Question 1

The renal medulla contains the
A) glomerulus and glomerular capsule
B) proximal and distal convoluted tubules
C) distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts
D) nephron loops and collecting ducts
E) renal corpuscles and proximal convoluted tubules

Accepted Answer

The renal medulla contains the nephron loops (also known as the loops of Henle) and collecting ducts.

Question 2

The functional unit of the kidney is the
A) glomerulus
B) pyramid
C) papilla
D) nephron
E) nephron loop

Accepted Answer

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. It is responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. The other choices, such as the glomerulus, pyramid, papilla, and nephron loop, are all components of the nephron but not the functional unit by themselves.

Question 3

The predominant solutes in urine are glucose and sodium.

Accepted Answer

The predominant solute is urea.

Question 4

The structures that receive the filtrate from the nephrons and take it to the minor calyces is the
A) collecting duct
B) descending limb of the nephron loop
C) renal pelvis
D) ureter
E) peritubular capillary

Accepted Answer

The collecting duct receives filtrate from multiple nephrons and directs it into the minor calyces, which then leads to further structures of the urinary system.

Question 5

The portion of the nephron that is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules is the
A) glomerular capsule
B) collecting duct
C) nephron loop
D) glomerulus
E) juxtaglomerular apparatus

Accepted Answer

The portion of the nephron between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules is the nephron loop, also known as the loop of Henle. This is where reabsorption and secretion of water, electrolytes, and other substances occur. The glomerular capsule surrounds the glomerulus and is where filtration of blood occurs. The collecting ducts receive urine from multiple nephrons and carry it to the renal pelvis. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is located near the glomerulus and is involved in regulating blood pressure and filtration rate.

Question 6

Water is reabsorbed by osmosis from all parts of the renal tubule.

Accepted Answer

It is reabsorbed by osmosis,but the ascending limb is impermeable to water.

Question 7

The triangular,striated regions that make up the renal medulla are the renal
A) columns
B) pyramids
C) papillae
D) pelvises
E) calyces

Accepted Answer

The renal pyramids are the triangular, striated regions that make up the renal medulla.

Question 8

Urine volume increases as a result of increased ADH.

Accepted Answer

ADH causes fluid retention and decreased urine volume.

Question 9

An increase in pH above normal is termed acidosis.

Accepted Answer

It is alkalosis.

Question 10

A nephron consists of a renal
A) pyramid and a renal column
B) corpuscle and a renal tubule
C) capsule and a renal pelvis
D) calyx and a renal pelvis
E) tubule and nephron loop

Accepted Answer

A nephron consists of a renal corpuscle, which includes the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule, and a renal tubule, which includes the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule.

Question 11

The cortical material between the renal pyramids makes up the renal
A) cortex
B) pelvis
C) columns
D) papillae
E) calyces

Accepted Answer

The cortical material between the renal pyramids is known as the renal columns. These structures extend from the outer cortex of the kidney into the medulla, separating the adjacent renal pyramids.

Question 12

The respiratory system compensates for deviations in pH by adjusting the amount of carbon dioxide that is exhaled.

Accepted Answer

The respiratory system helps to maintain acid-base balance by adjusting the amount of carbon dioxide that is exhaled. When the body's pH drops due to an increase in acid, the respiratory system increases the rate and depth of breathing to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the body, thereby helping to raise the pH. Conversely, when pH rises due to a decrease in acid, breathing may be slowed or shallow to retain carbon dioxide and lower the pH. This is referred to as respiratory compensation.

Question 13

Blood plasma accounts for most of the extracellular fluid volume.

Accepted Answer

Only 1/4 of ECF is plasma,3/4 of ECF is interstitial fluid.

Question 14

The maintenance of the volume and composition of body fluids is the basic function of the _____ system.
A) cardiovascular
B) digestive
C) nervous
D) urinary
E) respiratory

Accepted Answer

The urinary system is responsible for maintaining the volume and composition of body fluids by filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood and excreting them as urine. The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting fluids throughout the body, the digestive system is responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients, the nervous system is responsible for coordinating and controlling bodily functions, and the respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs.

Question 15

The kidneys are
A) retroperitoneal and between twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae
B) retroperitoneal and between the second and fifth lumbar vertebrae
C) retroperitoneal and in the lower right and left quadrants of the abdomen
D) surrounded by peritoneum and attached to the posterior abdominal wall by a mesentery near the first lumbar vertebra
E) surrounded by peritoneum and attached to the posterior abdominal wall by a mesentery near the third lumbar vertebra

Accepted Answer

The kidneys are retroperitoneal, meaning they are located behind the peritoneum, and are positioned between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae.

Question 16

Glucose normally passes freely from the blood into the glomerular capsule.

Accepted Answer

Glucose is a small molecule that can easily pass through the filtration membrane in the glomerular capsule, which allows it to be filtered out of the blood and into the renal tubules for further processing. However, in some conditions such as diabetes, there may be an excess of glucose in the blood that exceeds the reabsorption capacity of the renal tubules, leading to glucose in the urine (glycosuria).

Question 17

The capillary complex within the renal corpuscle is the
A) glomerular capsule
B) glomerulus
C) nephron loop
D) peritubular capillary
E) renal papilla

Accepted Answer

The capillary complex within the renal corpuscle is the glomerulus.

Question 18

Buffers adjust deviations in pH by removing hydrogen ions from the body.

Accepted Answer

The urinary system removes hydrogen ions by tubular secretion.

Question 19

Potassium and phosphates are the major intracellular ions.

Accepted Answer

Potassium and phosphates are two of the most abundant ions found within cells. Other important intracellular ions include magnesium, calcium, and chloride.

Question 20

About 40 percent of the body weight is fluid.

Accepted Answer

Sixty percent of body weight is fluid and 40 percent solutes.

Quiz 18: Urinary System and Body Fluids

The renal medulla contains the

The functional unit of the kidney is the

The predominant solutes in urine are glucose and sodium.

The structures that receive the filtrate from the nephrons and take it to the minor calyces is the

The portion of the nephron that is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules is the

Water is reabsorbed by osmosis from all parts of the renal tubule.

The triangular,striated regions that make up the renal medulla are the renal

Urine volume increases as a result of increased ADH.

An increase in pH above normal is termed acidosis.

A nephron consists of a renal

The cortical material between the renal pyramids makes up the renal

The respiratory system compensates for deviations in pH by adjusting the amount of carbon dioxide that is exhaled.

Blood plasma accounts for most of the extracellular fluid volume.

The maintenance of the volume and composition of body fluids is the basic function of the _____ system.

The kidneys are

Glucose normally passes freely from the blood into the glomerular capsule.

The capillary complex within the renal corpuscle is the

Buffers adjust deviations in pH by removing hydrogen ions from the body.

Potassium and phosphates are the major intracellular ions.

About 40 percent of the body weight is fluid.