Question 1

Problematic functioning of which of the following hormones can lead to overeating?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

One interesting thing about incentive approaches is that incentives __________.

Accepted Answer

Incentives are external stimuli that motivate behavior by satisfying a need or level of arousal. They exist independently of any inherent motivation and are typically used to encourage desired behavior.

Question 3

What do we call biologically determined, innate patterns of behavior?

Accepted Answer

Biologically determined, innate patterns of behavior are called instincts. Drives refer to internal states that motivate an organism to engage in certain behaviors to satisfy a physiological need. Releasing behaviors, also known as fixed action patterns, are a specific set of behaviors triggered by a specific stimulus. Universal behaviors refer to behaviors that are found across cultures, but do not necessarily have a biological basis.

Question 4

Schachter and Singer proposed that two things have to happen before emotion occurs: _____ and _____.

Accepted Answer

Schachter and Singer proposed that two things have to happen before emotion occurs: physical arousal and labeling of that arousal based on the surrounding situation or context. This is also known as the two-factor theory of emotion.

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct order of the stages of the GTD method discussed in your chapter?

Accepted Answer

The GTD (Getting Things Done) method involves capturing what has your attention, processing what it means, organizing the results, completing the necessary actions, and then doing the tasks.

Question 6

In arousal theory, people are said to have a(n) _________ level of tension.

Accepted Answer

Arousal theory suggests that individuals have an optimal level of tension that they seek to maintain. This level varies from person to person and different activities or situations may require different levels. If the level is too high, individuals may experience stress or anxiety. If the level is too low, individuals may become bored or disinterested. Therefore, the optimal level of tension is the most appropriate answer.

Question 7

Which of the following is the term used to describe unpredictable, large-scale events that create a great deal of stress and feelings of threat?

Accepted Answer

Catastrophes are unpredictable, large-scale events such as natural disasters, terrorist attacks, or mass shootings that create a great deal of stress and feelings of threat. Major life changes and hassles are stressors as well, but they are not necessarily unpredictable or on a large scale. Eustress, on the other hand, refers to positive stress that motivates and energizes individuals.

Question 8

Seeing a snake, and then simultaneously running away from it and becoming frightened, is the sequence of events postulated by ______ theory.

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory proposes that an emotion-provoking event leads to simultaneous bodily arousal and emotional experience. In the example given, the person experiences fear (emotional experience) at the same time as they begin to run away (bodily arousal) from the snake.

Question 9

Which level of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy is epitomized by the U.S. Army's slogan "Be all that you can be"?

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Army's slogan "Be all that you can be" is focused on encouraging individuals to reach their full potential and achieve self-actualization, which is the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Question 10

According to research, the majority of gay or bisexual college men report they first became aware of their sexual orientation in ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to research, the majority of gay...

Question 11

Which of the following is a criticism of Maslow's theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a criticism...

Question 12

Need for achievement is also referred to as ________________.

Accepted Answer

The correct term for the need for achievement is nAch (pronounced "en-ash"). It is a psychological term used to describe a person's desire to accomplish difficult tasks, achieve success, and attain recognition. The term was coined by psychologist David McClelland in the 1960s. Option B) NFA is not a commonly used term to describe the need for achievement. Option C) Ach is too general and can refer to different things. Option D) "neech" does not exist as a term related to the need for achievement.

Question 13

Which theory states that a stimulus triggers physiological changes that produce emotion?

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory states that a stimulus triggers physiological changes (such as increased heart rate or sweating) which in turn produce emotion (such as fear or happiness).

Question 14

The pursuit of an activity for an outcome that is separate from the person is called ______________.

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic motivation refers to engaging in an activity for the purpose of achieving some external reward or outcome, such as earning money or receiving praise from others. This is different from intrinsic motivation (B), which is when someone engages in an activity simply because they enjoy it or find it inherently satisfying. Option A, the need for affiliation, refers to the desire to form connections with others and is not related to the pursuit of an activity for an external outcome. Option D, a mastery goal, refers to the pursuit of developing and mastering a skill or task for its own sake, regardless of external outcomes.

Question 15

Which of the following is correct concerning the interaction of culture and food?

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that American women eat to reduce depression, while Japanese women eat because of social demands. It does not provide information on the eating habits of American men or Japanese men. Additionally, it suggests that Japanese women eat for different reasons than American women, indicating a difference in eating habits between the two cultures. Choice A is incorrect because it makes a generalization that both American men and women eat to reduce depression and Japanese men and women eat to reduce anger, without providing any evidence or explanation for this claim. Choice C is incorrect because the statement explicitly mentions differences in eating habits between American and Japanese women. Choice D is unsupported by the statement.

Question 16

Which two different terms best describe Schachter and Singer's theory of emotion?

Accepted Answer

Schachter and Singer's theory of emotion is also known as the two-factor theory of emotion, which states that emotions are composed of two factors: arousal and context. Arousal refers to the physiological response, while context refers to the cognitive interpretation of that arousal. Therefore, choice C, arousal and context, best describes this theory.

Question 17

Some psychologists believe that an organism's behavior is motivated by the need to achieve a state of balance in which the body functions effectively-a state called ______.

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis is the state of balance in which an organism's body functions effectively. A) Unbalance is the opposite of homeostasis, and B) Acquiescence and C) Propinquity are not relevant to the concept of homeostasis.

Question 18

The process by which the facial expressions send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed is called ____________.

Accepted Answer

The process by which the facial expressions send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed is called facial feedback.

Question 19

Which is the most socially acceptable form of sexual behavior in most cultures?

Accepted Answer

Heterosexuality is considered the most socially acceptable form of sexual behavior in most cultures. While attitudes towards bisexuality and homosexuality have become more accepting in certain cultures, heterosexuality remains the majority and socially accepted norm in most societies.

Question 20

According to cognitive-mediational theories, appraisal of the situation would come ____ the physical arousal and ____ the experience of emotion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to cognitive-mediational theories, appraisal of the...

Quiz 9: Motivation, Stress, and Emotion