Question 1

The law of tolerance states that
A) physical factors are always tolerated.
B) there are limits to the physical factors organisms can tolerate.
C) the higher a species' tolerance the more successful it is.
D) physical resources are more important than physical factors.
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The law of tolerance states that there are limits to the range of physical factors (such as temperature, humidity, etc.) that organisms can tolerate for survival, growth, and reproduction.

Question 2

The principle of allocation states that
A) energy is allocated but other physical resources are not.
B) fitness is highest when all energy is allocated to reproduction.
C) fitness is highest when all energy is allocated to survival.
D) some adaptations preclude others.
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The principle of allocation suggests that resources are limited, and investing in one function (like growth, reproduction, or survival) may limit the ability to invest in others, meaning some adaptations may preclude others.

Question 3

Which of the following is not an adaptation to avoid harsh conditions?
A) aestivation
B) hibernation
C) torpor
D) increasing the tolerance limit
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

E

Question 4

Behavioral thermoregulation
A) is most important in homeotherms.
B) is an example of aestivation.
C) may include basking.
D) never occurs in poikilotherms.
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Behavioral thermoregulation includes actions like basking, where an organism uses behavior to regulate its body temperature.

Question 5

Acclimation
A) is an example of phenotypic plasticity.
B) occurs primarily at high altitude.
C) reduces the level of tolerance.
D) requires many generations.
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Acclimation is an example of phenotypic plasticity, where an organism adjusts to changes in its environment, such as temperature or altitude, within its lifetime.

Question 6

A high value of Q₁₀ means that A) if the temperature increases 10 degrees, the rate of a reaction increases dramatically. B) if the temperature doubles the rate of a reaction increases tenfold. C) the organism can acclimate easily. D) DNA is unlikely to denature. E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of A high value of Q₁₀ means that A)...

Question 7

Which of the following is not a mechanism of heat loss?
A) conduction
B) emissivity
C) radiation
D) convection
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Emissivity is a property that describes how effectively a surface emits thermal radiation, but it is not a mechanism of heat loss itself. Conduction, radiation, and convection are the primary mechanisms of heat loss.

Question 8

Which of the following is a mismatch?
A) matric pressure/adhesion of water molecules
B) turgor pressure/intracellular pressure
C) osmosis/solute concentration
D) pressure potential/the total water potential in a system
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a mismatch?
A)...

Question 9

The adaptive advantage of the C4 pathway of photosynthesis is it A) avoids photorespiration. B) decreases local osmotic pressure. C) increases CO₂ uptake during the day. D) does not require oxygen. E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The C4 pathway minimizes photorespiration by concentrating CO2 at the site of the Calvin cycle, which is an adaptive advantage in hot, dry environments where photorespiration would otherwise reduce photosynthetic efficiency.

Question 10

Osmoregulators
A) are an example of acclimation.
B) have wide tolerance limits.
C) are an example of homeostatic species.
D) use urea to excrete nitrogen.
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Osmoregulators are organisms that maintain internal homeostasis of water and salt concentrations, making them an example of homeostatic species.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a cost of migration?
A) higher mortality
B) energetic demands
C) predation
D) negative social interactions
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Question 12

Which of the following require higher tolerance levels?
A) osmoconformers
B) C4 species
C) homeotherms
D) osmoregulators
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following require higher tolerance...

Question 13

Low water availability is characteristic of
A) soils with high field capacity.
B) high turgor pressure.
C) sandy soils.
D) clay soils.
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Sandy soils have large particles and large pore spaces, which allow water to drain quickly, leading to low water availability.

Question 14

The excretion of nitrogenous wastes involves a trade-off between
A) solubility and energy content.
B) solubility and toxicity.
C) toxicity and matric potential.
D) toxicity and metabolic water.
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The excretion of nitrogenous wastes involves a trade-off between solubility and toxicity because organisms must balance the need to excrete waste in a soluble form with the need to minimize toxicity.

Question 15

In a counter-current heat exchange system, the
A) temperature difference between the vessels is minimized.
B) temperature difference between the vessels is maximized.
C) temperatures of the vessels are the same.
D) temperatures of the vessels are never the same.
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a counter-current heat exchange system, the
A)...

Question 16

Poikilotherms
A) allow their internal temperature to vary.
B) maintain a higher internal temperature than the environment.
C) maintain a lower internal temperature than the environment.
D) are ectotherms.
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Poikilotherms
A) allow their internal temperature to vary.
B)...

Question 17

The mean is
A) always the same as the median.
B) always larger than the median.
C) always smaller than the median.
D) the midpoint value of a data set.
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The mean is the average of a data set, which is not necessarily the same as the median, larger, or smaller, nor is it the midpoint value.

Question 18

Some hibernators wake during the winter.

Accepted Answer

Some hibernating animals periodically wake during the winter to eat, drink, or eliminate waste before returning to hibernation.

Question 19

The cost of counter-current heat exchange systems is they are inefficient.

Accepted Answer

Counter-current heat exchange systems are actually more efficient than parallel systems because they maintain a greater temperature gradient between the fluids over the length of the exchanger.

Question 20

Turbulent flow carries away more moisture from the surface of a plant than laminar flow.

Accepted Answer

Turbulent flow enhances mixing and increases the rate of moisture removal from the plant surface compared to the smoother, more orderly laminar flow.

Quiz 3: Adaptations to the Physical Environment

The law of tolerance states that

The principle of allocation states that

Which of the following is not an adaptation to avoid harsh conditions?

Behavioral thermoregulation

Acclimation

A high value of Q10 means that

Which of the following is not a mechanism of heat loss?

Which of the following is a mismatch?

The adaptive advantage of the C4 pathway of photosynthesis is it

Osmoregulators

Which of the following is not a cost of migration?

Which of the following require higher tolerance levels?

Low water availability is characteristic of

The excretion of nitrogenous wastes involves a trade-off between

In a counter-current heat exchange system, the

Poikilotherms

The mean is

Some hibernators wake during the winter.

The cost of counter-current heat exchange systems is they are inefficient.

Turbulent flow carries away more moisture from the surface of a plant than laminar flow.

A high value of Q₁₀ means that