Deck 4: The Social Demography of Health: Gender, Age, and Race

Question 1

About _____________ Americans die each year from smoking-related diseases.

A) 250,000
B) 440,000
C) 800,000
D) 1,000,000
E) 1,250,000

Answer 1

440,000

Question 2

Some research suggests that the _____________ hypothesis and the psychological stress hypothesis contribute the most to providing an answer for the higher prevalence of hypertension in blacks, since blacks in general have higher rates of hypertension than whites.

A) Associated disorder.
B) Genetic.
C) Psychological stress.
D) Physical exertion.
E) Diet.

Answer 2

Genetic.

Question 3

What is the "fertility rate"?

A) The age until a female remains fertile.
B) The number of births per women of childbearing age.
C) The rate of fertile women in a given country, region, etc.
D) The number of pregnancies a woman has.
E) None of the above.

Answer 3

The number of births per women of childbearing age.

Question 4

_____________babies die more often than _________________ babies.

A) Healthy, sick.
B) Female, male.
C) Male, female.
D) Younger, older.
E) Older, younger.

Question 5

The _____________ hypothesis asserts that blacks are more prone to diseases such as pyelonephritis and syphilis that may result in secondary hypertension.

A) Associated disorder.
B) Genetic.
C) Psychological stress.
D) Physical exertion.
E) Diet.

Question 6

Which racial group in the United States is especially disadvantaged in regard to health?

A) Non-Hispanic whites.
B) Non-Hispanic blacks.
C) Hispanics.
D) Asians/Pacific Islanders.
E) American Indians/Alaskan Natives.

Question 7

What has been the general pattern in life expectancy during the 20th century with respect to men and women?

A) Women outlive men only in a handful of countries.
B) Both men and women gained approximately the same amount.
C) Men gained more than women in the first half of the century, but dramatic social change in recent decades has meant that women are catching up to men.
D) Women gained more than men in the first half of the century but since then men have made greater gains and the gap is narrowing.
E) None of the above

Question 8

Many elderly rate their health as good despite the health problems that often accompany aging. What does this phenomenon suggest about the usefulness of self-rated heath as a tool to measure health?

A) It is not accurate and probably should not be used.
B) Just surviving to old age free of serious illness or disability is evidence of good health.
C) The elderly are able to perceive their health as good if they can perform their usual daily activities successfully.
D) Both A and B.
E) Both B and C.

Question 9

The most dangerous job in the United States is that of a:

A) Fisherman.
B) Fireman.
C) Police officer.
D) Doctor.
E) Logging worker.

Question 10

Morbidity is:

A) Sadness.
B) The cause of illness.
C) The sickness rate.
D) The rate of death.
E) All of the above.

Question 11

Which of the following trends is most likely to strain health care delivery systems and Social Security system in future years?

A) Increasing proportion of elderly in the population.
B) Increasing size of the Hispanic population.
C) Medical tourism.
D) Reemergence of infectious diseases.
E) All of the above.

Question 12

________________ has been found to make women particularly vulnerable to psychological distress.

A) Lack of control.
B) Astrological patterns.
C) Climate change.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 13

________________ is the leading cause of death for women after age 66

A) Osteoporosis.
B) Cancer.
C) Heart disease.
D) Injuries.
E) Suicide.

Question 14

Compared to women, men usually have substantial health inferiority in terms of life expectancy because of the combination of two major effects: biological and ___________ effects.

A) Physical exertion.
B) Developmental.
C) Social-psychological
D) Environmental.
E) Marital.

Question 15

By 2030 it is projected that _______ of all Americans will be 65 or older.

A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 20%
D) 25%
E) 30%

Question 16

What is most prevalent health problem of persons over the age of 65?

A) Heart disease.
B) Stroke.
C) Cancer.
D) Hypertension.
E) Arthritis.

Question 17

For all causes of death, _____________ have the highest death rates.

A) Whites.
B) Non-Hispanic blacks.
C) Hispanics.
D) Asians/Pacific Islanders.
E) American Indians/Alaskan Natives.

Question 18

The elderly population will depend on ________________ to keep them fit.

A) Pensions.
B) Social Security.
C) Medicare.
D) Medicaid.
E) Medihealth.

Question 19

In 2010, the average infant in the U.S. could expect to live for ______ years.

A) 47.3
B) 65.2
C) 78.7
D) 85.8
E) 88.4

Question 20

In 2008, a nationwide study of mortality in the United States revealed that life expectancy for part of the nation's women had ___________ significantly between 1983 and 1999.

A) Stagnated.
B) Fluctuated.
C) Remained the same.
D) Increased.
E) Decreased.

Question 21

Studies of self-rated health typically show women rating their own health less positively than men do.

Question 22

Prior to 1979, Hispanics were counted as either white or black and not as a separate racial category by the National Center for Health Statistics.

Question 23

The downturn in female life expectancy was due to a rise in mortality from chronic diseases related to smoking, obesity, and high blood pressure.

Question 24

Accidents cause more deaths among females than males.

Question 25

Although white females live longer than white males, black males live longer than black females.

Question 26

Suicide is a major health concern for which minority group?

A) Non-Hispanic whites.
B) Non-Hispanic blacks.
C) Hispanics.
D) Asians/Pacific Islanders.
E) American Indians/Alaskan Natives.

Question 27

__________ represents the convergence of biological factors with geographic origins, and cultural, economic, political, and legal factors.

A) Race.
B) Age.
C) Ethnicity.
D) Gender.
E) None of the above.

Question 28

Patterns are emerging that show Americans moving toward greater inequality in mortality between the sexes.

Question 29

For all causes of death, _____________ have the lowest death rates.

A) Non-Hispanic whites.
B) Non-Hispanic blacks.
C) Hispanics.
D) Asians/Pacific Islanders.
E) American Indians/Alaskan Natives.

Question 30

A 2008 study found a decline in female life expectancy. The decline was most common in urban, low-income female populations.

Question 31

What is the "intra-racial network effect?"

A) It says that there is no difference in STDs across different racial groups.
B) It discusses how health is improved by cross-cultural alliances and relationships.
C) The IRNE is a theory, which says that Hispanics are more likely to have an STD due to their residence in enclaves.
D) It asserts that because of cross-cultural sex partners, STDs are spreading.
E) It suggests that segregation contributes to the high rate of STDs in the black population.

Question 32

The lives of men and women used to be more predictable in that men typically behaved in certain distinct ways and women in others.

Question 33

Many lowincome individuals are obese; however _____________ have the highest rate.

A) Non-Hispanic whites.
B) Non-Hispanic blacks.
C) Hispanics.
D) Asians/Pacific Islanders.
E) American Indians/Alaskan Natives.

Question 34

A decline in female life expectancy is expected in the wealthiest countries, with the highest spending on health care.

Question 35

There is an inverse relationship between mortality and morbidity when gender differences are considered.

Question 36

What minority group is most likely to use hospital emergency rooms as their primary source of medical services?

A) Non-Hispanic whites.
B) Non-Hispanic blacks.
C) Hispanics.
D) Asians/Pacific Islanders.
E) American Indians/Alaskan Natives.

Question 37

Women tend to suffer from more frequent illnesses and disability, but their usual health disorders are not as serious or as life threatening as those encountered by men

Question 38

The current trend in the United States is toward a decrease in smoking for females, but an increase for males.

Question 39

_______________ are the largest minority group in American society.

A) Non-Hispanic whites.
B) Non-Hispanic blacks.
C) Hispanics.
D) Asians/Pacific Islanders.
E) American Indians/Alaskan Natives.

Question 40

A major factor causing the infant mortality difference between blacks and whites is:

A) Sanitation.
B) Health care.
C) Poverty.
D) Education.
E) Insurance.

Question 41

Typically, older people rate their health in a negative fashion

Question 42

Obesity adversely affects physical and psychological well-being.

Question 43

What health care changes should be expected resulting from our aging population?

Question 44

Hispanic immigrants are generally in poor health when they arrive in the United States.

Question 45

Projections for 2015 put the number of elderly at around 47 million.

Question 46

Various hypotheses have been suggested to explain the rates of hypertension in African Americans. Six are discussed in this chapter. Identify these hypotheses and discuss their validity.

Question 47

Discuss patterns of morbidity and mortality between blacks, whites, Hispanics, and Asians.

Question 48

The adverse health situation of black Americans identifies a pattern that is generally produced by biological, not socioeconomic factors.

Question 49

American Indians have an exceptionally high prevalence of alcoholism.

Question 50

What is the "Hispanic paradox?" Provide a thorough explanation, examples of this phenomenon, and discuss what makes it less of a paradox.

Question 51

Discuss the relationship between gender and overall health.

Question 52

It appears that Hispanics have lower rates of smoking than either non-Hispanic whites or blacks.

Question 53

Perceptions of racism and racial harassment are associated with poor health.