Question 1

The term philosophy is derived from Greeks words meaning love of __________.
A) knowledge
B) truth
C) wonder
D) wisdom

Accepted Answer

The term philosophy is derived from the Greek words "philo," meaning love, and "sophia," meaning wisdom, hence "love of wisdom."

Question 2

The four main divisions of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, logic, and __________.
A) bioethics
B) axiology
C) aesthetics
D) categorical logic

Accepted Answer

Axiology is the correct answer because it encompasses the study of values, including both ethics and aesthetics, making it one of the four main divisions of philosophy alongside metaphysics, epistemology, and logic.

Question 3

Axiology is the study of moral and __________ value.
A) economic
B) political
C) aesthetic
D) theoretical

Accepted Answer

Axiology is the philosophical study of value, which includes both moral values and aesthetic values, such as the beauty of art or nature.

Question 4

Philosophers refer to beliefs that logically support other beliefs and constitute a framework for an individual's entire belief system as __________ beliefs.
A) logical
B) fundamental
C) ultimate
D) basic

Accepted Answer

Fundamental beliefs are those that logically support other beliefs and constitute a framework for an individual's entire belief system.

Question 5

Euthyphro, Crito, and Apology are works by the ancient Greek philosopher __________.
A) Socrates
B) Epicurus
C) Aristotle
D) Plato

Accepted Answer

These works are dialogues written by Plato, featuring Socrates as a central character. They explore philosophical concepts and Socrates' trial and death.

Question 6

According to Aristotle, it is owing to __________ that people begin to philosophize.
A) wonder
B) curiosity
C) doubt
D) love

Accepted Answer

Aristotle believed that philosophy begins in wonder. When people are amazed by the world around them, they start to question and seek understanding, which leads to philosophical thinking.

Question 7

A question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth is known as __________.
A) an argument
B) the Socratic method
C) the Socratic jest
D) a debate

Accepted Answer

The Socratic method is a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue between individuals, based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying presuppositions. It is named after the classical Greek philosopher Socrates and is a method of hypothesis elimination, in that better hypotheses are found by steadily identifying and eliminating those that lead to contradictions.

Question 8

The systematic use of critical reasoning to try to find answers to fundamental questions about reality, morality, and knowledge is called __________.
A) the argumentative method
B) the philosophical method
C) propositional logic
D) syllogistic reasoning

Accepted Answer

The philosophical method is characterized by the systematic use of critical reasoning to explore fundamental questions regarding existence, ethics, and knowledge, distinguishing it from the more specific logical structures or argumentative techniques listed in the other options.

Question 9

The study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as __________.
A) metaphysics
B) epistemology
C) quantum physics
D) axiology

Accepted Answer

Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the first principles of things, including abstract concepts such as being, knowing, identity, time, and space. It seeks to explain the fundamental nature of reality and existence.

Question 10

According to Socrates, a clear sign that a person has __________ is her exclusive pursuit of social status, wealth, power, and pleasure.
A) philosophical ambition
B) worldly wisdom
C) exceptional desires
D) an unhealthy soul

Accepted Answer

Socrates believed that the exclusive pursuit of social status, wealth, power, and pleasure was indicative of an unhealthy soul, as it showed a lack of focus on moral and intellectual virtues.

Question 11

A group of statements in which one of them is meant to be supported by the others is a(n) __________.
A) statement
B) argument
C) conclusion
D) appeal

Accepted Answer

An argument consists of a series of statements where one (the conclusion) is supported by the others (premises).

Question 12

In an argument, the statement being supported is the conclusion, and the statements supporting the conclusion are the __________.
A) middle statement
B) persuaders
C) premises
D) substatements

Accepted Answer

The statements that support the conclusion in an argument are called premises. They provide the basis or evidence for accepting the conclusion.

Question 13

Arguments intended to give logically conclusive support to their conclusions so that if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true are __________.
A) deductive
B) inductive
C) explanatory
D) cogent

Accepted Answer

Deductive arguments are structured in such a way that if the premises are true, the conclusion necessarily follows and must be true. This contrasts with inductive arguments, which involve reasoning from specific instances to general principles and do not guarantee the truth of the conclusion even if the premises are true.

Question 14

Arguments that are supposed to give probable support to their conclusions are __________.
A) valid
B) sound
C) inductive
D) deductive

Accepted Answer

Arguments that are supposed to give probable support to their conclusions are inductive. Inductive reasoning involves making generalizations based on specific observations or evidence, and thus, it provides probable rather than certain support to its conclusions.

Question 15

When we arrive at a generalization about an entire group of things after observing just some members of the group, we are making a(n) __________.
A) analogical induction
B) sound deduction
C) valid inference
D) enumerative induction

Accepted Answer

This is an example of enumerative induction, which involves making a generalization about a group based on observations of individual members of that group.

Question 16

In the type of fallacy known as __________, we argue that a particular actions should not be taken because it will lead inevitably to other actions resulting in some dire outcome.
A) appeal to ignorance
B) slippery slope
C) false dilemma
D) begging the question

Accepted Answer

The slippery slope fallacy occurs when it is argued that a specific action will inevitably lead to a chain of related (usually negative) events without providing evidence for such inevitability.

Question 17

The fallacy of misrepresenting a person's views so they can be more easily attacked or dismissed is called the __________.
A) straw man fallacy
B) fallacy of equivocation
C) genetic fallacy
D) appeal to popularity

Accepted Answer

The straw man fallacy involves misrepresenting someone's argument to make it easier to attack or refute, rather than addressing the actual argument presented.

Question 18

The fallacy of rejecting a statement on the grounds that it comes from a particular person is known as __________.
A) appeal to ignorance
B) equivocation
C) false dilemma
D) appeal to the person

Accepted Answer

This fallacy is known as "appeal to the person" or "ad hominem," where an argument is rejected based on the characteristics or authority of the person proposing it, rather than on the merits of the argument itself.

Question 19

The fallacy of __________ is arguing either that (1) a claim is true because it hasn't been proven false or (2) a claim is false because it hasn't been proven true.
A) the genetic fallacy
B) appeal to ignorance
C) equivocation
D) slippery slope

Accepted Answer

The fallacy of appeal to ignorance involves arguing that a claim is true simply because it has not been proven false, or arguing that a claim is false because it has not been proven true.

Question 20

The fallacy of __________ is trying to prove a conclusion by using that very same conclusion as support.
A) equivocation
B) composition
C) begging the question
D) false dilemma

Accepted Answer

Begging the question is a logical fallacy where the argument's conclusion is assumed in one of the premises.

Quiz 1: Why Philosophy

The term philosophy is derived from Greeks words meaning love of __________.

The four main divisions of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, logic, and __________.

Axiology is the study of moral and __________ value.

Philosophers refer to beliefs that logically support other beliefs and constitute a framework for an individual's entire belief system as __________ beliefs.

Euthyphro, Crito, and Apology are works by the ancient Greek philosopher __________.

According to Aristotle, it is owing to __________ that people begin to philosophize.

A question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth is known as __________.

The systematic use of critical reasoning to try to find answers to fundamental questions about reality, morality, and knowledge is called __________.

The study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as __________.

According to Socrates, a clear sign that a person has __________ is her exclusive pursuit of social status, wealth, power, and pleasure.

A group of statements in which one of them is meant to be supported by the others is a(n) __________.

In an argument, the statement being supported is the conclusion, and the statements supporting the conclusion are the __________.

Arguments intended to give logically conclusive support to their conclusions so that if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true are __________.

Arguments that are supposed to give probable support to their conclusions are __________.

When we arrive at a generalization about an entire group of things after observing just some members of the group, we are making a(n) __________.

In the type of fallacy known as __________, we argue that a particular actions should not be taken because it will lead inevitably to other actions resulting in some dire outcome.

The fallacy of misrepresenting a person's views so they can be more easily attacked or dismissed is called the __________.

The fallacy of rejecting a statement on the grounds that it comes from a particular person is known as __________.

The fallacy of __________ is arguing either that (1) a claim is true because it hasn't been proven false or (2) a claim is false because it hasn't been proven true.

The fallacy of __________ is trying to prove a conclusion by using that very same conclusion as support.