Deck 1: Why Philosophy

Question 1

The term philosophy is derived from Greeks words meaning love of __________.

A) knowledge
B) truth
C) wonder
D) wisdom

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The four main divisions of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, logic, and __________.

A) bioethics
B) axiology
C) aesthetics
D) categorical logic

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Axiology is the study of moral and __________ value.

A) economic
B) political
C) aesthetic
D) theoretical

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Philosophers refer to beliefs that logically support other beliefs and constitute a framework for an individual's entire belief system as __________ beliefs.

A) logical
B) fundamental
C) ultimate
D) basic

Question 5

Euthyphro, Crito, and Apology are works by the ancient Greek philosopher __________.

A) Socrates
B) Epicurus
C) Aristotle
D) Plato

Question 6

According to Aristotle, it is owing to __________ that people begin to philosophize.

A) wonder
B) curiosity
C) doubt
D) love

Question 7

A question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth is known as __________.

A) an argument
B) the Socratic method
C) the Socratic jest
D) a debate

Question 8

The systematic use of critical reasoning to try to find answers to fundamental questions about reality, morality, and knowledge is called __________.

A) the argumentative method
B) the philosophical method
C) propositional logic
D) syllogistic reasoning

Question 9

The study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as __________.

A) metaphysics
B) epistemology
C) quantum physics
D) axiology

Question 10

According to Socrates, a clear sign that a person has __________ is her exclusive pursuit of social status, wealth, power, and pleasure.

A) philosophical ambition
B) worldly wisdom
C) exceptional desires
D) an unhealthy soul

Question 11

A group of statements in which one of them is meant to be supported by the others is a(n) __________.

A) statement
B) argument
C) conclusion
D) appeal

Question 12

In an argument, the statement being supported is the conclusion, and the statements supporting the conclusion are the __________.

A) middle statement
B) persuaders
C) premises
D) substatements

Question 13

Arguments intended to give logically conclusive support to their conclusions so that if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true are __________.

A) deductive
B) inductive
C) explanatory
D) cogent

Question 14

Arguments that are supposed to give probable support to their conclusions are __________.

A) valid
B) sound
C) inductive
D) deductive

Question 15

When we arrive at a generalization about an entire group of things after observing just some members of the group, we are making a(n) __________.

A) analogical induction
B) sound deduction
C) valid inference
D) enumerative induction

Question 16

In the type of fallacy known as __________, we argue that a particular actions should not be taken because it will lead inevitably to other actions resulting in some dire outcome.

A) appeal to ignorance
B) slippery slope
C) false dilemma
D) begging the question

Question 17

The fallacy of misrepresenting a person's views so they can be more easily attacked or dismissed is called the __________.

A) straw man fallacy
B) fallacy of equivocation
C) genetic fallacy
D) appeal to popularity

Question 18

The fallacy of rejecting a statement on the grounds that it comes from a particular person is known as __________.

A) appeal to ignorance
B) equivocation
C) false dilemma
D) appeal to the person

Question 19

The fallacy of __________ is arguing either that (1) a claim is true because it hasn't been proven false or (2) a claim is false because it hasn't been proven true.

A) the genetic fallacy
B) appeal to ignorance
C) equivocation
D) slippery slope

Question 20

The fallacy of __________ is trying to prove a conclusion by using that very same conclusion as support.

A) equivocation
B) composition
C) begging the question
D) false dilemma

Question 21

The fallacy of __________ is arguing erroneously that what can be said of the whole can be said of the parts.

A) division
B) false dilemma
C) equivocation
D) straw man

Question 22

__________ is the fallacy of arguing erroneously that since there are only two alternatives to choose from, and one of them is unacceptable, the other one must be true.

A) Equivocation
B) Composition
C) Division
D) False dilemma

Question 23

A good argument must have (1) solid logic and (2) __________.

A) inductive analogies
B) true premises
C) valid conclusions
D) cogent disjunctions

Question 24

If inductive arguments succeed in lending probable support to their conclusions, they are said to be __________.

A) valid
B) conclusive
C) strong
D) sound

Question 25

__________ is the study of knowledge, including its nature and extent.

A) Epistemology
B) Axiology
C) Metaphysics
D) Philosophy of science

Question 26

The study of correct reasoning is called __________.

A) value theory
B) cognition
C) axiology
D) logic

Question 27

For Socrates the good of the soul is attained only through an uncompromising search for __________.

A) scientific laws
B) what's true and real
C) a theory of everything
D) what's physically necessary

Question 28

Philosophers provide reasons for thinking their ideas are plausible-that is, they give us __________.

A) arguments
B) mysteries
C) physical symbolism
D) histories

Question 29

A(n) __________ is an assertion that something is or is not the case and is therefore the kind of utterance that is either true or false.

A) question
B) interjection
C) statement
D) argument

Question 30

Philosophy is of great theoretical value, but offers nothing in the way of practical benefits.

Question 31

Phaedo, Meno, and Gorgias are some of the well-known works of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates.

Question 32

Consequently, thus, and therefore are examples of conclusion indicator words.

Question 33

An argument is not synonymous with persuasion.

Question 34

In philosophy-and in any other kind of rational inquiry-accepting a conclusion (statement) without good reasons is an elementary mistake in reasoning.

Question 35

Persuasion does not necessarily involve giving reasons for accepting a claim.

Question 36

A valid argument cannot have a false conclusion.

Question 37

If inductive arguments succeed in lending probable support to their conclusions, they are said to be valid.

Question 38

An argument requires at least two statements: one premise and one conclusion.

Question 39

A valid argument must have true premises.

Question 40

A good inductive argument is said to be strong.

Question 41

Modus tollens is a valid argument form.

Question 42

An argument of this form-If p, then q; p; therefore, q-is called modus ponens.

Question 43

An argument of this form-If p, then q; not p; therefore, not q-is called modus tollens.

Question 44

The argument form known as affirming the antecedent is valid.

Question 45

This argument form known as modus tollens is valid.

Question 46

When you read a philosophical essay, you are simply trying to glean some facts from it as you might if you were reading a science text or technical report.

Question 47

The key to identifying an argument in context is to first determine whether the reasoning is correct.

Question 48

This classic argument "The Bible says that God exists; the Bible is true because God wrote it; therefore, God exists" is an example of begging the question.