Question 1

According to Piaget, a __________ is an 'internalised mental action that is part of a logical system'.&#10;A)cognate&#10;B)mental representation&#10;C)logical operation&#10;D)logical argument

Accepted Answer

Piaget referred to a "logical operation" as an internalized mental action that allows an individual to do mentally what was done physically before, such as imagining the steps of a math problem instead of using physical objects. This is part of his theory on the stages of cognitive development, where logical operations signify the transition to more advanced stages of cognitive processing.

Question 2

A review by Dasen(1972) may show that culture _______________ the development of concrete operational reasoning.&#10;A)has a special effect on&#10;B)plays a minimal role in&#10;C)has an effect on&#10;D)is detrimental to

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

What is 'one-to-one correspondence'?&#10;A)The ability to produce numbers in their canonical sequence&#10;B)Understanding that the final number word reached is equal to the total number of items counted&#10;C)The understanding that you must count each object only once when you count all the objects&#10;D)Understanding that a list of items have to be counted in a certain order

Accepted Answer

One-to-one correspondence refers to the counting principle where each object being counted is assigned one and only one number to represent its quantity, ensuring that every object is counted once and only once.

Question 4

Brain scans of children with dyscalculia have shown decreased activation in ___________ tasks.&#10;A)numerosity comparison&#10;B)mental addition&#10;C)digit span&#10;D)counting on

Accepted Answer

Numerosity comparison tasks involve comparing the number of objects in two sets, which is a fundamental skill for mathematical development. Children with dyscalculia have difficulty with this task, which may be due to decreased activation in the brain regions responsible for processing numerical information.

Question 5

______________ is the number of items that can be accurately recalled in the correct order.&#10;A)working memory&#10;B)memory span&#10;C)list recall&#10;D)digit span

Accepted Answer

Memory span refers to the number of items (like digits, letters, or words) that an individual can hold in their short-term memory and accurately recall in the correct order.

Question 6

Videotapes of five- to eight-year-old children trying to solve the balance beam problem were inspected. When weight and distance were in conflict in the balance beam problem, which of the following was observed?

A)The preoperational children seemed to treat each side of the fulcrum as two separate piles of weights
B)The five-year-olds seemed to encode information both about weight on either side of the fulcrum, and the distance between each pile of weights and the fulcrum
C)The eight-year-olds seemed to treat each side of the fulcrum as two separate piles of weights
D)The younger and older children encoded the balance beam array in the same way

Accepted Answer

Preoperational children, typically ranging from ages 2 to 7, tend to focus on one aspect of a problem at a time. In the balance beam problem, they might focus on the weight without considering the distance from the fulcrum, leading them to treat each side as separate entities rather than understanding the interplay between weight and distance.

Question 7

Children who are good at writing numbers are generally also good at ...&#10;A)reading numbers&#10;B)adding and multiplying numbers&#10;C)writing letters&#10;D)decompsition and adding of numbers

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children who are good at writing numbers...

Question 8

According to Hulme, Thomson, Muir and Lawrence(1984), an increase in the rate of articulation as children get older is one way to explain &#8230;&#10;A)increase in overall IQ&#10;B)increase in working memory&#10;C)increased social activity&#10;D)increase in verbal IQ

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Hulme, Thomson, Muir and Lawrence(1984),...

Question 9

In Baddeley and Hitch's(1974) model of working memory, the 'central executive' component &#8230;&#10;A)is used for holding speech-based information&#10;B)is the mechanism for controling attention&#10;C)holds visual spatial information&#10;D)is a 'slave' component

Accepted Answer

The 'central executive' component in Baddeley and Hitch's model of working memory is responsible for controlling attention and coordinating the activities of the other components in the system, rather than holding specific types of information or acting as a 'slave' component.

Question 10

In the middle school period, Piaget would say that thinking is limited due to reliance on _______________ for support.&#10;A)logical operations&#10;B)concrete objects&#10;C)operational thought&#10;D)pre-logical thinking

Accepted Answer

During the middle school period, according to Piaget, children are in the concrete operational stage, where their thinking is limited because they rely on concrete objects or experiences for cognitive support. They struggle with abstract and hypothetical concepts.

Question 11

Consider the following problem: 'If stick A is longer than stick B, and stick B is longer than stick C, which is the longest?' This problem involves making a &#8230;&#10;A)transitive inference&#10;B)hypothetical inference&#10;C)preoperational inference&#10;D)superordinate inference

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider the following problem: 'If stick A...

Question 12

Saxe(1981) found that young Oksapmin children had trouble thinking about numbers independently from &#8230;&#10;A)their fingers&#10;B)each other&#10;C)objects&#10;D)body parts

Accepted Answer

The answer of Saxe(1981) found that young Oksapmin children had...

Question 13

The first addition strategy used by children is usually &#8230;&#10;A)math fact memory retrieval&#10;B)counting on&#10;C)subvocal counting&#10;D)counting all

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first addition strategy used by children...

Question 14

A child gives the following explanation in the conservation task involving liquid: 'If the water were to be poured back, the levels would be just the same as before.' What rule is this child using?&#10;A)Correlative rule&#10;B)Identity rule&#10;C)Reciprocal rule&#10;D)Negation rule

Accepted Answer

The answer of A child gives the following explanation in...

Question 15

A study with coloured rods by Bryant and Trabasso(1971) showed that children's difficulties with transitive inferences may be due to &#8230;&#10;A)concrete recognition limitations&#10;B)reasoning limitations&#10;C)memory limitations&#10;D)inability to understand what is being asked of them

Accepted Answer

The answer of A study with coloured rods by Bryant...

Question 16

In order to know the value of '1' in a number such as '213', children must learn to understand &#8230;&#10;A)place value&#10;B)cardinality&#10;C)approximation&#10;D)number discrimination

Accepted Answer

The answer of In order to know the value of...

Question 17

Children's performance on the balance beam task shows that &#8230;&#10;A)children are not capable of reasoning until age 12&#10;B)children can solve difficult problems if they are presented in a concrete way&#10;C)their ability to deal with two conflicting dimensions increases greatly from age five to nine&#10;D)Piaget was incorrect in his thoughts about how young children can perform on abstract tasks

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children's performance on the balance beam task...

Question 18

Navajo Indian children performing better than non-Navajo peer on a route-finding task may imply that &#8230;&#10;A)genetic differences are key to understanding problem-solving abilities&#10;B)some tasks are invalid due to stereotyping&#10;C)Navajo children have a higher native IQ&#10;D)experience is an important factor in childrens' problem-solving abilities

Accepted Answer

The answer of Navajo Indian children performing better than non-Navajo...

Question 19

Piaget's famous problem in which the child is asked about a necklace made up of seven brown, and three white, beads is best described as being a task about measuring &#8230;&#10;A)colour discrimination&#10;B)class inclusion&#10;C)categorisation&#10;D)seriation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Piaget's famous problem in which the child...

Question 20

Siegler(1976) predicted that children would use _______________ to solve the balance beam task.&#10;A)Logic&#10;B)Intuition&#10;C)One of four rules&#10;D)Experience

Accepted Answer

The answer of Siegler(1976) predicted that children would use _______________...

Deck 10: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood