Deck 9: Motivation, Stress, and Emotion

Question 1

Problematic functioning of which of the following hormones can lead to overeating?

A) adrenaline
B) peptic acid
C) leptin
D) lipotor

Answer 1

adrenaline

Question 2

One interesting thing about incentive approaches is that incentives __________.

A) are inherited
B) exist inside a narrow collection of internal stimuli
C) exist independently of any need or level of arousal
D) only work for adults

Answer 2

exist independently of any need or level of arousal

Question 3

What do we call biologically determined, innate patterns of behavior?

A) drives
B) instincts
C) releasing behaviors
D) universal behaviors

Answer 3

instincts

Question 4

Schachter and Singer proposed that two things have to happen before emotion occurs: _____ and _____.

A) physical arousal; fight or flight
B) cognition; behavior
C) physical arousal; labeling
D) behavior; physical arousal

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct order of the stages of the GTD method discussed in your chapter?

A) Capture, Organize, Process, Do, Complete
B) Do, Process, Capture, Organize, Complete
C) Process, Organize, Capture, Do, Complete
D) Capture, Process, Organize, Complete, Do

Question 6

In arousal theory, people are said to have a(n) _________ level of tension.

A) ultimate
B) lower
C) optimal
D) high

Question 7

Which of the following is the term used to describe unpredictable, large-scale events that create a great deal of stress and feelings of threat?

A) major life changes
B) catastrophes
C) hassles
D) eustress

Question 8

Seeing a snake, and then simultaneously running away from it and becoming frightened, is the sequence of events postulated by ______ theory.

A) Plutchik's
B) the James-Lange
C) Schachter and Singer's
D) the Cannon-Bard theory

Question 9

Which level of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy is epitomized by the U.S. Army's slogan "Be all that you can be"?

A) safety
B) self-esteem
C) belongingness
D) self-actualization

Question 10

According to research, the majority of gay or bisexual college men report they first became aware of their sexual orientation in ________.

A) high school
B) middle school
C) elementary school
D) before entering school

Question 11

Which of the following is a criticism of Maslow's theory?

A) Research does not support the idea that people want to self-actualize.
B) Evidence suggests that met needs become less important.
C) His theory was based primarily on the study of Americans.
D) The theory does not suggest a regulatory fit.

Question 12

Need for achievement is also referred to as ________________.

A) nAch
B) NFA
C) Ach
D) neech

Question 13

Which theory states that a stimulus triggers physiological changes that produce emotion?

A) Cannon-Bard theory
B) James-Lange theory
C) Schachter-Singer theory
D) commonsense view of emotions

Question 14

The pursuit of an activity for an outcome that is separate from the person is called ______________.

A) the need for affiliation
B) intrinsic motivation
C) extrinsic motivation
D) a mastery goal

Question 15

Which of the following is correct concerning the interaction of culture and food?

A) American men and women both eat to reduce depression, whereas Japanese men and women eat to reduce anger.
B) American women eat when they are depressed, whereas Japanese women eat because of social demands.
C) There were no differences in the eating habits of American and Japanese men and women.
D) Japanese men ate more than both American men and women.

Question 16

Which two different terms best describe Schachter and Singer's theory of emotion?

A) arousal and physiology
B) behavior and genetics
C) arousal and context
D) nature and nurture

Question 17

Some psychologists believe that an organism's behavior is motivated by the need to achieve a state of balance in which the body functions effectively-a state called ______.

A) unbalance
B) acquiescence
C) propinquity
D) homeostasis

Question 18

The process by which the facial expressions send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed is called ____________.

A) facial feedback
B) internal emotion work
C) primary emotional processing
D) body language
Chapter 9 - Quick Quiz 2

Question 19

Which is the most socially acceptable form of sexual behavior in most cultures?

A) bisexuality
B) homosexuality
C) heterosexuality
D) All of these three forms are equally acceptable in most cultures.

Question 20

According to cognitive-mediational theories, appraisal of the situation would come ____ the physical arousal and ____ the experience of emotion.

A) before; before
B) after; before
C) before; after
D) after; after

Question 21

Intrinsic motivation is one that propels a person to pursue an activity ________.

A) for external rewards
B) because the act itself is rewarding
C) to relieve the state of tension caused by deprivation
D) in order to be judged favorably by others

Question 22

What do we call biologically determined, innate patterns of behavior?

A) drives
B) instincts
C) releasing behaviors
D) universal behaviors

Question 23

________ is a state of tension resulting from the deprivation of physical needs, such as those for food and water.

A) Motivation
B) A drive
C) A value
D) Instinct

Question 24

The ________ approach to motivation suggests a connection between internal physical states and outward behavior.

A) arousal
B) drive-reduction
C) incentive
D) achievement

Question 25

In 1908, ________ proposed that there were 18 human instincts.

A) Hans Selye
B) Julian Rotter
C) William McDougall
D) Richard Lazarus

Question 26

Extrinsic motivation is defined as the pursuit of an activity ________.

A) for external reward
B) for its own sake
C) to relieve the state of tension caused by deprivation
D) in order to increase one's competence and skills

Question 27

The pursuit of an activity for its own sake is propelled by ________.

A) the need for affiliation
B) intrinsic motivation
C) biological drives
D) performance goals

Question 28

An instinct is a tendency that is ________.

A) learned
B) conditioned
C) biologically determined
D) easily controlled

Question 29

The tendency of the body to maintain a steady state of functioning is called ________.

A) stability
B) equilibrium
C) homeostasis
D) physiological balance

Question 30

In 1908, William McDougall and others proposed that motivation was a result of ________.

A) instincts
B) incentives
C) drives
D) emotions

Question 31

One positive outcome of instinct approaches was ________.

A) that they gave birth to psychoanalytic theory
B) that psychologists began focusing on learning theories
C) that psychologists were now forced to consider the effects of heredity on behavior
D) a better explanation of behavior

Question 32

In psychology, instinct approaches to motivation have faded because they lacked the goal of ________.

A) description
B) explanation
C) prediction
D) change

Question 33

The pursuit of an activity for an outcome that is separate from the person is called ________.

A) the need for affiliation
B) intrinsic motivation
C) extrinsic motivation
D) a mastery goal

Question 34

The process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met is called ________.

A) motivation
B) emotion
C) achievement
D) synergy

Question 35

Salmon swimming upstream to spawn are an example of ________.

A) incentives
B) motives
C) instinct
D) needs

Question 36

The state of tension created by biological needs is called a(n) ________.

A) emotion
B) impulse
C) drive
D) instinct

Question 37

Sam is known to be the fastest worker in the mail room. He has worked in the mail room for only a short time, but prides himself on being competent and a quick learner. He often gets positive comments from coworkers and his boss, which helps to motivate him and has a positive effect as he continues to challenge himself at work. As a result of his efficient style, he is also given more freedom than other workers, as his boss is impressed by his ability to sort and organize mail. Sam is likely to be ________ motivated as he continues to challenge and push himself to perform even better each day.

A) intrinsically
B) extrinsically
C) superiorly
D) withinsically

Question 38

In 1908, William McDougall proposed that there were ________ human instincts.

A) 5
B) 9
C) 18
D) 24

Question 39

Which statement about motivation is TRUE?

A) Motivation energizes and directs behavior.
B) We are always aware of motivational processes.
C) There is only one type of motivation.
D) Two people motivated by the same factor will satisfy that motive through similar means.

Question 40

In their earlier attempts to explain motivation, psychologists were inclined to attributing it to ________.

A) emotions
B) incentives
C) learned responses
D) instincts

Question 41

Primary drives are caused by ________.

A) exceptions to the drive-reduction principle
B) learned behaviors
C) stimuli within the body
D) stimuli outside the body

Question 42

Drives that are learned through experience are called ________ drives.

A) primary
B) reflexive
C) acquired
D) tertiary

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a secondary drive?

A) a drive for great wealth
B) a drive to be successful in school
C) a drive to eat when hungry
D) a drive for high levels of achievement

Question 44

In the section "Three Types of Needs," which of the following was NOT discussed by David McClelland?

A) achievement
B) affiliation
C) power
D) sex

Question 45

Homeostasis is most like which of the following?

A) a car
B) a thermometer
C) a cooler
D) a thermostat

Question 46

Which of the following activities is inconsistent with drive-reduction theory?

A) eating food that tastes bad
B) going swimming on a hot day
C) eating when you are not hungry
D) smoking pot to relax

Question 47

Sydney said, "I don't care much about my grades as long as I'm the most popular girl in the class!" What need is this?

A) need for achievement
B) need for affiliation
C) need for power
D) need for sex

Question 48

Primary drives are ________.

A) learned
B) unlearned
C) produced by external incentives
D) exceptions to the drive-reduction principle

Question 49

Drives that are learned through experience are called ________ drives.

A) primary
B) reflexive
C) secondary
D) tertiary

Question 50

Which of the following behaviors is NOT an example of drive-reduction theory?

A) getting some food when you are hungry
B) going to sleep when you are tired
C) getting something to drink when you are thirsty
D) going jogging when you are bored

Question 51

A famed psychologist claims that motivated behaviors result from an effort to reduce tension caused by bodily needs such as hunger or thirst. This psychologist's philosophy most closely matches ________ theory.

A) reciprocity
B) homeostatic
C) needs
D) drive-reduction

Question 52

Drive-reduction theorists would say that getting a haircut to look attractive is a(n) ________.

A) homeostatic drive
B) acquired drive
C) primary drive
D) motive drive

Question 53

The theory stating that behaviors are motivated by an organism's attempts to reduce tension from conditions such as hunger or thirst, and return the body to a state of balance, is called ________ theory.

A) drive-reduction
B) homeostatic
C) needs
D) disequilibrium

Question 54

Monica put all her time and energy into getting into the acting club because her main goal in life "was to be a famous star." Monica's drive to be famous was a(n) ________ drive.

A) primary
B) reflexive
C) acquired
D) tertiary

Question 55

Drives serve to activate responses that are aimed at reducing the drive, thereby returning the body to a more normal state called ________.

A) stability
B) equilibrium
C) homeostasis
D) physiological balance

Question 56

The chief function of homeostasis is to ________.

A) prevent balance
B) maintain a steady state
C) regulate emotions
D) control sexual urges

Question 57

According to drive-reduction theory, what occurs each time a behavior results in drive reduction?

A) Tension is increased.
B) Stability is reduced.
C) Tension is reduced.
D) Drives are increased.

Question 58

Physiologically-based drives that are unlearned are called ________ drives.

A) primary
B) reflexive
C) acquired
D) tertiary

Question 59

Some psychologists believe that an organism's behavior is motivated by the need to achieve a state of balance in which the body functions effectively-a state called ________.

A) unbalance
B) acquiescence
C) propinquity
D) homeostasis

Question 60

Thirst, sexual desire, and hunger are examples of ________ drives.

A) primary
B) reduction
C) secondary
D) internalized

Question 61

According to Carol Dweck, people with this type of control believe intelligence is changeable and can be shaped by experience.

A) internal locus of control
B) decremental
C) incidental
D) external locus of control

Question 62

Jack said, "I want to rule the world." What type of need is this?

A) need for achievement
B) need for affiliation
C) need for power
D) need for sex

Question 63

According to Dweck, the best parenting advice one can give to help children succeed is ________.

A) praise the good behavior and punish the bad
B) praise the good but say nothing about the bad behavior
C) constructively criticize and link with praise for effort
D) criticize bad behavior and minimally praise good behavior

Question 64

Bobby is a very active 5-year-old compared to others in his class. He appears to seek a great deal of stimulation, and is very playful, curious, and explorative. Bobby's seemingly unlearned motives, which are likely to increase stimulation, are called ________.

A) developmental motives
B) exploratory motives
C) stimulus motives
D) cognitive motives

Question 65

According to Carol Dweck, this type of person believes that intelligence is fixed, unchanging, and independent.

A) internal locus of control
B) decremental
C) incidental
D) external locus of control

Question 66

According to Carol Dweck, need for achievement is closely related to ________.

A) genetics
B) geography
C) luck
D) personality factors

Question 67

Which of the following statements would best be associated with Carol Dweck?

A) Looking smart is better than being smart.
B) Failure is a good way to learn.
C) Never fail, no matter what.
D) The best way to succeed is to always have the right answer.

Question 68

A stimulus motive is one that appears to be ________.

A) unlearned
B) learned
C) acquired
D) based on behavior

Question 69

In arousal theory, people are said to have a(n) ________ level of tension.

A) ultimate
B) lower
C) optimal
D) high

Question 70

Which of the following examples best represents the Yerkes-Dodson Law?

A) Bill has a bad test score because he did not study.
B) Dan plays his best games when they mean the most to the team and his arousal is moderately high.
C) Mary buys a new car.
D) Toni watches TV all night.

Question 71

Ethan is an award-winning swimmer. His desire to compete and win is part of his need for ________.

A) attention
B) affiliation
C) physical activity
D) achievement

Question 72

Donald believes all the teaching in the world will not change the fact that he is stupid and of below average intelligence. According to Dweck, what locus of control does Donald have?

A) internal locus of control
B) decremental
C) incidental
D) external locus of control

Question 73

A way to abbreviate need for power is ________.

A) nPow
B) nAch
C) nEEP
D) nAff

Question 74

Which of the following is correct for people who are high in the need for achievement?

A) They look for careers that pay a lot of money.
B) They look for careers and hobbies that allow others to evaluate them.
C) They look for careers that require little education.
D) They look for careers that will make them famous.

Question 75

The need for ________ involves a strong desire to succeed in attaining goals.

A) achievement
B) power
C) motivation
D) emotion

Question 76

The Yerkes-Dodson Law says ________.

A) performance is affected by levels of arousal
B) the more money you make, the better your job will be
C) nausea from bad food causes a reluctance to eat that food again
D) performance on tests is better in the morning

Question 77

Luc said, "I don't care what I do as long as I am in control." What need is this?

A) need for achievement
B) need for affiliation
C) need for power
D) need for sex

Question 78

Need for achievement is also referred to as ________.

A) Ach
B) NFA
C) nAch
D) neech

Question 79

Glenn believes he can learn from his mistakes and that study and perseverance will help him improve his intelligence. According to Dweck, what locus of control does Glenn have?

A) internal locus of control
B) decremental
C) incidental
D) external locus of control

Question 80

nAch is an abbreviation for ________.

A) no achievement
B) need for achievement
C) no challenge
D) need for change