Question 1

About _____________ Americans die each year from smoking-related diseases.

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 440,000 Americans die each year from smoking-related diseases, making it the leading cause of preventable death in the United States.

Question 2

Some research suggests that the _____________ hypothesis and the psychological stress hypothesis contribute the most to providing an answer for the higher prevalence of hypertension in blacks, since blacks in general have higher rates of hypertension than whites.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 3

What is the "fertility rate"?

Accepted Answer

The fertility rate is the number of births per women of childbearing age. It is typically calculated by dividing the total number of live births in a population by the total number of women of reproductive age (usually between 15-49 years old) and then multiplying the result by 1,000. This helps to provide a measure of the potential for population growth or decline based on the number of children being born to women in a particular area.

Question 4

_____________babies die more often than _________________ babies.

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that male babies have a higher mortality rate than female babies.

Question 5

The _____________ hypothesis asserts that blacks are more prone to diseases such as pyelonephritis and syphilis that may result in secondary hypertension.

Accepted Answer

The "Associated disorder" hypothesis suggests that certain diseases, which are more prevalent in blacks, may lead to secondary hypertension.

Question 6

Which racial group in the United States is especially disadvantaged in regard to health?

Accepted Answer

Non-Hispanic blacks are especially disadvantaged in regard to health in the United States. They experience higher rates of chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease, and have higher mortality rates compared to other racial groups. They also have less access to quality healthcare, face discrimination in healthcare settings, and experience barriers to healthcare due to lack of health insurance or transportation.

Question 7

What has been the general pattern in life expectancy during the 20th century with respect to men and women?

Accepted Answer

Women gained more than men in the first half of the century but since then men have made greater gains and the gap is narrowing.

Question 8

Many elderly rate their health as good despite the health problems that often accompany aging. What does this phenomenon suggest about the usefulness of self-rated heath as a tool to measure health?

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon suggests that many elderly rate their health as good if they can perform their usual daily activities successfully, regardless of potential health problems. This supports the usefulness of self-rated health as a tool to measure overall health, but also suggests that it should be used in conjunction with objective measures and clinical evaluations. It also supports the idea that just surviving to old age without serious illness or disability is evidence of good health. However, it also suggests that self-rated health may not always be accurate and should be used with caution. Therefore, both options B and C are correct. Option A is incorrect as it is too extreme to say that it should not be used at all.

Question 9

The most dangerous job in the United States is that of a:

Accepted Answer

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, logging workers had the highest rate of fatal injuries among all occupations in the United States in 2019, making it the most dangerous job.

Question 10

Morbidity is:

Accepted Answer

Morbidity refers to the incidence or prevalence of illness or disease in a population. It is the sickness rate, not the cause of illness, sadness, or the rate of death. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Question 11

Which of the following trends is most likely to strain health care delivery systems and Social Security system in future years?

Accepted Answer

As the population ages, there will be an increased demand for health care services and a greater strain on Social Security systems.

Question 12

________________ has been found to make women particularly vulnerable to psychological distress.

Accepted Answer

Lack of control has been found to make women particularly vulnerable to psychological distress, according to research studies. The other options, astrological patterns and climate change, do not have significant evidence to support that they cause vulnerability to psychological distress in women.

Question 13

________________ is the leading cause of death for women after age 66

Accepted Answer

Heart disease is the leading cause of death for women after age 66, accounting for nearly 1 in 4 deaths. Cancer is the leading cause of death for women under 65. Osteoporosis, injuries, and suicide are not among the leading causes of death for women overall.

Question 14

Compared to women, men usually have substantial health inferiority in terms of life expectancy because of the combination of two major effects: biological and ___________ effects.

Accepted Answer

Social-psychological factors, such as risky behavior, reluctance to seek medical help, and reluctance to adhere to medical regimens, are major contributors to men's health inferiority. Biological factors, such as genetics and hormones, also play a role. However, physical exertion, developmental, environmental, and marital factors do not have as significant of an impact on men's health compared to social-psychological factors.

Question 15

By 2030 it is projected that _______ of all Americans will be 65 or older.

Accepted Answer

According to the United States Census Bureau, the percentage of Americans aged 65 and older is projected to reach 20% by 2030. This is due to a combination of factors such as advances in medical technology leading to longer lifespans, and the aging of the baby boomer generation.

Question 16

What is most prevalent health problem of persons over the age of 65?

Accepted Answer

Arthritis is the most prevalent health problem among persons over the age of 65. It is estimated that around 50% of older adults experience arthritis symptoms, which can significantly impact their mobility and quality of life. While other conditions like heart disease and cancer may also be prevalent in this age group, arthritis is the most common.

Question 17

For all causes of death, _____________ have the highest death rates.

Accepted Answer

Non-Hispanic blacks have consistently had the highest death rates for all causes of death compared to other racial and ethnic groups. This disparity is attributed to various factors including differences in access to healthcare, socioeconomic status, and environmental factors, among others.

Question 18

The elderly population will depend on ________________ to keep them fit.

Accepted Answer

Medicare is a government-funded program that provides health insurance for individuals who are 65 years or older, as well as those who have certain disabilities. This insurance coverage includes preventative services such as annual physical exams, screenings for chronic conditions, and access to medical specialists. With the support of Medicare, elderly individuals can maintain a healthy lifestyle and manage any health conditions they may have.

Question 19

In 2010, the average infant in the U.S. could expect to live for ______ years.

Accepted Answer

According to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2010 the life expectancy for an infant in the United States was 78.7 years.

Question 20

In 2008, a nationwide study of mortality in the United States revealed that life expectancy for part of the nation's women had ___________ significantly between 1983 and 1999.

Accepted Answer

The study found that life expectancy for part of the nation's women had decreased significantly between 1983 and 1999, highlighting a concerning trend in public health for that demographic during that period.

Quiz 4: The Social Demography of Health: Gender, Age, and Race