't put my baby on a fluffy pillow to sleep."

Question 12

An 11-year-old boy is being seen at the clinic for his annual check-up.As part of anticipatory guidance,the nurse instructs the boy's father that accidents and injuries are major health problems affecting school-age children and that the number one cause of death is in this age group is which of the following?

A) Drowning
B) Motor vehicle accidents
C) Fire
D) Firearms

Question 13

A pregnant teenager asks the clinic nurse why she cannot smoke during the first trimester.Remembering growth and development,what is the nurse's best response?

A) "Smoking is a bad habit, but it probably won't affect the baby."
B) "Smoking may affect organ systems that are beginning to develop."
C) "Smoking will only affect the baby in the third trimester."
D) "Smoking mothers usually produce overweight babies"

Question 14

A nurse is caring for a 5-year-old child who is hospitalized for stabilization of asthma.To provide age-specific care,which of the following is the most appropriate action by the nurse?

A) Allow the child to handle medical equipment.
B) Have a parental presence at all times.
C) Have the child lie flat and still during procedures.
D) Tell the child as little as possible about expectations and care.

Question 15

Preconception counseling is a growing trend in health care with the goal being to secure the best outcome for mother,fetus,and significant others through good prenatal care and teaching that:

A) teratogens can affect fetal development during any trimester.
B) the placenta prevents teratogens from passing to the fetus.
C) teratogens are all man-made, preventable, and do not include viruses or bacteria.
D) smoking has been shown to have no effect on fetal development.

Question 16

A recent graduate nurse has been assigned to be a primary nurse on a geriatric unit.After completing a review of development and aging,the nurse recalls that changes during the climacteric signify which of the following?

A) A characteristic of young adulthood
B) The increased reproductive ability of the older adult
C) A time of significant change in cognitive performance in middle age
D) A decline of reproductive capacity caused by a decrease in sexual hormones

Question 17

The transition from childhood to adulthood,in terms of the psychological maturation of the individual,is known as which of the following?

A) Puberty
B) Adolescence
C) Menarche
D) Preadolescence

Question 18

A student nurse who works in a pediatric clinic is assisting with an assessment on a young child who is not yet walking.She knows that it is considered a delayed gross motor ability if the child does not walk by _____ months.

A) 16
B) 18
C) 20
D) 22

Question 19

The nurse is providing prenatal education to a patient whose pregnancy has been confirmed.This is the patient's first pregnancy and she is in her first trimester.The nurse instructs the patient that she should stop smoking,avoid alcohol,and avoid eating king mackerel because of the high mercury content in the fish.Although this advice should be followed during the entire pregnancy,the fetus is most vulnerable to adverse effects in the _____ trimester.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) final

Question 20

According to one theorist,moral development depends on the child's ability to accept social responsibility and to integrate personal principles of justice and fairness.Which of the following individuals is responsible for the theory of moral development?

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Jean Piaget
C) Erik Erikson
D) Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 21

The patient has been diagnosed with progressive Alzheimer's disease.Characteristics of this disease include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Delirium
B) Agnosia
C) Apraxia
D) Aphasia
E) Amnesia

Question 22

A 90-year-old patient constantly tells the nurse stories about life many years ago.The nurse encourages this behavior because reminiscence or life review is:

A) a technique that prepares the individual for the end of life.
B) a review of dispelling past experiences as meaningless.
C) helpful although it is unnatural in the older adult.
D) a way for the elderly to realize that conflicts cannot be reconciled.

Question 23

Postmenopausal women are at risk for skeletal changes.When developing a plan of care for postmenopausal women,a nurse should remember which of the following?

A) Exercise provides little benefit for the middle-age adult.
B) Middle-age women should avoid dietary calcium to prevent osteoporosis.
C) Exercise and fitness clubs have limited activities.
D) Physical activities help improve balance and coordination.

Question 24

A nurse is caring for a group of 6 and 7 year olds.The nurse remembers that,according to Kohlberg,moral development is a component of psychosocial development.Moral development depends on the child's ability to do which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Accept social responsibility.
B) Respect the integrity and rights of others.
C) Integrate principles of justice and fairness.
D) Use symbols and objects on the way to abstract thinking.
E) Perform repetitive motion responses.

Question 25

A nurse is performing an admission assessment on a middle-age patient.A normal change seen in this age group includes which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) A progressive decrease in skin turgor
B) Decreased visual acuity
C) Decreased ability to solve practical problems
D) Decreased strength of abdominal muscles
E) Loss of accommodation

Question 26

Polypharmacy is:

A) the use of unprescribed medication for recreational use.
B) the prescription, use, or administration of more medications than are needed.
C) very rare in older adults.
D) rarely a problem as long as the medications are taken together.