Question 1

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The conflict was fueled by the desire to control territory in the New World, which was believed to be rich in resources and potential wealth. The French Protestants had established a colony in the area, which threatened Spanish claims to Florida and their potential profits from the region. The Spanish saw the French as trespassers and heretics, making the conflict more intense.

Question 2

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The encounter described in the passage led to an increased intermixing of culture in the Americas. Columbus took native people by force to learn their language and gather information about the area, which suggests a desire to understand and communicate with the native people. This encounter eventually led to the exchange of goods, ideas, and people between Europe and the Americas, contributing to a blending of cultures. The other three answer choices are not supported by the passage.

Question 3

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The introduction of slave labor and the encomienda system had a significant impact on the development of the economy during this time period, as it allowed Europeans to exploit the labor of native peoples and establish profitable plantations and mining operations. The passage indicates that the land was "rich for planting and sowing, for breeding of cattle of all sorts, for building of towns and villages," and that there were "great mines of gold and other metals," which would have been valuable resources to exploit through labor. Additionally, Columbus himself notes that he took some natives by force to "learn [his] speech" and provide information, indicating a desire to gain knowledge and control over the indigenous populations.

Question 4

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The excerpt highlights the Spanish conquest with a focus on the destruction and killing of the native populations. This led to debates over how "civilized" the natives were and whether they deserved to be treated as human beings. The passage does not mention any growth in republican notions of self-government, increasing immigration from the old world to the new world, or increasing political autonomy for natives.

Question 5

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The excerpt mentions that early European visitors to Africa had the advantage of witnessing African religion first hand during the period of the slave trade, despite their hostility towards it. This sustained contact between Africans and Europeans during the early colonial period likely led to significant alterations in worldviews of politics, religion, and culture.

Question 6

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The excerpt is describing the actions of the Spanish in the Americas, which occurred during the same time period as the Spanish and Portuguese conquest of the Americas. Option B is partially correct, as the acquisition of gold did contribute to the rise of capitalism in Europe, but it does not directly relate to the events described in the excerpt. Options C and D are incorrect, as the Atlantic slave trade did not decline until centuries later, and Europeans did not generally accept the political autonomy of Native Americans during this time period.

Question 7

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The passage reflects the spread of maize culture in North America prior to the Encounter, as the natives already had maize and were only not planting it due to recent crop failures. The passage does not mention European desire for wealth, new crops from Europe, or technological improvements introduced by Europeans.

Question 8

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The passage mentions that many European visitors, especially missionaries, were hostile to African religious ideas and practices, which caused them to misrepresent African religion. This suggests that European analyses of African culture were likely to emphasize cultural and religious differences as justification for the slave trade.

Question 9

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The passage describes a situation where Native Americans did not sow maize due to fear of crop failure from drought, indicating a misunderstanding or lack of communication between them and the Europeans, rather than issues related to labor systems, language translation, or contact per se.

Question 10

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 11

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 12

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 13

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 14

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 15

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 16

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 17

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 18

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 19

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 20

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 21

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 22

The following questions refer to the image below.

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division[LC-USZC4-5267]
An engraving by John White,Secotan,an Algonquian village,ca.1585
Based on the forms of agriculture and dwelling places depicted here,the Native Americans in this engraving most likely lived

A) in the American Great Plains.
B) in the American Pacific Northwest.
C) in the American Southwest.
D) in the American Northeast.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the image...

Question 23

The following questions refer to the image below.

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division[LC-USZC4-5267]
An engraving by John White,Secotan,an Algonquian village,ca.1585
The engraving could be used to dispute which of the following claims?

A) Native Americans had advanced understandings of agriculture at the time of contact with Europeans.
B) Native Americans had the resources necessary to establish permanent villages at the time of contact.
C) Native American cultures lived an exclusively mobile lifestyle at the time of contact with Europeans.
D) Native American cultures tended to favor permanent villages at the time of contact with Europeans.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the image...

Question 24

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 25

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
Which of the following historical concepts was most closely associated with the passage?

A) Spanish conquest was aided by epidemics that destroyed large segments of the population.
B) Indians in the western Great Plains were forced to develop mobile lifestyles because of changes in available natural resources.
C) African slaves were replaced by Indians as a source of forced labor.
D) New crops from Europe often flourished in the western hemisphere.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 26

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 27

The following questions refer to the image below.

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division[LC-USZC4-5267]
An engraving by John White,Secotan,an Algonquian village,ca.1585
Based on the forms of agriculture and dwelling places depicted here,the Native Americans in this engraving most likely lived

A) in the American Great Plains.
B) in the American Pacific Northwest.
C) in the American Southwest.
D) in the American Northeast.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the image...

Question 28

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 29

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 30

The following questions refer to the image below.

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division[LC-USZC4-5267]
An engraving by John White,Secotan,an Algonquian village,ca.1585
Which of the following factors played the most significant role in the development of the Native social and economic structures pictured here?

A) The presence of European explorers
B) The environment
C) The Columbian Exchange
D) The rise of Christianity

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the image...

Question 31

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
Which of the following historical concepts was most closely associated with the passage?

A) Spanish conquest was aided by epidemics that destroyed large segments of the population.
B) Indians in the western Great Plains were forced to develop mobile lifestyles because of changes in available natural resources.
C) African slaves were replaced by Indians as a source of forced labor.
D) New crops from Europe often flourished in the western hemisphere.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 32

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
One of the most significant effects of the trends described in this passage was

A) the growth of the trans-Atlantic slave trade.
B) the growth of joint-stock companies in Europe.
C) Native American socioeconomic adaptations to the changing environment.
D) a decline in hostility between cultural groups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 33

The following questions refer to the image below.

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division[LC-USZC4-5267]
An engraving by John White,Secotan,an Algonquian village,ca.1585
Which of the following factors played the most significant role in the development of the Native social and economic structures pictured here?

A) The presence of European explorers
B) The environment
C) The Columbian Exchange
D) The rise of Christianity

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the image...

Question 34

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
One of the most significant effects of the trends described in this passage was

A) the growth of the trans-Atlantic slave trade.
B) the growth of joint-stock companies in Europe.
C) Native American socioeconomic adaptations to the changing environment.
D) a decline in hostility between cultural groups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 35

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
One of the most significant effects of the trends described in this passage was

A) the growth of the trans-Atlantic slave trade.
B) the growth of joint-stock companies in Europe.
C) Native American socioeconomic adaptations to the changing environment.
D) a decline in hostility between cultural groups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 36

The following questions refer to the image below.

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division[LC-USZC4-5267]
An engraving by John White,Secotan,an Algonquian village,ca.1585
Europeans who encountered societies like those seen in the engraving tended to view them as

A) partners in the Atlantic slave trade.
B) sovereign states with control over the territory in the New World.
C) fundamentally inferior based on theories of race and culture.
D) a significant diplomatic resource to help ease European settlement amidst Native tribes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the image...

Question 37

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
One of the most significant effects of the trends described in this passage was

A) the growth of the trans-Atlantic slave trade.
B) the growth of joint-stock companies in Europe.
C) Native American socioeconomic adaptations to the changing environment.
D) a decline in hostility between cultural groups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 38

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
Which of the following historical concepts was most closely associated with the passage?

A) Spanish conquest was aided by epidemics that destroyed large segments of the population.
B) Indians in the western Great Plains were forced to develop mobile lifestyles because of changes in available natural resources.
C) African slaves were replaced by Indians as a source of forced labor.
D) New crops from Europe often flourished in the western hemisphere.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 39

The following questions refer to the image below.

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division[LC-USZC4-5267]
An engraving by John White,Secotan,an Algonquian village,ca.1585
Which of the following factors played the most significant role in the development of the Native social and economic structures pictured here?

A) The presence of European explorers
B) The environment
C) The Columbian Exchange
D) The rise of Christianity

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the image...

Question 40

The following questions refer to the image below.

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division[LC-USZC4-5267]
An engraving by John White,Secotan,an Algonquian village,ca.1585
Based on the forms of agriculture and dwelling places depicted here,the Native Americans in this engraving most likely lived

A) in the American Great Plains.
B) in the American Pacific Northwest.
C) in the American Southwest.
D) in the American Northeast.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the image...

Question 41

Historians have debated the costs and benefits of the European encounter with Native Americans in the period from 1491-1607.To what degree was the encounter positive,and to what degree was the encounter negative?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Historians have debated the costs and benefits...

Question 42

&#34;Now compare these [Spanish] traits of prudence,intelligence,magnanimity,moderation,humanity,and religion with the qualities of these little men (hombrecillos)in whom you will scarcely fine even vestiges of humanity;who not only are devoid of learning but do not even have a written language;who preserve no monuments of their history,aside from some vague and obscure reminiscence of past events,represented by means of certain paintings;and who have no written laws but only barbaric customs and institutions.And if we are to speak of virtues,what moderation or mildness can you expect of men who are given to all kings of intemperance and wicked lusts,and who eat human flesh?&#10;And do not believe that before the coming of the Christians they lived in that peaceful reign of Saturn that the poets describe;on the contrary,they waged continuous and ferocious war against each other,with such fury that they considered a victory hardly worthwhile if they did not glut their monstrous hunger with the flesh of their enemies,a ferocity all the more repellent since it was not joined to the invincible valor of the Scythians,who also ate human flesh.For the rest,these Indians are so cowardly that they almost run at the sight of our soldiers,and frequently thousands of them have fled like women before a very few Spaniards,numbering less than a hundred&#8230;.&#34;&#10;Juan Gin&#233;s de Sep&#250;lveda,The Nature of Natives,1550&#10;&#34;There was a custom among the Spaniards that one person,appointed by the captain,should be in charge of distributing to each Spaniard the food and other things the Indians gave.And while the captain was thus on his mare and the others mounted on theirs,and the father himself was observing how the bread and fish were distributed,a Spaniard,in whom the devil is thought to have clothed himself,suddenly drew his sword.Then the whole hundred drew theirs and began to rip open the bellies,to cut and kill those lambs-men,women,children,and old folk,all of whom were seated,off guard and frightened,watching the mares and the Spaniards.And within two credos,not a man of all of them there remains alive.&#10;The Spaniards enter the large house nearby,for this was happening at its door,and in the same way,with cuts and stabs,begin to kill as many as they found there,so that a stream of blood was running,as if a great number of cows had perished.Some of the Indians who could make haste climbed up the poles and woodwork of the house to the top,and thus escaped.&#34;&#10;&#160;&#10;Bartolom&#233; de las Casas,History of the Indies,1552&#10;Using the excerpts above,answer parts a,b,and c.&#10;a)Briefly explain ONE major difference between the opinions of de las Casas and Sep&#250;lveda.&#10;b)Briefly explain ONE development in the period from 1491 to 1607 that could be used to support the opinions of Sep&#250;lveda.&#10;c)Briefly explain ONE development in the period from 1491 to 1607 that could be used to support the opinions of de las Casas.

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#34;Now compare these [Spanish] traits of prudence,intelligence,magnanimity,moderation,humanity,and...

Question 43

Answer parts a,b,and c.&#10;a)Various labor sources were used by Europeans to develop the New World.These included:&#10;- European laborers&#10;- African slaves&#10;- Native American slaves&#10;Choose ONE of the labor sources and briefly explain how Europeans used that group to advance their colonies.&#10;b)Briefly explain ONE historical change or outcome of the use of one labor source.&#10;c)Briefly explain,citing a specific historical example,ONE way in which some Europeans responded critically to the use of one labor source.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Answer parts a,b,and c.&#10;a)Various labor sources were...

Question 44

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
Which of the following historical concepts was most closely associated with the passage?

A) Spanish conquest was aided by epidemics that destroyed large segments of the population.
B) Indians in the western Great Plains were forced to develop mobile lifestyles because of changes in available natural resources.
C) African slaves were replaced by Indians as a source of forced labor.
D) New crops from Europe often flourished in the western hemisphere.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 45

Answer parts a,b,and c.&#10;a)The following items had a great impact on the development of the New World in this time period (1491-1607):&#10;- Intense European rivalries&#10;- Introduction of slavery into the Americas&#10;- Changes in technology&#10;Choose ONE of the items above and briefly explain the impact it had on the development of the New World between 1491 and 1607.&#10;b)Choose the ONE item from the list above that you think had the GREATEST IMPACT and briefly explain one piece of evidence which supports that idea.&#10;c)Briefly explain ONE way in which Europeans responded to the challenge of settlement in the New World.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Answer parts a,b,and c.&#10;a)The following items had...

Question 46

In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support your argument with evidence,using specific examples.
•Apply historical thinking skills as directed by the question.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or connects it to a different category of analysis.
Evaluate the extent to which European contact with Native Americans altered and continued worldviews of Native Americans and Europeans from 1491 to 1607.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In your response you should do the...

Question 47

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 48

In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support your argument with evidence,using specific examples.
•Apply historical thinking skills as directed by the question.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or connects it to a different category of analysis.
Evaluate the extent to which European contact with Native Americans altered and continued worldviews of Native Americans and Europeans from 1491 to 1607.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In your response you should do the...

Question 49

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
The phrase,"The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate," signifies a historical thinking skill most commonly referred to as

A) Periodization.
B) Interpretation.
C) Synthesis.
D) Analyzing Evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 50

Compare and contrast views of European expansion in the Americas in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.Evaluate how differences in worldview shaped these views.&#10;   &#10;   &#10;   &#10;   &#10;   &#10;   &#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast views of European expansion...

Question 51

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
Which of the following historical concepts was most closely associated with the passage?

A) Spanish conquest was aided by epidemics that destroyed large segments of the population.
B) Indians in the western Great Plains were forced to develop mobile lifestyles because of changes in available natural resources.
C) African slaves were replaced by Indians as a source of forced labor.
D) New crops from Europe often flourished in the western hemisphere.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 52

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The late sixteenth and early seventeenth century were the time of what has been called the "little ice age" in the northern hemisphere,making it an inauspicious period for the founding of colonies. The little ice age is given various beginning and ending dates by historians of climate,most making it as broad as from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. Because there was no unbroken run of cold winters and cool,wet summers,experts disagree about the outer limits of the period,but all agree that its greatest intensity was felt between 1550 and 1700. Severest winter cold and least summer warmth occurred in the 1590s,the first decade of the seventeenth century,the 1640s,and the last decade of the seventeenth century. The global mean temperature for the period was probably about one degree centigrade lower than in the relatively warm period from 1890 to 1950."
Historian Karen Ordahl Kuperman,
"The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period"
Which of the following historical concepts was most closely associated with the passage?

A) Spanish conquest was aided by epidemics that destroyed large segments of the population.
B) Indians in the western Great Plains were forced to develop mobile lifestyles because of changes in available natural resources.
C) African slaves were replaced by Indians as a source of forced labor.
D) New crops from Europe often flourished in the western hemisphere.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the excerpt...

Question 53

Answer parts a,b,and c.&#10;a)Identify and briefly explain one POSITIVE result of contact between Europeans and Americans in the period between 1491 and 1607.&#10;b)Identify and briefly explain one NEGATIVE result of contact between Europeans and Americans in the period between 1491 and 1607.&#10;c)Citing a specific historical example,briefly explain how Indians or Africans in the new world attempted to preserve their own identity or autonomy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Answer parts a,b,and c.&#10;a)Identify and briefly explain...

Deck 1: New World Beginnings