Question 1

During _____, the anticodons from tRNA attach to the mRNA via complementary base pairing&#10;A)meiosis&#10;B)mitosis&#10;C)transcription&#10;D)translation

Accepted Answer

During translation, the genetic code in mRNA is decoded to produce a specific amino acid sequence. This is done by the anticodons on tRNA pairing with the codons on mRNA through complementary base pairing. Therefore, option D, translation, is the correct answer. Meiosis and mitosis are not involved in gene expression, and transcription is the process of making RNA from DNA, which occurs before translation. During translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA codons and the anticodons from tRNA attach to the mRNA via complementary base pairing to deliver the corresponding amino acid. Meiosis and mitosis are processes involved in cell division, and transcription is the process of creating an RNA copy of a DNA sequence.

Question 2

The interaction between nutrients and _____ is known as nutritional genomics&#10;A)the genotype&#10;B)phenotypes&#10;C)the genome&#10;D)genetics

Accepted Answer

Nutritional genomics is the study of how nutrients interact with the genome, which is the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.

Question 3

_____ are small proteins around which DNA is wrapped and can be modified by methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation&#10;A)Alleles&#10;B)Codons&#10;C)Histones&#10;D)Nucleotides

Accepted Answer

Histones are the small proteins around which DNA is wrapped and can be modified by methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation. Alleles represent different versions of a gene, codons are the three-letter sequences of nucleotides that encode for specific amino acids in a protein, and nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA. Histones are small proteins that DNA is wrapped around to form nucleosomes, which make up the structure of chromatin. Histones can be modified by different chemical groups such as methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation, which can affect gene expression and have been linked to various diseases.

Question 4

Which of the following disorders are extremely rare, occurring only in males as a result of the inheritance of mutations in the Y chromosome from the father?&#10;A)X-linked disorders&#10;B)X-linked dominant disorders&#10;C)recessive disorders&#10;D)Y-linked disorders

Accepted Answer

Y-linked disorders are extremely rare and occur only in males as they are caused by the inheritance of mutations in the Y chromosome from the father. X-linked disorders occur when the gene is located on the X chromosome and can be inherited by both males and females, while X-linked dominant disorders are inherited on the X chromosome and affect both males and females but are expressed differently. Recessive disorders can be inherited from both parents and affect males and females equally. Y-linked disorders are caused by mutations in genes located on the Y chromosome and are only inherited by males from their fathers. Since females do not have a Y chromosome, they cannot inherit Y-linked disorders. X-linked disorders, on the other hand, are caused by mutations in genes located on the X chromosome and can be inherited by both males and females, although males are typically more severely affected due to only having one X chromosome. X-linked dominant disorders and recessive disorders are also caused by mutations in genes located on the X chromosome, but they can be inherited by both males and females as well.

Question 5

During _____, DNA unwinds in the area encoding the gene of interest and the code is copied&#10;A)meiosis&#10;B)mitosis&#10;C)transcription&#10;D)translation

Accepted Answer

During transcription, the DNA unwinds in the area encoding the gene of interest and is used as a template to create a complementary mRNA molecule through base pairing. This mRNA molecule is then used in translation to create a protein. Meiosis and mitosis are cell division processes and do not directly involve gene expression. Transcription is the process of copying the genetic information stored in DNA into RNA. The unwinding of DNA occurs in the area encoding the gene of interest, and an RNA polymerase enzyme reads the DNA template and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand. This process occurs during transcription, not during meiosis or mitosis which are cell division processes, or during translation which is the process of converting the RNA code into a protein.

Question 6

One example of an autosomal recessive trait with nutritional implications is:&#10;A)phenylketonuria.&#10;B)familial hypercholesterolemia.&#10;C)LDL dysfunction.&#10;D)diabetes mellitus.

Accepted Answer

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disorder that affects the body's ability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine. Individuals with PKU must follow a strict low-phenylalanine diet, as high levels of this amino acid can lead to intellectual disability and other neurological problems. Therefore, PKU has significant nutritional implications, as individuals with the disorder must carefully monitor their intake of protein, especially in the form of phenylalanine. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disorder that affects the body's ability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine. Individuals with PKU need to follow a strict low-phenylalanine diet to prevent cognitive impairment and other complications. This demonstrates the nutritional implications of an autosomal recessive trait. The other options do not have a direct nutritional implication.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a primary component of nucleotides?&#10;A)purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base&#10;B)carboxyl group&#10;C)ribose&#10;D)phosphate group

Accepted Answer

The primary components of nucleotides include a purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base, a sugar molecule (ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA), and a phosphate group. The carboxyl group is not a component of nucleotides. The primary components of nucleotides are a nitrogenous base (either a purine or pyrimidine), a five-carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), and a phosphate group. The carboxyl group is not a component of nucleotides.

Question 8

Chemicals that are found in an organism but are not produced by it or expected to be there, such as drugs or pollutants, are called:&#10;A)probiotics.&#10;B)prebiotics.&#10;C)antibiotics.&#10;D)xenobiotics.

Accepted Answer

Xenobiotics are chemicals that are foreign to an organism and not produced by it. They can include drugs, pollutants, or other unnatural substances that may have harmful effects on the organism. Probiotics and prebiotics are types of bacteria, and antibiotics are drugs used to kill bacteria. Xenobiotics are chemicals that are foreign to an organism and are not expected to be present. They can include drugs, pollutants, and other substances that are not naturally produced by the organism. Probiotics and prebiotics are both types of substances that are intentionally introduced into an organism, while antibiotics specifically refer to drugs that are used to kill bacteria.

Question 9

How many pairs of chromosomes are found in humans?&#10;A)23&#10;B)27&#10;C)13&#10;D)29

Accepted Answer

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes.

Question 10

A group of genes that work in concert to produce a specific phenotype is termed a(n):&#10;A)haplotype.&#10;B)geneotype.&#10;C)karyotype.&#10;D)allele.

Accepted Answer

A group of genes that work together to produce a specific phenotype is called a haplotype. Haplotypes are groups of alleles located on the same chromosome that are inherited together. A haplotype is a group of genes inherited together from one parent that work together to produce a specific phenotype.

Question 11

_____ relates to the pattern of gene expression regulated by modification of DNA&#10;A)The Human Genome Project&#10;B)Genetics&#10;C)Nutrigenomics&#10;D)Epigenetics

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ relates to the pattern of gene...

Question 12

It has been shown that for those people with an inherited APC gene, which is associated with various GI tract tumors, supplementation of _____ has a protective effect&#10;A)eicosapentaenoic acid&#10;B)omega-6 fatty acids&#10;C)saturated fatty acids&#10;D)soy protein

Accepted Answer

The answer of It has been shown that for those...

Question 13

The primary difficulty in predicting the benefits of dietary changes and how they will affect gene expression is:&#10;A)not everyone eats the same.&#10;B)not everyone responds the same to environmental exposures.&#10;C)there is a great variety of intake from supplements currently.&#10;D)There is no difficulty in predicting the benefits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary difficulty in predicting the benefits...

Question 14

The process of cell reproduction where only one member of each pair of chromosomes is passed on is termed:&#10;A)meiosis.&#10;B)mitosis.&#10;C)karyotype.&#10;D)the human genome project.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process of cell reproduction where only...

Question 15

The genetic material lies within each nucleus of each cell in the body except:&#10;A)cells of the liver.&#10;B)cells of the skin.&#10;C)RBC.&#10;D)lymphoid tissue.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The genetic material lies within each nucleus...

Question 16

The recent advent of _____ technology permits large-scale exploration of the effects of diet on the expression of thousands of genes&#10;A)allele&#10;B)immunoassay&#10;C)microarray&#10;D)genetic testing

Accepted Answer

The answer of The recent advent of _____ technology permits...

Question 17

The interaction between drugs and an individual's genome is called:&#10;A)nutrigenomics.&#10;B)genotyping.&#10;C)phenotyping.&#10;D)pharmacogenomics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The interaction between drugs and an individual's...

Question 18

Prader-Willi syndrome is best described as an error in:&#10;A)genotype.&#10;B)genomic imprinting.&#10;C)metabolism.&#10;D)the number of nucleotides.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prader-Willi syndrome is best described as an...

Question 19

One of the greatest challenges for the RD in the emerging field of nutrigenomics is:&#10;A)phenotyping an individual.&#10;B)mapping the genome.&#10;C)individualizing diets and counseling.&#10;D)deciding which chronic diseases to target.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the greatest challenges for the...

Question 20

The process of cell division is termed:&#10;A)meiosis.&#10;B)mitosis.&#10;C)karyotype.&#10;D)the human genome project.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process of cell division is termed:&#10;A)meiosis.&#10;B)mitosis.&#10;C)karyotype.&#10;D)the...

Question 21

Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;Mr.and Mrs.G come into an outpatient nutrition counseling center due to referral from their genetic physician.They have both been tested for several genetic conditions due to their family history and concern over developing chronic diseases.Mrs.G is particularly concerned due to the history of cancer in her family on both her mother's and father's sides.&#10;The registered dietitian continues to counsel Mrs G on how to reduce the incidence of the type of cancer associated with her polymorphism She recommends that Mrs G consume high amounts of which of the following in order to decrease polyamine production?&#10;A)blueberries and cranberries&#10;B)cauliflower and carrots&#10;C)broccoli and blueberries&#10;D)onions and carrots

Accepted Answer

The answer of Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;Mr.and Mrs.G come into...

Question 22

Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;Mr.and Mrs.G come into an outpatient nutrition counseling center due to referral from their genetic physician.They have both been tested for several genetic conditions due to their family history and concern over developing chronic diseases.Mrs.G is particularly concerned due to the history of cancer in her family on both her mother's and father's sides.&#10;Mr G's genetic profile shows that he has a variation in the codes for apolipoprotein E The registered dietitian counsels him on several ways to lower hyperlipidemia risk, but does not discuss _____ due to its limited research outcomes&#10;A)modifying alcohol consumption&#10;B)increasing physical activity&#10;C)not smoking&#10;D)changing the amount of cholesterol and dietary fat

Accepted Answer

The answer of Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;Mr.and Mrs.G come into...

Question 23

Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;Mr.and Mrs.G come into an outpatient nutrition counseling center due to referral from their genetic physician.They have both been tested for several genetic conditions due to their family history and concern over developing chronic diseases.Mrs.G is particularly concerned due to the history of cancer in her family on both her mother's and father's sides.&#10;The registered dietitian reads the genetic report and finds that Mrs G has a polymorphism in the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase gene She counsels Mrs G that this is linked to an increased risk of which of the following?&#10;A)hyperlipidemia&#10;B)colon cancer&#10;C)obesity&#10;D)diabetes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;Mr.and Mrs.G come into...

Question 24

A diet high in _____ has been linked to insulin resistance, while a diet high in _____ has been linked to greater insulin sensitivity&#10;A)protein, MUFAs&#10;B)saturated fat, MUFAs&#10;C)MUFAs, saturated fat&#10;D)fiber, saturated fat

Accepted Answer

The answer of A diet high in _____ has been...

Question 25

Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;Mr.and Mrs.G come into an outpatient nutrition counseling center due to referral from their genetic physician.They have both been tested for several genetic conditions due to their family history and concern over developing chronic diseases.Mrs.G is particularly concerned due to the history of cancer in her family on both her mother's and father's sides.&#10;Should Mrs G decide to supplement with the above nutrient, she should be cautioned that in those with her SNP plus an additional SNP (which she may have), high intakes are associated with higher risk for:&#10;A)cardiovascular disease.&#10;B)diabetes.&#10;C)breast cancer.&#10;D)obesity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;Mr.and Mrs.G come into...

Question 26

Recent studies have proven positive effects of _____ and ligands on triglyceride levels and insulin sensitivity&#10;A)PUFAs&#10;B)saturated fats&#10;C)MUFAs&#10;D)animal protein

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recent studies have proven positive effects of...

Question 27

_____ intakes of folate have long been associated with cancer risk, and this risk appears to escalate in the presence of _____ intake&#10;A)Low, alcohol&#10;B)High, saturated fat&#10;C)High, alcohol&#10;D)Low, saturated fat

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ intakes of folate have long been...

Question 28

Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;Mr.and Mrs.G come into an outpatient nutrition counseling center due to referral from their genetic physician.They have both been tested for several genetic conditions due to their family history and concern over developing chronic diseases.Mrs.G is particularly concerned due to the history of cancer in her family on both her mother's and father's sides.&#10;In addition to the recommendations already mentioned, the registered dietitian also recommends that which of the following be limited in Mrs G diet for optimal lowering of risk with this polymorphism?&#10;A)saturated fat&#10;B)cholesterol&#10;C)alcohol&#10;D)weight

Accepted Answer

The answer of Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;Mr.and Mrs.G come into...

Question 29

Studies have shown a reduction of colon cancer risk, at least among individuals with certain genotypes, with ingestion of isothiocyanates found in:&#10;A)protein.&#10;B)cruciferous vegetables.&#10;C)oranges.&#10;D)tomatoes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies have shown a reduction of colon...

Question 30

Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;Mr.and Mrs.G come into an outpatient nutrition counseling center due to referral from their genetic physician.They have both been tested for several genetic conditions due to their family history and concern over developing chronic diseases.Mrs.G is particularly concerned due to the history of cancer in her family on both her mother's and father's sides.&#10;The above can be exacerbated by a(n) _____ deficiency; therefore, the registered dietitian will counsel Mrs G on how to achieve optimal levels in her diet&#10;A)omega-3 fatty acids&#10;B)glutamine&#10;C)vitamin B12&#10;D)folate

Accepted Answer

The answer of Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;Mr.and Mrs.G come into...

Question 31

Match between columns&#10;                        Premises: transcription&#10;transcription&#10;transcription&#10;transcription&#10;transcription&#10;transcription&#10;transcription&#10;transcription&#10;transcription&#10;transcription&#10;transcription&#10;transcription&#10;transcription&#10;transcription&#10;transcription&#10;transcription&#10;posttranscriptional processing&#10;posttranscriptional processing&#10;posttranscriptional processing&#10;posttranscriptional processing&#10;posttranscriptional processing&#10;posttranscriptional processing&#10;posttranscriptional processing&#10;posttranscriptional processing&#10;posttranscriptional processing&#10;posttranscriptional processing&#10;posttranscriptional processing&#10;posttranscriptional processing&#10;posttranscriptional processing&#10;posttranscriptional processing&#10;posttranscriptional processing&#10;posttranscriptional processing&#10;exons&#10;exons&#10;exons&#10;exons&#10;exons&#10;exons&#10;exons&#10;exons&#10;exons&#10;exons&#10;exons&#10;exons&#10;exons&#10;exons&#10;exons&#10;exons&#10;histone&#10;histone&#10;histone&#10;histone&#10;histone&#10;histone&#10;histone&#10;histone&#10;histone&#10;histone&#10;histone&#10;histone&#10;histone&#10;histone&#10;histone&#10;histone&#10;antisense strand&#10;antisense strand&#10;antisense strand&#10;antisense strand&#10;antisense strand&#10;antisense strand&#10;antisense strand&#10;antisense strand&#10;antisense strand&#10;antisense strand&#10;antisense strand&#10;antisense strand&#10;antisense strand&#10;antisense strand&#10;antisense strand&#10;antisense strand&#10;nonsense codon&#10;nonsense codon&#10;nonsense codon&#10;nonsense codon&#10;nonsense codon&#10;nonsense codon&#10;nonsense codon&#10;nonsense codon&#10;nonsense codon&#10;nonsense codon&#10;nonsense codon&#10;nonsense codon&#10;nonsense codon&#10;nonsense codon&#10;nonsense codon&#10;nonsense codon&#10;introns&#10;introns&#10;introns&#10;introns&#10;introns&#10;introns&#10;introns&#10;introns&#10;introns&#10;introns&#10;introns&#10;introns&#10;introns&#10;introns&#10;introns&#10;introns&#10;posttranslational modification&#10;posttranslational modification&#10;posttranslational modification&#10;posttranslational modification&#10;posttranslational modification&#10;posttranslational modification&#10;posttranslational modification&#10;posttranslational modification&#10;posttranslational modification&#10;posttranslational modification&#10;posttranslational modification&#10;posttranslational modification&#10;posttranslational modification&#10;posttranslational modification&#10;posttranslational modification&#10;posttranslational modification&#10;dinucleotides&#10;dinucleotides&#10;dinucleotides&#10;dinucleotides&#10;dinucleotides&#10;dinucleotides&#10;dinucleotides&#10;dinucleotides&#10;dinucleotides&#10;dinucleotides&#10;dinucleotides&#10;dinucleotides&#10;dinucleotides&#10;dinucleotides&#10;dinucleotides&#10;dinucleotides&#10;transcription factor&#10;transcription factor&#10;transcription factor&#10;transcription factor&#10;transcription factor&#10;transcription factor&#10;transcription factor&#10;transcription factor&#10;transcription factor&#10;transcription factor&#10;transcription factor&#10;transcription factor&#10;transcription factor&#10;transcription factor&#10;transcription factor&#10;transcription factor&#10;codon&#10;codon&#10;codon&#10;codon&#10;codon&#10;codon&#10;codon&#10;codon&#10;codon&#10;codon&#10;codon&#10;codon&#10;codon&#10;codon&#10;codon&#10;codon&#10;promoter region&#10;promoter region&#10;promoter region&#10;promoter region&#10;promoter region&#10;promoter region&#10;promoter region&#10;promoter region&#10;promoter region&#10;promoter region&#10;promoter region&#10;promoter region&#10;promoter region&#10;promoter region&#10;promoter region&#10;promoter region&#10;nucleotide&#10;nucleotide&#10;nucleotide&#10;nucleotide&#10;nucleotide&#10;nucleotide&#10;nucleotide&#10;nucleotide&#10;nucleotide&#10;nucleotide&#10;nucleotide&#10;nucleotide&#10;nucleotide&#10;nucleotide&#10;nucleotide&#10;nucleotide&#10;translation&#10;translation&#10;translation&#10;translation&#10;translation&#10;translation&#10;translation&#10;translation&#10;translation&#10;translation&#10;translation&#10;translation&#10;translation&#10;translation&#10;translation&#10;translation&#10;sense strand&#10;sense strand&#10;sense strand&#10;sense strand&#10;sense strand&#10;sense strand&#10;sense strand&#10;sense strand&#10;sense strand&#10;sense strand&#10;sense strand&#10;sense strand&#10;sense strand&#10;sense strand&#10;sense strand&#10;sense strand&#10;anticodons&#10;anticodons&#10;anticodons&#10;anticodons&#10;anticodons&#10;anticodons&#10;anticodons&#10;anticodons&#10;anticodons&#10;anticodons&#10;anticodons&#10;anticodons&#10;anticodons&#10;anticodons&#10;anticodons&#10;anticodons

Accepted Answer

The Answer of tRNA coding sequences; these sequences are complementary is...

Deck 10: Nutritional Genomics