Deck 18: Urinary System and Body Fluids

Question 1

The renal medulla contains the

A) glomerulus and glomerular capsule
B) proximal and distal convoluted tubules
C) distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts
D) nephron loops and collecting ducts
E) renal corpuscles and proximal convoluted tubules

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The functional unit of the kidney is the

A) glomerulus
B) pyramid
C) papilla
D) nephron
E) nephron loop

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The predominant solutes in urine are glucose and sodium.

Answer 3

False
The predominant solute is urea.

Question 4

The structures that receive the filtrate from the nephrons and take it to the minor calyces is the

A) collecting duct
B) descending limb of the nephron loop
C) renal pelvis
D) ureter
E) peritubular capillary

Question 5

The portion of the nephron that is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules is the

A) glomerular capsule
B) collecting duct
C) nephron loop
D) glomerulus
E) juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 6

Water is reabsorbed by osmosis from all parts of the renal tubule.

Question 7

The triangular,striated regions that make up the renal medulla are the renal

A) columns
B) pyramids
C) papillae
D) pelvises
E) calyces

Question 8

Urine volume increases as a result of increased ADH.

Question 9

An increase in pH above normal is termed acidosis.

Question 10

A nephron consists of a renal

A) pyramid and a renal column
B) corpuscle and a renal tubule
C) capsule and a renal pelvis
D) calyx and a renal pelvis
E) tubule and nephron loop

Question 11

The cortical material between the renal pyramids makes up the renal

A) cortex
B) pelvis
C) columns
D) papillae
E) calyces

Question 12

The respiratory system compensates for deviations in pH by adjusting the amount of carbon dioxide that is exhaled.

Question 13

Blood plasma accounts for most of the extracellular fluid volume.

Question 14

The maintenance of the volume and composition of body fluids is the basic function of the _____ system.

A) cardiovascular
B) digestive
C) nervous
D) urinary
E) respiratory

Question 15

The kidneys are

A) retroperitoneal and between twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae
B) retroperitoneal and between the second and fifth lumbar vertebrae
C) retroperitoneal and in the lower right and left quadrants of the abdomen
D) surrounded by peritoneum and attached to the posterior abdominal wall by a mesentery near the first lumbar vertebra
E) surrounded by peritoneum and attached to the posterior abdominal wall by a mesentery near the third lumbar vertebra

Question 16

Glucose normally passes freely from the blood into the glomerular capsule.

Question 17

The capillary complex within the renal corpuscle is the

A) glomerular capsule
B) glomerulus
C) nephron loop
D) peritubular capillary
E) renal papilla

Question 18

Buffers adjust deviations in pH by removing hydrogen ions from the body.

Question 19

Potassium and phosphates are the major intracellular ions.

Question 20

About 40 percent of the body weight is fluid.

Question 21

Afferent arterioles are branches of the

A) interlobar artery
B) arcuate artery
C) segmental artery
D) peritubular capillary
E) interlobular artery

Question 22

The volume of filtrate formed in a 24 hour period is about

A) 180 gallons
B) 2 liters
C) 125 gallons
D) 180 liters
E) 125 liters

Question 23

In tubular reabsorption,substances move from the

A) proximal convoluted tubule into the nephron loop
B) peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule
C) proximal convoluted tubule into the glomerular capsule
D) renal tubules into the peritubular capillaries
E) peritubular capillaries into the nephron loop

Question 24

The formation of urine involves three basic steps.These are

A) secretion, excretion, and urination
B) filtration, osmosis, and transport
C) filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion
D) osmosis, active transport, facilitated diffusion
E) tubular filtration, capsular reabsorption, capillary secretion

Question 25

If glomerular hydrostatic pressure is 60 mm Hg,glomerular osmotic pressure is 32 mm Hg,and capsular hydrostatic pressure is 18 mm Hg,the net filtration pressure is _____ mm Hg.

A) 64
B) 10
C) 20
D) 46
E) 28

Question 26

In glomerular filtration,fluid passes from the

A) glomerulus into the glomerular capsule
B) glomerular capsule into the proximal tubule
C) afferent arteriole into the glomerulus
D) glomerular capsule into the glomerulus
E) glomerulus into the efferent arteriole

Question 27

The female urethra is _____ than in the male and opens _____ to the opening for the vagina.

A) shorter; posterior
B) shorter; anterior
C) longer; posterior
D) longer; anterior

Question 28

The smooth muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder is the _____ muscle.

A) sphincter
B) detrusor
C) cremaster
D) dartos

Question 29

The openings for the ureters and urethra form a triangular area on the floor of the bladder that is called the

A) pyramid
B) detrusor area
C) prostatic area
D) trigone
E) transurethral area

Question 30

The act of expelling urine from the bladder is called

A) urination
B) voiding
C) micturition
D) both a and b
E) a, b, and c

Question 31

The urinary bladder is located _____ the peritoneum.

A) posterior to the symphysis pubis and below
B) posterior to the symphysis pubis and above
C) anterior to the symphysis pubis and below
D) anterior to the symphysis pubis and above
E) in the midline of the abdominal cavity and above

Question 32

Urine is transported away from the kidney in the

A) renal pelvis
B) renal sinus
C) ureter
D) collecting tubule
E) urethra

Question 33

Which is true concerning the internal and external urethral sphincters?

A) The internal sphincter is involuntary smooth muscle and the external is voluntary striated muscle.
B) The internal sphincter is voluntary striated muscle and the external is involuntary smooth muscle.
C) Both are involuntary smooth muscle.
D) Both are voluntary striated muscle.

Question 34

Most of the tubular reabsorption occurs in the

A) glomerular capsule
B) proximal tubule
C) nephron loop
D) distal tubule
E) collecting duct

Question 35

Some substances,such as glucose,are reabsorbed by facilitated diffusion.This means that reabsorption is limited by the

A) amount of ATP available
B) number of carrier molecules present
C) permeability of the tubular cells
D) hydrostatic pressure in the tubule
E) osmotic pressure in the tubule

Question 36

The juxtaglomerular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus are specialized cells in the

A) ascending limb of the nephron loop
B) macula densa
C) afferent arteriole
D) efferent arteriole
E) proximal convoluted tubule

Question 37

The vessel that returns blood from the kidney directly into the IVC is the _____ vein.

A) interlobar
B) renal
C) splenic
D) hepatic
E) segmental

Question 38

Water reabsorption is the result of

A) hydrostatic pressure
B) facilitated diffusion
C) active transport
D) osmosis
E) pinocytosis

Question 39

The portion of the nephron tubule that is not permeable to water is the

A) proximal convoluted tubule
B) descending limb of the nephron loop
C) ascending limb of the nephron loop
D) distal convoluted tubule
E) collecting duct

Question 40

All of the following affect net filtration pressure EXCEPT

A) blood pressure in the glomerulus
B) hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capsule
C) blood pressure in the peritubular capillaries
D) osmotic pressure in the blood of the glomerulus

Question 41

Excess hydrogen ions are removed from the blood by

A) glomerular filtration
B) tubular reabsorption
C) tubular osmosis
D) tubular secretion

Question 42

Which substance is present in the blood and filtrate but normally is not present in the urine?

A) plasma proteins
B) glucose
C) sodium
D) hydrogen ions
E) urea

Question 43

Urethratresia means

A) inflammation of the urethra
B) inflammation of the ureter
C) lack of an opening in the urethra
D) obstruction of the urethra
E) suture of the urinary bladder

Question 44

The predominant solute in urine is

A) glucose
B) urea
C) sodium
D) bicarbonate ions
E) chloride ions

Question 45

The predominant extracellular cation is

A) chloride
B) sodium
C) phosphate
D) hydrogen
E) potassium

Question 46

Substances in body fluids that help prevent significant changes in pH are

A) bicarbonate ions
B) buffers
C) weak acids
D) water molecules
E) salts

Question 47

The primary hormone that regulates electrolyte concentration is

A) antidiuretic hormone
B) angiotensin
C) aldosterone
D) atrial natriuretic hormone
E) adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 48

Which one of the following is normally present in the urine?

A) urochrome
B) albumin
C) glucose
D) ketone bodies
E) bilirubin

Question 49

A pH of 7.3 indicates

A) normal blood pH
B) acidosis
C) alkalosis
D) less than normal hydrogen ions

Question 50

An enzyme produced by the kidneys is

A) angiotensin
B) catalase
C) renin
D) erythropoietin
E) atriopeptin

Question 51

All of the following are avenues of fluid loss from the body EXCEPT

A) urine
B) perspiration
C) air that is exhaled
D) feces
E) utilization of nutrients

Question 52

Which of the following represents a normal pH for urine?

A) 3
B) 4
C) 6
D) 9
E) 10

Question 53

Three-fourths of the extracellular fluid in the body is

A) intravascular fluid
B) plasma
C) cerebrospinal fluid
D) interstitial fluid
E) fluid inside the cells

Question 54

Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by

A) vasoconstriction of systemic arteries and stimulation of aldosterone
B) vasodilation of systemic arteries and stimulation of aldosterone
C) vasoconstriction of systemic arteries and stimulation of antidiuretic hormone
D) vasodilation of systemic arteries and stimulation of antidiuretic hormone

Question 55

Which substance is present in the blood but not normally present in the filtrate or the urine?

A) plasma proteins
B) glucose
C) sodium
D) hydrogen ions
E) urea

Question 56

Aldosterone causes the reabsorption of sodium.This action triggers the passive reabsorption of _____ and _____ urine output.

A) proteins; increases
B) glucose; increases
C) glucose; decreases
D) water; decreases
E) water; increases

Question 57

The pituitary hormone that increases the permeability of collecting ducts to water is

A) oxytocin
B) antidiuretic hormone
C) luteinizing hormone
D) adrenocorticotropic hormone
E) aldosterone

Question 58

The movement of substances from the blood in the peritubular capillary into the renal tubule is known as

A) glomerular filtration
B) tubular reabsorption
C) tubular osmosis
D) tubular secretion

Question 59

The surgical removal of a stone from the renal pelvis is

A) nephrolithiasis
B) urethratresia
C) cystectasy
D) pyelolithotomy
E) periureteritis

Question 60

Under normal conditions,which of the following accounts for most fluid intake?

A) water-containing foods
B) water produced as a result of metabolism
C) water from beverages

Question 61

What is the term for the tubular structure that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the exterior?

Question 62

What are two hormones that have a direct influence urine concentration and volume?

Question 63

What is another term for urination or voiding?

Question 64

What is the term for the cluster of capillaries in the renal corpuscle?

Question 65

What is the term for the structure that forms where the ascending limb touches the afferent arteriole?

Question 66

What is the term for the process in the renal corpuscle by which plasma components leave the blood and enter the renal tubules?

Question 67

What is the term for the presence of red blood cells in the urine?

Question 68

What is the term for the central collecting structure in the kidney that is continuous with the ureter?

Question 69

What is the term for the specific region where most of the tubular reabsorption occurs?

Question 70

What is the term for the portion of renal tubule adjacent to the glomerular capsule?

Question 71

What is the term for the arteries that are located in the renal columns?

Question 72

What is the term for the striated appearing structures that make up the medulla of the kidney?

Question 73

What is the collective term for the muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder?

Question 74

What is the term for the fluid compartment that contains of the total body fluid volume?

Question 75

What is the term for the enzyme produced by the kidneys that promotes the production of angiotensin II?