Deck 16: Organizational Effectiveness

Question 1

All of the following are models of organizational effectiveness except:

A) System resource model
B) Goals model
C) Competing process approach
D) Process model
E) Multiple constituency model

Answer 1

C

Question 2

For the goals model to be effective, what must be the conditions of the goals?

A) Reachable and quantifiable
B) Realistic and reachable
C) Identifiable and contingent
D) Identifiable and measurable
E) Understandable and reachable

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following approaches to evaluating an organization's effectiveness would be inappropriate for a local cable company, if it is the only game in town?

A) Goals model
B) System resource model
C) Process approach
D) Contingency model
E) None of the above

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following approaches to organizational effectiveness would be used in the assessment of an organization's outputs?

A) Goals model
B) System resource model
C) Process approach
D) Contingency model
E) None of the above

Question 5

Which of the following approaches to organizational effectiveness would be used in the assessment of an organization's inputs?

A) Goals model
B) System resource model
C) Process approach
D) Contingency model
E) None of the above

Question 6

The resource based view (RBV) suggests that organizations can gain a substantial competitive advantage if they can garner critical resources and exploit them profitably. Which of the following is not one of those resources?

A) Criticalness
B) Limitability
C) Substitutability
D) Resolvability
E) Rarity

Question 7

The prime beneficiary for the commercial XYZ Fitness Club would be which of the following constituencies?

A) Personal trainers
B) Clients
C) Sponsors
D) Employees
E) Owners

Question 8

Two NFL franchises achieved their primary goal of reaching the Super Bowl in a given year. It cost Team A $40 million and Team B $20 million. Which of these two teams would be considered more effective?

A) Team A
B) Team B
C) Neither team A nor B was effective
D) Both team A and B were equally effective
E) Both team A and B were equally ineffective

Question 9

One of the criticisms of which particular approach in evaluating organizational effectiveness is that the approach is not as objective as it may seem?

A) Goals model
B) System resource model
C) Process approach
D) Contingency model
E) None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following models would be inappropriate for evaluating "third sector" organizations?

A) Goals model
B) System resource model
C) Process approach
D) Contingency model
E) None of the above

Question 11

Which approach suggests that the effective organization is one in which the units and the members work well together?

A) Goals model
B) System resource model
C) Process approach
D) Contingency model
E) None of the above

Question 12

The model that most closely relates to the total-quality management (TQM) approach is which of the following?

A) Process model
B) System resource model
C) Goals model
D) Contingency model
E) None of the above

Question 13

One of the criticisms of which particular approach in evaluating organizational effectiveness is that it tends to produce internal structures that are identical?

A) Process model
B) System resource model
C) Goals model
D) Contingency model
E) None of the above

Question 14

Which of the following constituencies would be the prime beneficiary of a professional sport franchise?

A) Fans
B) Athletes
C) Owners
D) Media
E) Employees

Question 15

Multiple perspectives exist on organizational effectiveness. According to Zammuto (1984), all of the following are organizational perspectives except:

A) Relativistic
B) Intrinsic
C) Power
D) Social justice
E) Evolutionary

Question 16

Which of the following views holds that the constituency that is most important changes over time?

A) Social justice
B) Power
C) Evolutionary
D) Relativistic
E) None of the above

Question 17

Quinn and Rohrbaugh (1983) proposed four models of effectiveness. Which of the following is not one of those proposed models?

A) Closed system
B) Open system
C) Internal process
D) Human relations
E) Rational goal

Question 18

The competing values approach to organizational effectiveness comprises all of the following dimensions except:

A) Flexibility vs. stability
B) Means vs. ends
C) Internal vs. external
D) Open vs. closed
E) None of the above

Question 19

Bayle and Madella (2002) identified six dimensions of performance of national sport organizations.All of the following are examples except:

A) Institutional
B) Social-internal
C) Economic-financial
D) Promotional
E) Financial

Question 20

O'Rourke and Chelladurai (2006) assessed the effectiveness of the NCAA. They found that to be effective, the NCAA must uphold and enforce activities with six dimensions. Each of the following is one of those dimensions except:

A) Institutional autonomy
B) Student athlete welfare
C) Rule enforcement
D) Competitive equity
E) Financial stability

Question 21

This model features a heavy emphasis on control and external focus to ensure productivity and efficiency (ends) through such means as planning and goal setting.

A) Human relations model
B) Rational goal model
C) Internal process model
D) Open system model
E) Closed system model

Question 22

The terms effectiveness and efficiency are often used interchangeably from an organizational perspective.

Question 23

In the goals model, "efficiency" refers to whether or not an organization has reached its goals.

Question 24

Effectiveness is the cost/benefit ratio incurred in the pursuit of organizational goals.

Question 25

Organizational effectiveness is the ultimate independent variable in any organizational analysis.

Question 26

Summaries of the literature suggest that the effectiveness concept has proven to be very precise and there remains a consensus definition with regard to its measurement.

Question 27

The concept of paradox, as it relates to organizational effectiveness, suggests that organizations operate deal simultaneously with conflicting or contradictory values, needs, and so forth.

Question 28

Organizational effectiveness may be considered the ultimate dependent variable in organizational analysis.

Question 29

A systems view of organizational effectiveness would suggest that effectiveness be evaluated at the input, throughput, and output stages of the organization.

Question 30

Many organizations pursue multiple goals; this factor limits the utility of a goal model approach for the analysis of organizational effectiveness.

Question 31

A system resource model focuses on the inputs of the organization.

Question 32

Criticalness, rarity, imitability, and substitutability are all critical to competitive advantage of an organization.

Question 33

An operative goal of a sport organization may be to obtain resources from the environment.

Question 34

Inputs, throughput, and outputs are all measures of the systems resource perspective.

Question 35

The process model is primarily concerned with throughputs with regard to organizational effectiveness.

Question 36

The underlying rationale for the process model of effectiveness is the conversion of inputs into acceptable outputs.

Question 37

All constituencies of an organization have an equal say in how the organization should conduct its business.

Question 38

The open system model emphasizes flexibility and external focus in order to secure resources and external support.

Question 39

The human relations model focuses on rigidity and external focus with a view to enhancing human resource development.

Question 40

In the evolutionary perspective, the focus is on the continual process of becoming effective rather than on being effective.

Question 41

________________________ refers to the extent to which organizational goals have been attained; ________________________ is the cost/benefit ratio incurred in the pursuit of those goals.

Question 42

________________________ is the ultimate dependant variable in any organizational analysis.

Question 43

_______________ is a measure of how appropriate organizational goals are and how well an organization is achieving those goals.

Question 44

(a) _________________, (b) ___________________, (c) ____________________, (d) _________________, and (e) __________________ are the five significant models of organizational effectiveness.

Question 45

Given the difficulty of measuring intangible goals, it is not uncommon for organizations to use some ________________ measure as indicators of quality outcomes.

Question 46

While the goals model is intuitively appealing, the two conditions behind the model (___________________ and ___________________) may not be valid for all types of organizations.

Question 47

In the ___________________ model, effectiveness is defined as the ability of the organization, in either absolute or relative terms, to exploit its environment in the acquisition of scarce and valued resources.

Question 48

An ________________________ of an organization may be to obtain resources from the environment.

Question 49

Public sector and third sector organizations cannot legitimately use the _________________ model in evaluating their effectiveness.

Question 50

The _________________ model focuses on inputs, the _________________ model focuses on throughputs, and the _________________ model focuses on outputs.

Question 51

In the ________________________ model of organizational effectiveness, the focus is on the throughputs of an organization.

Question 52

Evan (1976) referred to four systemic processes-(a) ________________, (b) ________________, (c) __________________, and (d) ______________- with regard to the multidimensionality perspective.

Question 53

The ________________________ model of organizational effectiveness suggests that all organizations in a sector (e.g., professional franchises in a specific sport) carry out similar activities in a similar manner.

Question 54

The ________________________ model refers to the owners, managers, clients, suppliers, and other stakeholders of an organization.

Question 55

(a) _________________, (b) __________________, and (c) __________________ are the three dimensions of the competing values model of organizational effectiveness.

Question 56

The concept that an organization must possess attributes that are simultaneously contradictory and mutually exclusive is the ________________________.

Question 57

Blau and Scott (1962) argued that although several groups may benefit from an organization, one group can be identified as the ________________________.

Question 58

The ________________________ perspective holds that the evaluations by all of the various constituencies are legitimate, and therefore the primacy of one view over the others cannot be established.

Question 59

The ________________________is categorical in asserting that the preferences of the most powerful constituents, or of the coalition of powerful constituents, need to be satisfied.

Question 60

The focus of the _______________________ is on satisfying the needs of the less powerful or the less advantaged constituents.

Question 61

It is important to distinguish between the two sources of effectiveness criteria-multidimensionality of effectiveness versus _______________________ on effectiveness.

Question 62

_______________________ states that to be effective, an organization must possess attributes that are simultaneously contradictory, even mutually exclusive.