Deck 3: Adaptations to the Physical Environment

Full screen (f)
exit full mode
Question
The law of tolerance states that

A) physical factors are always tolerated.
B) there are limits to the physical factors organisms can tolerate.
C) the higher a species' tolerance the more successful it is.
D) physical resources are more important than physical factors.
E) none of the above
Use Space or
up arrow
down arrow
to flip the card.
Question
The principle of allocation states that

A) energy is allocated but other physical resources are not.
B) fitness is highest when all energy is allocated to reproduction.
C) fitness is highest when all energy is allocated to survival.
D) some adaptations preclude others.
E) none of the above
Question
Which of the following is not an adaptation to avoid harsh conditions?

A) aestivation
B) hibernation
C) torpor
D) increasing the tolerance limit
E) none of the above
Question
Behavioral thermoregulation

A) is most important in homeotherms.
B) is an example of aestivation.
C) may include basking.
D) never occurs in poikilotherms.
E) none of the above
Question
Acclimation

A) is an example of phenotypic plasticity.
B) occurs primarily at high altitude.
C) reduces the level of tolerance.
D) requires many generations.
E) none of the above
Question
A high value of Q10 means that

A) if the temperature increases 10 degrees, the rate of a reaction increases dramatically.
B) if the temperature doubles the rate of a reaction increases tenfold.
C) the organism can acclimate easily.
D) DNA is unlikely to denature.
E) none of the above
Question
Which of the following is not a mechanism of heat loss?

A) conduction
B) emissivity
C) radiation
D) convection
E) none of the above
Question
Which of the following is a mismatch?

A) matric pressure/adhesion of water molecules
B) turgor pressure/intracellular pressure
C) osmosis/solute concentration
D) pressure potential/the total water potential in a system
E) none of the above
Question
The adaptive advantage of the C4 pathway of photosynthesis is it

A) avoids photorespiration.
B) decreases local osmotic pressure.
C) increases CO2 uptake during the day.
D) does not require oxygen.
E) none of the above
Question
Osmoregulators

A) are an example of acclimation.
B) have wide tolerance limits.
C) are an example of homeostatic species.
D) use urea to excrete nitrogen.
E) none of the above
Question
Which of the following is not a cost of migration?

A) higher mortality
B) energetic demands
C) predation
D) negative social interactions
E) none of the above
Question
Which of the following require higher tolerance levels?

A) osmoconformers
B) C4 species
C) homeotherms
D) osmoregulators
E) none of the above
Question
Low water availability is characteristic of

A) soils with high field capacity.
B) high turgor pressure.
C) sandy soils.
D) clay soils.
E) none of the above
Question
The excretion of nitrogenous wastes involves a trade-off between

A) solubility and energy content.
B) solubility and toxicity.
C) toxicity and matric potential.
D) toxicity and metabolic water.
E) none of the above
Question
In a counter-current heat exchange system, the

A) temperature difference between the vessels is minimized.
B) temperature difference between the vessels is maximized.
C) temperatures of the vessels are the same.
D) temperatures of the vessels are never the same.
E) none of the above
Question
Poikilotherms

A) allow their internal temperature to vary.
B) maintain a higher internal temperature than the environment.
C) maintain a lower internal temperature than the environment.
D) are ectotherms.
E) none of the above
Question
The mean is

A) always the same as the median.
B) always larger than the median.
C) always smaller than the median.
D) the midpoint value of a data set.
E) none of the above
Question
Some hibernators wake during the winter.
Question
The cost of counter-current heat exchange systems is they are inefficient.
Question
Turbulent flow carries away more moisture from the surface of a plant than laminar flow.
Question
C3 plants have an advantage of C4 plants in hot, dry environments.
Question
Homeothermy is an example of homeostasis.
Question
Ammonia has high __________and high __________.
Question
Metabolic water is the product of the oxidation of __________.
Question
Plants that can tolerate dry conditions are known as __________.
Question
The enzyme PEP carboxylase in C4 photosynthesis has a __________ affinity for __________ than RuBP carboxylate in C3 photosynthesis.
Question
Adventitious roots are an adaptation to __________.
Question
Physical resources are __________ whereas physical factors are __________.
Question
List three adaptations that avoid harsh conditions.
Question
The function of heat shock proteins is to __________.
Question
If you raise the temperature 10° and the rate of a reaction triples, the value of Q10 is __________.
Question
A substance that requires more heat to increase its temperature has a high __________.
Question
The temperature of poikilotherms varies with the __________.
Question
Why is the variation in the environment sometimes more challenging for organisms than the average conditions?
Unlock Deck
Sign up to unlock the cards in this deck!
Unlock Deck
Unlock Deck
1/34
auto play flashcards
Play
simple tutorial
Full screen (f)
exit full mode
Deck 3: Adaptations to the Physical Environment
1
The law of tolerance states that

A) physical factors are always tolerated.
B) there are limits to the physical factors organisms can tolerate.
C) the higher a species' tolerance the more successful it is.
D) physical resources are more important than physical factors.
E) none of the above
B
2
The principle of allocation states that

A) energy is allocated but other physical resources are not.
B) fitness is highest when all energy is allocated to reproduction.
C) fitness is highest when all energy is allocated to survival.
D) some adaptations preclude others.
E) none of the above
D
3
Which of the following is not an adaptation to avoid harsh conditions?

A) aestivation
B) hibernation
C) torpor
D) increasing the tolerance limit
E) none of the above
E
4
Behavioral thermoregulation

A) is most important in homeotherms.
B) is an example of aestivation.
C) may include basking.
D) never occurs in poikilotherms.
E) none of the above
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
5
Acclimation

A) is an example of phenotypic plasticity.
B) occurs primarily at high altitude.
C) reduces the level of tolerance.
D) requires many generations.
E) none of the above
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
6
A high value of Q10 means that

A) if the temperature increases 10 degrees, the rate of a reaction increases dramatically.
B) if the temperature doubles the rate of a reaction increases tenfold.
C) the organism can acclimate easily.
D) DNA is unlikely to denature.
E) none of the above
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
7
Which of the following is not a mechanism of heat loss?

A) conduction
B) emissivity
C) radiation
D) convection
E) none of the above
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
8
Which of the following is a mismatch?

A) matric pressure/adhesion of water molecules
B) turgor pressure/intracellular pressure
C) osmosis/solute concentration
D) pressure potential/the total water potential in a system
E) none of the above
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
9
The adaptive advantage of the C4 pathway of photosynthesis is it

A) avoids photorespiration.
B) decreases local osmotic pressure.
C) increases CO2 uptake during the day.
D) does not require oxygen.
E) none of the above
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
10
Osmoregulators

A) are an example of acclimation.
B) have wide tolerance limits.
C) are an example of homeostatic species.
D) use urea to excrete nitrogen.
E) none of the above
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
11
Which of the following is not a cost of migration?

A) higher mortality
B) energetic demands
C) predation
D) negative social interactions
E) none of the above
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
12
Which of the following require higher tolerance levels?

A) osmoconformers
B) C4 species
C) homeotherms
D) osmoregulators
E) none of the above
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
13
Low water availability is characteristic of

A) soils with high field capacity.
B) high turgor pressure.
C) sandy soils.
D) clay soils.
E) none of the above
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
14
The excretion of nitrogenous wastes involves a trade-off between

A) solubility and energy content.
B) solubility and toxicity.
C) toxicity and matric potential.
D) toxicity and metabolic water.
E) none of the above
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
15
In a counter-current heat exchange system, the

A) temperature difference between the vessels is minimized.
B) temperature difference between the vessels is maximized.
C) temperatures of the vessels are the same.
D) temperatures of the vessels are never the same.
E) none of the above
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
16
Poikilotherms

A) allow their internal temperature to vary.
B) maintain a higher internal temperature than the environment.
C) maintain a lower internal temperature than the environment.
D) are ectotherms.
E) none of the above
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
17
The mean is

A) always the same as the median.
B) always larger than the median.
C) always smaller than the median.
D) the midpoint value of a data set.
E) none of the above
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
18
Some hibernators wake during the winter.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
19
The cost of counter-current heat exchange systems is they are inefficient.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
20
Turbulent flow carries away more moisture from the surface of a plant than laminar flow.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
21
C3 plants have an advantage of C4 plants in hot, dry environments.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
22
Homeothermy is an example of homeostasis.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
23
Ammonia has high __________and high __________.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
24
Metabolic water is the product of the oxidation of __________.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
25
Plants that can tolerate dry conditions are known as __________.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
26
The enzyme PEP carboxylase in C4 photosynthesis has a __________ affinity for __________ than RuBP carboxylate in C3 photosynthesis.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
27
Adventitious roots are an adaptation to __________.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
28
Physical resources are __________ whereas physical factors are __________.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
29
List three adaptations that avoid harsh conditions.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
30
The function of heat shock proteins is to __________.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
31
If you raise the temperature 10° and the rate of a reaction triples, the value of Q10 is __________.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
32
A substance that requires more heat to increase its temperature has a high __________.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
33
The temperature of poikilotherms varies with the __________.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
34
Why is the variation in the environment sometimes more challenging for organisms than the average conditions?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
locked card icon
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 34 flashcards in this deck.