Deck 11: Ethnicity, Ethnic Conflict, and Conflict Resolution

Question 1

In addition to sharing a common ethnic background, ethnic groups bond together through what types of experiences?

A) Shared historical experiences
B) Shared religious groups
C) Shared languages
D) All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Ethnic consciousness generally results from which of the following?

A) Ancient prejudices
B) Difference in traditions
C) European colonial influences
D) Disputes over land

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a cause of ethnic conflict?

A) Modernization
B) Group identity
C) Weak political institutions
D) Strong boundaries

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The war between the Hutus and the Tutsis in Rwanda is an example of what cause of ethnic conflict?

A) Geographic proximity
B) Deliberate manipulation of negative perceptions by leaders
C) Competition for resources
D) Weapons proliferation

Question 5

By 2009, how many people had been killed in ethnic conflicts in the Congo?

A) 1 million
B) 1.5 million
C) 3 million
D) 4 million

Question 6

Competition among groups for scarce economic resources

A) rarely is a cause of violent ethnic conflict.
B) is a major cause of violent ethnic conflict.
C) is prevented by economic development.
D) None of the above

Question 7

Which European country colonized Nigeria?

A) Spain
B) Portugal
C) Great Britain
D) France

Question 8

Why are leaders able to deliberately manipulate the negative perceptions of people belonging to ethnic groups?

A) Most people respond well to negativity.
B) Most people's fears override their logic.
C) Most people cannot think for themselves.
D) Most people do not expect positivity.

Question 9

Which of the following does NOT threaten groups that stress their uniqueness or purity of their culture?

A) Standardization of architecture
B) Standardization of religion
C) Standardization of music
D) Standardization of health care

Question 10

The number of ethnic groups in Nigeria is

A) 5
B) 100
C) 200
D) 300

Question 11

Although the cost of a land mine is less than _____, it costs _______________ to remove a land mine.

A) $25, between $300 and $1,000
B) $100, $1,000
C) $50, $100
D) $10, between $500 and $1,000

Question 12

Which of the following countries experienced ethnic conflict consisting of Hutu troops slaughtering Tutsis?

A) Angola
B) Liberia
C) Rwanda
D) Sudan

Question 13

The Shining Path is a native rebel movement in which South American country?

A) Bolivia
B) Peru
C) Colombia
D) Venezuela

Question 14

Which of the following cities in Canada did NOT experience violent Kurdish protests after the capture of Abdullah Ocalan?

A) Montreal
B) Ottawa
C) Calgary
D) Vancouver

Question 15

The Kurds

A) are people whose homeland, Kurdistan, was divided between Turkey and Iran.
B) lost cultural identity when they lost their homeland.
C) have been dispersed geographically for 50 years.
D) are Arabs.

Question 16

Which animal that resides in Kahuzi-Biega National Park has been a casualty of ethnic conflict?

A) Tiger
B) Lowland gorilla
C) Giraffe
D) Zebra

Question 17

India's worst ethnic violence has been rooted in

A) independence from Great Britain.
B) Hindu-Muslim religious difference.
C) democratic overtolerance.
D) the Tamil minority.

Question 18

Which drug is Afghanistan known for producing?

A) Opium
B) Marijuana
C) Cocaine
D) Heroin

Question 19

Free slaves from which Western country settled in Liberia?

A) Great Britain
B) Spain
C) United States
D) France

Question 20

Before independence in 1948, Sri Lanka was colonized by

A) the Portuguese.
B) the Dutch.
C) the British.
D) All of the above

Question 21

In 1980, which Americo-Liberian president was murdered by a group of soldiers from an ethnic group?

A) William Tolbert
B) Samuel K. Doe
C) Charles Taylor
D) Prince Johnson

Question 22

Which group of Western Europeans brought racial theories to Rwanda during the colonial period?

A) British
B) Germans
C) French
D) Dutch

Question 23

High rates of interracial and interethnic marriages in Latin America

A) have fueled ethnic violence.
B) have been condemned by the Catholic Church.
C) have diminished the significance of race and ethnicity.
D) None of the above

Question 24

Which of the following is the name of the native people in Sri Lanka?

A) Sinhalese
B) Tamils
C) Tutsis
D) Veddah

Question 25

Approximately 26,000 civilians are killed each year by land mines.

Question 26

Ethnic conflicts only affect the countries within whose borders the fighting occurs.

Question 27

Almost one million people were slaughtered in 13 weeks of violence in Rwanda.

Question 28

Modernization maintains old identities and strengthens boundaries.

Question 29

One million people were killed in Mexico between 1994 and 2000 due to ethnic conflicts.

Question 30

The cost of a single land mine is less than $25.

Question 31

When Abdullah Ocalan was captured in Kenya, Kurds living in Europe and Canada engaged in violent protests to demonstrate their outrage.

Question 32

The northern part of Nigeria is dominated by Christians.

Question 33

The four main ethnic groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, the Yoruba, the Ibo, and the Fulani.

Question 34

The Yoruba region of Nigeria that declared its independence from Nigeria is Biafra.

Question 35

The American Colonization Society was an American group that supported Africans' return to Africa.

Question 36

The conflict in Darfur, seen as genocide, left 300,000 dead and created 2.5 million refugees.

Question 37

British colonial powers in Rwanda reinforced ethnic stereotypes before leaving and allowing ethnic conflict to explode.

Question 38

The Indo-Sri Lankan Agreement was an effort to protect Tamil interests in Sri Lanka.

Question 39

_______________ is an outdated term used by Westerners to refer to groups of indigenous peoples in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

Question 40

An _____________ is a group composed of individuals who generally share a sense of common identity based on factors such as a common culture, geographic location, and religious beliefs.

Question 41

The presence of many different groups within a specific geographical boundary is often referred to as _______________.

Question 42

Abdullah Ocalan, leader of the ___________, was captured in Kenya by Turkish agents in early 1999.

Question 43

________________ fled Kyrgyzstan in great numbers due to ethnic conflict.

Question 44

The Krahn, Gio, and Mano groups took part in ethnic conflict in _______________.

Question 45

Militiamen on horseback, known as ______________, were encouraged not only to kill civilians but also to burn their crops and steal their animals.

Question 46

____________ is the Ibo region that declared its independence from Nigeria.

Question 47

The name free slaves gave themselves once they landed in Liberia was ________________.

Question 48

____________ is the religious practice of worshipping animals, rocks, plants, and other similar objects.

Question 49

People from the north part of Sudan refer to a person from the south part as _________, or slave.

Question 50

Many people believe that the highest aspiration of a Muslim is to die a martyr or a ____________.

Question 51

The two main ethnic groups in Sri Lanka are the Sinhalese and the _________.

Question 52

The system in which power is shared among different levels of government is a __________.

Question 53

The system of government in which power is centralized is a ____________.

Question 54

What is the meaning of following term:
-Tribalism

A) A trade in which Arab countries enslaved Africans from south of the Sahara.
B) A state of mind in which loyalty is given to the nation to which an individual belongs.
C) The native people of Sri Lanka.
D) Leader of the Congress Party in India.
E) A system of government in which power is centralized.
F) A governmental system, often implemented by colonists, that allows the people to maintain their institutions, languages, culture, and economic systems.
G) The religious practice of worshiping animals, rocks, plants, and other similar objects.
H) A group composed of individuals who generally share a sense of common identity based on factors such as a common culture, geographic location, and religious beliefs.
I) The theories that people are superior based upon their race or what skin color they have.
J) An American group that supported Africans' return to Africa.
K) An outdated term used by Westerners to refer to groups of indigenous people in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
L) Leader of the Muslim League that founded Pakistan.
M) A conception of the self, a selection of physical, psychological, or social attributes of particular individuals.
N) The Ibo region that declared its independence from Nigeria.
O) The presence of many different groups within a specific geographical boundary.

Question 55

What is the meaning of following term:
-Nationalism

A) A trade in which Arab countries enslaved Africans from south of the Sahara.
B) A state of mind in which loyalty is given to the nation to which an individual belongs.
C) The native people of Sri Lanka.
D) Leader of the Congress Party in India.
E) A system of government in which power is centralized.
F) A governmental system, often implemented by colonists, that allows the people to maintain their institutions, languages, culture, and economic systems.
G) The religious practice of worshiping animals, rocks, plants, and other similar objects.
H) A group composed of individuals who generally share a sense of common identity based on factors such as a common culture, geographic location, and religious beliefs.
I) The theories that people are superior based upon their race or what skin color they have.
J) An American group that supported Africans' return to Africa.
K) An outdated term used by Westerners to refer to groups of indigenous people in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
L) Leader of the Muslim League that founded Pakistan.
M) A conception of the self, a selection of physical, psychological, or social attributes of particular individuals.
N) The Ibo region that declared its independence from Nigeria.
O) The presence of many different groups within a specific geographical boundary.

Question 56

What is the meaning of following term:
-Ethnic group

A) A trade in which Arab countries enslaved Africans from south of the Sahara.
B) A state of mind in which loyalty is given to the nation to which an individual belongs.
C) The native people of Sri Lanka.
D) Leader of the Congress Party in India.
E) A system of government in which power is centralized.
F) A governmental system, often implemented by colonists, that allows the people to maintain their institutions, languages, culture, and economic systems.
G) The religious practice of worshiping animals, rocks, plants, and other similar objects.
H) A group composed of individuals who generally share a sense of common identity based on factors such as a common culture, geographic location, and religious beliefs.
I) The theories that people are superior based upon their race or what skin color they have.
J) An American group that supported Africans' return to Africa.
K) An outdated term used by Westerners to refer to groups of indigenous people in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
L) Leader of the Muslim League that founded Pakistan.
M) A conception of the self, a selection of physical, psychological, or social attributes of particular individuals.
N) The Ibo region that declared its independence from Nigeria.
O) The presence of many different groups within a specific geographical boundary.

Question 57

What is the meaning of following term:
-Identity

A) A trade in which Arab countries enslaved Africans from south of the Sahara.
B) A state of mind in which loyalty is given to the nation to which an individual belongs.
C) The native people of Sri Lanka.
D) Leader of the Congress Party in India.
E) A system of government in which power is centralized.
F) A governmental system, often implemented by colonists, that allows the people to maintain their institutions, languages, culture, and economic systems.
G) The religious practice of worshiping animals, rocks, plants, and other similar objects.
H) A group composed of individuals who generally share a sense of common identity based on factors such as a common culture, geographic location, and religious beliefs.
I) The theories that people are superior based upon their race or what skin color they have.
J) An American group that supported Africans' return to Africa.
K) An outdated term used by Westerners to refer to groups of indigenous people in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
L) Leader of the Muslim League that founded Pakistan.
M) A conception of the self, a selection of physical, psychological, or social attributes of particular individuals.
N) The Ibo region that declared its independence from Nigeria.
O) The presence of many different groups within a specific geographical boundary.

Question 58

What is the meaning of following term:
-Ethnic pluralism

A) A trade in which Arab countries enslaved Africans from south of the Sahara.
B) A state of mind in which loyalty is given to the nation to which an individual belongs.
C) The native people of Sri Lanka.
D) Leader of the Congress Party in India.
E) A system of government in which power is centralized.
F) A governmental system, often implemented by colonists, that allows the people to maintain their institutions, languages, culture, and economic systems.
G) The religious practice of worshiping animals, rocks, plants, and other similar objects.
H) A group composed of individuals who generally share a sense of common identity based on factors such as a common culture, geographic location, and religious beliefs.
I) The theories that people are superior based upon their race or what skin color they have.
J) An American group that supported Africans' return to Africa.
K) An outdated term used by Westerners to refer to groups of indigenous people in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
L) Leader of the Muslim League that founded Pakistan.
M) A conception of the self, a selection of physical, psychological, or social attributes of particular individuals.
N) The Ibo region that declared its independence from Nigeria.
O) The presence of many different groups within a specific geographical boundary.

Question 59

What is the meaning of following term:
-Indirect rule

A) A trade in which Arab countries enslaved Africans from south of the Sahara.
B) A state of mind in which loyalty is given to the nation to which an individual belongs.
C) The native people of Sri Lanka.
D) Leader of the Congress Party in India.
E) A system of government in which power is centralized.
F) A governmental system, often implemented by colonists, that allows the people to maintain their institutions, languages, culture, and economic systems.
G) The religious practice of worshiping animals, rocks, plants, and other similar objects.
H) A group composed of individuals who generally share a sense of common identity based on factors such as a common culture, geographic location, and religious beliefs.
I) The theories that people are superior based upon their race or what skin color they have.
J) An American group that supported Africans' return to Africa.
K) An outdated term used by Westerners to refer to groups of indigenous people in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
L) Leader of the Muslim League that founded Pakistan.
M) A conception of the self, a selection of physical, psychological, or social attributes of particular individuals.
N) The Ibo region that declared its independence from Nigeria.
O) The presence of many different groups within a specific geographical boundary.

Question 60

What is the meaning of following term:
-Biafra

A) A trade in which Arab countries enslaved Africans from south of the Sahara.
B) A state of mind in which loyalty is given to the nation to which an individual belongs.
C) The native people of Sri Lanka.
D) Leader of the Congress Party in India.
E) A system of government in which power is centralized.
F) A governmental system, often implemented by colonists, that allows the people to maintain their institutions, languages, culture, and economic systems.
G) The religious practice of worshiping animals, rocks, plants, and other similar objects.
H) A group composed of individuals who generally share a sense of common identity based on factors such as a common culture, geographic location, and religious beliefs.
I) The theories that people are superior based upon their race or what skin color they have.
J) An American group that supported Africans' return to Africa.
K) An outdated term used by Westerners to refer to groups of indigenous people in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
L) Leader of the Muslim League that founded Pakistan.
M) A conception of the self, a selection of physical, psychological, or social attributes of particular individuals.
N) The Ibo region that declared its independence from Nigeria.
O) The presence of many different groups within a specific geographical boundary.

Question 61

What is the meaning of following term:
-American Colonization Society

A) A trade in which Arab countries enslaved Africans from south of the Sahara.
B) A state of mind in which loyalty is given to the nation to which an individual belongs.
C) The native people of Sri Lanka.
D) Leader of the Congress Party in India.
E) A system of government in which power is centralized.
F) A governmental system, often implemented by colonists, that allows the people to maintain their institutions, languages, culture, and economic systems.
G) The religious practice of worshiping animals, rocks, plants, and other similar objects.
H) A group composed of individuals who generally share a sense of common identity based on factors such as a common culture, geographic location, and religious beliefs.
I) The theories that people are superior based upon their race or what skin color they have.
J) An American group that supported Africans' return to Africa.
K) An outdated term used by Westerners to refer to groups of indigenous people in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
L) Leader of the Muslim League that founded Pakistan.
M) A conception of the self, a selection of physical, psychological, or social attributes of particular individuals.
N) The Ibo region that declared its independence from Nigeria.
O) The presence of many different groups within a specific geographical boundary.

Question 62

What is the meaning of following term:
-Animism

A) A trade in which Arab countries enslaved Africans from south of the Sahara.
B) A state of mind in which loyalty is given to the nation to which an individual belongs.
C) The native people of Sri Lanka.
D) Leader of the Congress Party in India.
E) A system of government in which power is centralized.
F) A governmental system, often implemented by colonists, that allows the people to maintain their institutions, languages, culture, and economic systems.
G) The religious practice of worshiping animals, rocks, plants, and other similar objects.
H) A group composed of individuals who generally share a sense of common identity based on factors such as a common culture, geographic location, and religious beliefs.
I) The theories that people are superior based upon their race or what skin color they have.
J) An American group that supported Africans' return to Africa.
K) An outdated term used by Westerners to refer to groups of indigenous people in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
L) Leader of the Muslim League that founded Pakistan.
M) A conception of the self, a selection of physical, psychological, or social attributes of particular individuals.
N) The Ibo region that declared its independence from Nigeria.
O) The presence of many different groups within a specific geographical boundary.

Question 63

What is the meaning of following term:
-Trans-Sahara slave trade

A) A trade in which Arab countries enslaved Africans from south of the Sahara.
B) A state of mind in which loyalty is given to the nation to which an individual belongs.
C) The native people of Sri Lanka.
D) Leader of the Congress Party in India.
E) A system of government in which power is centralized.
F) A governmental system, often implemented by colonists, that allows the people to maintain their institutions, languages, culture, and economic systems.
G) The religious practice of worshiping animals, rocks, plants, and other similar objects.
H) A group composed of individuals who generally share a sense of common identity based on factors such as a common culture, geographic location, and religious beliefs.
I) The theories that people are superior based upon their race or what skin color they have.
J) An American group that supported Africans' return to Africa.
K) An outdated term used by Westerners to refer to groups of indigenous people in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
L) Leader of the Muslim League that founded Pakistan.
M) A conception of the self, a selection of physical, psychological, or social attributes of particular individuals.
N) The Ibo region that declared its independence from Nigeria.
O) The presence of many different groups within a specific geographical boundary.

Question 64

What is the meaning of following term:
-Racial theories

A) A trade in which Arab countries enslaved Africans from south of the Sahara.
B) A state of mind in which loyalty is given to the nation to which an individual belongs.
C) The native people of Sri Lanka.
D) Leader of the Congress Party in India.
E) A system of government in which power is centralized.
F) A governmental system, often implemented by colonists, that allows the people to maintain their institutions, languages, culture, and economic systems.
G) The religious practice of worshiping animals, rocks, plants, and other similar objects.
H) A group composed of individuals who generally share a sense of common identity based on factors such as a common culture, geographic location, and religious beliefs.
I) The theories that people are superior based upon their race or what skin color they have.
J) An American group that supported Africans' return to Africa.
K) An outdated term used by Westerners to refer to groups of indigenous people in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
L) Leader of the Muslim League that founded Pakistan.
M) A conception of the self, a selection of physical, psychological, or social attributes of particular individuals.
N) The Ibo region that declared its independence from Nigeria.
O) The presence of many different groups within a specific geographical boundary.

Question 65

What is the meaning of following term:
-Jawahar Lal Nehru

A) A trade in which Arab countries enslaved Africans from south of the Sahara.
B) A state of mind in which loyalty is given to the nation to which an individual belongs.
C) The native people of Sri Lanka.
D) Leader of the Congress Party in India.
E) A system of government in which power is centralized.
F) A governmental system, often implemented by colonists, that allows the people to maintain their institutions, languages, culture, and economic systems.
G) The religious practice of worshiping animals, rocks, plants, and other similar objects.
H) A group composed of individuals who generally share a sense of common identity based on factors such as a common culture, geographic location, and religious beliefs.
I) The theories that people are superior based upon their race or what skin color they have.
J) An American group that supported Africans' return to Africa.
K) An outdated term used by Westerners to refer to groups of indigenous people in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
L) Leader of the Muslim League that founded Pakistan.
M) A conception of the self, a selection of physical, psychological, or social attributes of particular individuals.
N) The Ibo region that declared its independence from Nigeria.
O) The presence of many different groups within a specific geographical boundary.

Question 66

What is the meaning of following term:
-Ali Jinnah

A) A trade in which Arab countries enslaved Africans from south of the Sahara.
B) A state of mind in which loyalty is given to the nation to which an individual belongs.
C) The native people of Sri Lanka.
D) Leader of the Congress Party in India.
E) A system of government in which power is centralized.
F) A governmental system, often implemented by colonists, that allows the people to maintain their institutions, languages, culture, and economic systems.
G) The religious practice of worshiping animals, rocks, plants, and other similar objects.
H) A group composed of individuals who generally share a sense of common identity based on factors such as a common culture, geographic location, and religious beliefs.
I) The theories that people are superior based upon their race or what skin color they have.
J) An American group that supported Africans' return to Africa.
K) An outdated term used by Westerners to refer to groups of indigenous people in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
L) Leader of the Muslim League that founded Pakistan.
M) A conception of the self, a selection of physical, psychological, or social attributes of particular individuals.
N) The Ibo region that declared its independence from Nigeria.
O) The presence of many different groups within a specific geographical boundary.

Question 67

What is the meaning of following term:
-Veddah

A) A trade in which Arab countries enslaved Africans from south of the Sahara.
B) A state of mind in which loyalty is given to the nation to which an individual belongs.
C) The native people of Sri Lanka.
D) Leader of the Congress Party in India.
E) A system of government in which power is centralized.
F) A governmental system, often implemented by colonists, that allows the people to maintain their institutions, languages, culture, and economic systems.
G) The religious practice of worshiping animals, rocks, plants, and other similar objects.
H) A group composed of individuals who generally share a sense of common identity based on factors such as a common culture, geographic location, and religious beliefs.
I) The theories that people are superior based upon their race or what skin color they have.
J) An American group that supported Africans' return to Africa.
K) An outdated term used by Westerners to refer to groups of indigenous people in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
L) Leader of the Muslim League that founded Pakistan.
M) A conception of the self, a selection of physical, psychological, or social attributes of particular individuals.
N) The Ibo region that declared its independence from Nigeria.
O) The presence of many different groups within a specific geographical boundary.

Question 68

What is the meaning of following term:
-Unitary system

A) A trade in which Arab countries enslaved Africans from south of the Sahara.
B) A state of mind in which loyalty is given to the nation to which an individual belongs.
C) The native people of Sri Lanka.
D) Leader of the Congress Party in India.
E) A system of government in which power is centralized.
F) A governmental system, often implemented by colonists, that allows the people to maintain their institutions, languages, culture, and economic systems.
G) The religious practice of worshiping animals, rocks, plants, and other similar objects.
H) A group composed of individuals who generally share a sense of common identity based on factors such as a common culture, geographic location, and religious beliefs.
I) The theories that people are superior based upon their race or what skin color they have.
J) An American group that supported Africans' return to Africa.
K) An outdated term used by Westerners to refer to groups of indigenous people in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
L) Leader of the Muslim League that founded Pakistan.
M) A conception of the self, a selection of physical, psychological, or social attributes of particular individuals.
N) The Ibo region that declared its independence from Nigeria.
O) The presence of many different groups within a specific geographical boundary.

Question 69

List the causes of ethnic conflict (8).

Question 70

List ethnic conflicts in Africa (4).

Question 71

Distinguish between ethnic conflicts and state conflicts. Why have ethnic conflicts been so prevalent since the end of the Cold War?

Question 72

What are the costs of ethnic conflicts? Be sure to include specific examples.

Question 73

Explain how ethnic conflicts can involve several states. Be sure to include specific examples.

Question 74

What are some examples of ethnic conflict in the developing world? Be sure to include examples from Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

Question 75

What can be done to resolve and prevent ethnic conflict?