Deck 2: Assessment: Defining and Measuring Health and Determinants of Health

Question 1

Social determinants of health include all of the following except:

A) health care system.
B) neighborhood and physical environment.
C) biologic factors such as age and sex.
D) education.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which two potentially modifiable determinants are the most important causes of preventable mortality in the United States?

A) Alcohol and obesity
B) Substance abuse and sexual activity
C) Stress and high blood pressure
D) Tobacco and diet/physical activity

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The World Health Organization (WHO) definition of good human health includes:

A) physical and social well-being.
B) mental and physical well-being.
C) mental and social well-being.
D) physical, mental, and social well-being.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is considered to be the highest quality data with respect to electronic birth records?

A) Mother's alcohol use history
B) Infant's birth weight
C) Infant's Apgar score
D) Mother's tobacco use history

Question 5

United States Census data are frequently used for getting information on all of the following except:

A) denominator data for rate calculations.
B) health behaviors.
C) health insurance coverage.
D) allocation of congressional seats.

Question 6

Which of the following is the best source of information on adult and infant mortality?

A) Disease registries
B) Death certificates
C) Special survey studies
D) Hospital care statistics

Question 7

In the United States, the national effort to improve health and well-being is known as:

A) Healthy People.
B) No Child Left Behind.
C) Mothers' March.
D) Red Cross.

Question 8

Which of the following was in the top five causes of death in both 1900 and 2016?

A) Tuberculosis
B) Malignant neoplasms
C) Heart disease
D) Diabetes

Question 9

Which of the following is not a mortality-based indicator of health status in a population?

A) Life expectancy at birth
B) Prevalence rate
C) Crude mortality rate
D) Years of potential life lost before age 65

Question 10

The mortality-based measures commonly used to describe impact of health indicators that disproportionately impact younger people is:

A) life expectancy at birth.
B) age-adjusted mortality rate.
C) crude mortality rate.
D) years of potential life lost before age 75.

Question 11

Crude and age-adjusted mortality rates have been declining at approximately the same rate in the United States over the past fifty years.

Question 12

What were the top five causes of death in 1900?

A) Diphtheria
B) Tuberculosis
C) Nephritis (all kinds)
D) Malignant neoplasms
E) Cerebrovascular disease F) Diseases of the heart
G) Influenza and pneumonia
H) Accidents/Unintentional injuries
I) Diarrhea and enteritis
J) Senility

Question 13

What were the top five causes of death in 2016?

A) Intentional self-harm
B) Tuberculosis
C) Kidney disease
D) Malignant neoplasms
E) Cerebrovascular disease
F) Diseases of the heart
G) Influenza and pneumonia
H) Accidents/Unintentional injuries
I) Chronic lower respiratory disease
J) Alzheimer disease

Question 14

By the year 2016, tuberculosis, gastroenteritis, and diphtheria fell off the list of top 10 causes of death. Which of the following is now on the list that was not on the list in 1900?

A) Malignant neoplasms
B) Sexually transmitted disease
C) Gunshot wounds
D) Intentional self-harm

Question 15

Which of the following remains an important predictor of good and poor health in our society?

A) Social standing
B) Prenatal care
C) Genetics
D) Health behaviors

Question 16

Which of the following are examples of morbidity-based indicators?

A) Preterm births
B) Homicides
C) Vaccination rates
D) Total vegetable intake

Question 17

Which of these is not a leading health topic of Healthy People 2020 initiative?

A) Injury and Violence
B) Maternal and Child Health
C) Communicable Disease
D) Reproductive and Sexual Health

Question 18

Which of the following is a commonly used measure of aggregate disease burden?

A) Disability adjusted life year
B) Years of potential life lost
C) Morbidity rate
D) Life expectancy

Question 19

Common sources of morbidity-based indicators include all but which of the following?

A) National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System
B) National Hospital Care Survey
C) National Center for Health Statistics
D) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

Question 20

Which of the following are the easiest indicators to measure?

A) Morbidity-based indicators
B) Mortality-based indicators
C) Disability-based indicators
D) Well-being indicators

Question 21

In the County Health Rankings Model, rates of immunizations and cancer screening are examples of which type of determinant of health?

A) Social/economic determinant of health
B) Physical determinant of health
C) Clinical care determinant of health
D) Health behaviors

Question 22

The measure of association that compares the risk of the health outcome in one group with the risk (usually an "exposed" group) among another group (usually the "unexposed" group) by dividing the incidence or prevalence in the first group by that of the second group is known as:

A) relative risk.
B) odds ratio.
C) attributable risk.

Question 23

The measure of association that compares the risk of the health outcome in one group with the disease (cases) to another group without the disease to evaluate possible exposure to a common risk factor is known as:

A) relative risk.
B) odds ratio.
C) attributable risk.

Question 24

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Cost-benefit analysis results are expressed in net monetary benefit, taking into account costs, benefits, and harms associated with an intervention.
B) Cost-effectiveness analyses focus on one non-monetary outcome to determine the most cost-effective intervention when several options are possible.
C) Return on investment (ROI) analyses are not an appropriate method to analyze public health interventions because it is too difficult to take into account all of the variables needed for a good ROI calculation.
D) Opportunity costs are important to consider when determining which course of action to pursue in public health.

Question 25

The World Health Organization uses "the absence of avoidable, unfair, or remediable differences among groups of people, whether those groups are defined socially, economically, demographically or geographically or by other means of stratification" to describe:

A) health.
B) health equality.
C) health equity.
D) health disparity.

Question 26

In the United States, health disparities have been identified based on which of the following?

A) Race/Ethnicity
B) Geography
C) Income
D) Sexual orientation
E) All of these are correct.

Question 27

Which of these is not a goal of the Healthy People 2020 initiative?

A) Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages
B) Assure access to health services, including clinical and community preventive services, for all age groups
C) Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
D) Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups

Question 28

Every year between 2015 and 2017, the life expectancy in the United States declined slightly. Which of the following is considered to be a significant contributing factor to this decline?

A) HIV/AIDS
B) Alzheimer disease
C) Lower vaccination rates
D) Fentanyl and other opioids

Question 29

Between 1900 and 2000:

A) life expectancy at birth increased by 15 years and crude mortality rates decreased by 25%.
B) life expectancy at birth increased by 20 years and crude mortality rates decreased by 30%.
C) life expectancy at birth increased by 25 years and crude mortality rates decreased by 40%.
D) life expectancy at birth increased by 30 years and crude mortality rates decreased by 50%.

Question 30

A common saying in public health is that your __________ is a better predictor of your long-term health than your genetic code.