Deck 8: Relating and Organizing

Question 1

Performing a process analysis involves these two basic steps:

A)identifying the process and defining all its parts.
B)dividing the process into stages and testing each stage.
C)identifying the process and explaining the movement of the process through its parts.
D)dividing the process into stages and explaining the movement of the process through its stages.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Much of critical thinking involves a process where you take a problem, break it down into its component parts and then analyze how the parts connect.This type of thinking is referred to as

A)causal relationships.
B)comparative relationships.
C)chronological relationships.
D)process relationships.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The world is not a static environment.On the contrary, we are active participants in composing the world around us through our perceptions.The goal of this composing process is to organize your world into meaningful patterns that will help you to deal more effectively with your environment.Composing your world involves all the following activities except

A)Believing
B)Symbolizing
C)Controlling
D)Conceptualizing

Answer 3

C

Question 4

When you study for a test, you get a good grade.When you get a good grade, your family is proud of you.When your family is proud of you, you feel better about yourself.When you feel better about yourself, you perform better at work.This is an example of

A)interactive causes.
B)contributory causes
C)a causal chain.
D)interlocking causes.

Question 5

An analogy is a comparison between things that are basically dissimilar made for the purpose of illuminating our understanding of the things being compared.

Question 6

An explicit comparison between two basically dissimilar things made for the purpose of illuminating our understanding of the things being compared is referred to as a(n)

A)comparative relationship.
B)simile.
C)causal relationship.
D)metaphor.

Question 7

Performing a process analysis involves two basic steps.The first step is to list as many contributory factors as possible to eliminate their affect.The second step is to break the process down into its component parts.

Question 8

The oldest and most universal form of comparative analysis is the narrative, a way of thinking and communicating in which someone tells a story about experiences he or she has had.

Question 9

Cognitively relating and organizing concepts can be broken down into three types of relationships. What are they?

A)Personal, Emotional, and Chronological
B)Personal, Hierarchical, and Subliminal
C)Comparative, Theoretical, and Emotional
D)Comparative, Chronological, and Causal

Question 10

The process mode of thinking organizes an activity into a series of steps necessary for reaching a certain goal.

Question 11

The author lists five stages of "normal grieving." All of the following are stages of grieving except

A)anger
B)denial and isolation
C)frustration
D)depression

Question 12

Have you ever lost your keys? What do you do? You go back to a time when you last had your keys, and then you go through all the things you did in order to determine where you might have put your keys.This process is known as

A)analogical pattern of thinking
B)causal pattern of thinking
C)chronological pattern of thinking
D)comparative pattern of thinking

Question 13

The pattern of thinking organizes something into a series of events in the sequence in which they occurred.

A)chronological
B)causal
C)critical
D)comparative

Question 14

When making comparisons there are two major pitfalls that you should avoid.The pitfalls are

A)incomplete and selective comparisons.
B)erroneous and unsubstantiated comparisons.
C)hasty and frivolous comparisons.
D)unsubstantiated and hasty comparisons.

Question 15

A simile is an implied comparison between basically dissimilar things made for the purpose of illuminating our understanding of the things being compared.

Question 16

Have you ever purchased a car? What process do you normally use in selecting the "right" car for you?

A)Analogical relationships
B)Causal relationships
C)Financial relationships
D)Comparative relationships

Question 17

Let's assume that a driver is headed for work on a Monday morning.All of a sudden, she is cut off by another driver, which makes her very angry.She decides to chase the person that cut her off and give that other driver a "piece of her mind." While weaving in and out of traffic to catch her aggressor, the woman is picked up by a police officer's radar and pulled over for speeding and driving recklessly.This is an example of

A)stupidity.
B)interactive causes.
C)chain reaction.
D)irrational cognition.

Question 18

A comparison between things that are basically dissimilar made for the purpose of illuminating our understanding of the things being compared is called a(n)

A)causal relationship
B)analogy
C)comparative study
D)allegory

Question 19

patterns of thinking involve relating events in terms of the influence or effect they have on one another.

A)Describing
B)Causal
C)Analogical
D)Comparative

Question 20

A famous quote from Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet states that "Juliet is the sun!" This is an example of a(n)

A)metaphor
B)simile
C)comparative relationship
D)causal relationship

Question 21

In the process of mourning, sometimes at one stage the masking effects of denial and isolation begin to wear, and reality and its pain reemerge.We are not ready.The intense emotion is deflected from our vulnerable core, redirected, and expressed instead as anger.

Question 22

"Dawn breaks open like a wound that bleeds a fresh" is an example of a(n) .

Question 23

The author presents three basic kinds of relationships: chronological and process, comparative and analogical, and causal.Choose any one these relationships and consider how its absence might make it harder to make sense of the world.What specific ways of organizing would be missing? What effect might that have on our ability to actively participate in composing our world?

Question 24

The pattern of thinking that organizes something into a series of events in the sequence in which they occurred is called _.

Question 25

Analogies have two parts: an original subject and a connected subject.

Question 26

modes of thinking relate things in the same general category in terms of their similarities and differences.

Question 27

Denial and isolation, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance all steps in what process?

Question 28

To understand and explain how an organ like the heart, liver or brain functions, you have to describe its complex, relationships with all the other parts of your biological system.

Question 29

In a cause and effect relationship you normally have a situation in which a number of different causes are instrumental in bringing something about.Instead of working in isolation, each cause contributes to bringing about the final effect.This condition is known as a causal chain.

Question 30

When causes act simultaneously to produce an effect, you have a situation where a number of different causes are instrumental in bringing something about.Instead of working in isolation, each cause to bringing about the final effect.

Question 31

According to the author, every human culture has used narratives to pass on values and traditions from one generation to another as exemplified by famous works like the Odyssey or the Bible.Why do you think this is true? What characteristics of a narrative make it the ideal instrument to pass on traditions? How does a narrative qualify as a chronological relationship?

Question 32

Selective comparisons are a problem because they occur when you take a one-sided view of a comparison situation.

Question 33

Describe a situation of cause and effect from your life or from someone else's life.Which pattern does your example fit best: causal chain, contributory cause, or interactive cause? Explain and support your answer in detail.

Question 34

An implied comparison between basically dissimilar things made for the purpose of illuminating our understanding of the things being compared is referred to as a(n)
.

Question 35

When making comparisons, there are two pitfalls you should try to avoid: and
comparisons.

Question 36

In a(n) pattern of causes, different factors can relate to one another through reciprocal influences that flow back and forth from one to the other.

Question 37

In the section of your textbook referred to as "Process Relationships," the author discusses the five steps in the normal grieving process.List the five steps and briefly explain each one.Finally, explain how this is a process relationship and why it is imperative that the steps happen in a particular order.

Question 38

The main goal of an analogy is not to choose or decide but to illuminate our understanding.How do analogies illuminate our understanding? What is it about analogies that stimulate the brain in such an effective manner?

Question 39

Causes can act simultaneously to cause an effect.

Question 40

Stated very simply, a is anything that is responsible for bringing about something else; usually termed the effect.