Deck 7: Islamic Law

Question 1

The goal of the Prophet Muhammad was to establish a new religion

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Muslims consider the Quran a moral and ethical blueprint for a civilized society

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The Sunna is the superior source of Islamic teaching, because it was received from God

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Sunni Muslims believe that the political leadership of the Islamic faith should be based on the hereditary succession of descendents of the Prophet Muhammad

Question 5

The development of Islam benefitted from the cultural and intellectual traditions of Persia

Question 6

The development of a clerical hierarchy is a unique feature of Shia Islam and distinguishes it from Sunni Islam

Question 7

Mazalim judges were bound by rules based on Islamic law when they entertained petitions to right a wrong in their courts

Question 8

The term siyasa sharia means an administration of justice policy that is essentially in conformity with Sharia

Question 9

The Hanafi madhhab claimed all legal rules could be found in the Quran and Sunna.

Question 10

The Hanbali madhhab is the official interpreter of Islamic law in Saudi Arabia

Question 11

Sunni Islam and Shia Islam disagree about the principal tenets of the Islamic faith

Question 12

The Quran provides the devote Muslim with an explanation for the legitimacy of Sharia

Question 13

Ijma is a general consensus about a legal ruling that is reached among Islamic legal scholars

Question 14

Ijtihad is the process in which Islamic legal scholars determine a rule based on analogy

Question 15

In Islam, the Prophet Muhammad is the sole source of authority and the lawgiver

Question 16

In Islamic law, the ancient notion of collective responsibility for damages from a crime was abandoned

Question 17

Sanctions imposed under Sharia can also be considered religious decisions, because they were inspired by religious texts.

Question 18

In Islamic law, discretionary crimes are not specifically mentioned in the Quran

Question 19

Hudud crimes are associated with violations against the rights of an individual

Question 20

Quesas crimes are associated with offenses against the social order or security of the community of believers

Question 21

In cases involving hudud crimes, an Islamic judge is given a good deal of discretion in determining the punishment

Question 22

The crimes of adultery and fornication illustrate how the Islamic law is not just a code of law but also a code of morals

Question 23

In Islamic law, the victim of a quesas crime is given the opportunity to waive their right to retribution

Question 24

The Quran rejects the Judeo-Christian tradition of lex talionis

Question 25

It has been suggested by some Islamic scholars that foregoing the retributive penalty for quesas crimes and limiting it to diyya is an early acknowledgement of the importance of victimology

Question 26

Discretionary crimes are referred to as quesas

Question 27

Like hudud crimes, all tazir offenses are specified in Sharia

Question 28

Violations of religious obligations by Muslims can only be punished in the hereafter

Question 29

Sharia embraces the presumption of innocence as a right of all people

Question 30

Once puberty had begun, a person was considered criminally responsible in Islamic law, as long as they were of sound mind

Question 31

The acceptance of the Islamic faith was usually a prerequisite to permitting a person to testify in an Islamic law court.

Question 32

In Islamic law courts, only eyewitness testimony was admitted as evidence

Question 33

In Islamic law, the tradition has been for panels of three judges to handle cases in a trial court

Question 34

Mazalim judges were free to exercise their discretion beyond the procedural or evidentiary rules based on Sharia

Question 35

In Saudi Arabia, Jews and Christians are free to practice openly their religion

Question 36

In Saudi Arabia, members of the Consultative Council are elected by the citizens to a four-year term

Question 37

In Saudi Arabia, one of the principal duties of the Council of Ministers is to issue fatwas that establish general rules regarding questions submitted by the government

Question 38

In Saudi Arabia, the procedural rules for a criminal case are found in the Law of Procedure before Sharia Courts

Question 39

Within the Bureau of Investigation and Public Prosecution of Saudi Arabia there is a Committee that reviews all indictments, even before the cases go to trial, in which the death penalty, amputation or stoning is sought

Question 40

In Saudi Arabia, the Law of Criminal Procedure provides for a person's right to remain silent

Question 41

In Iran, Reza Shah Pahlavi introduced Western law codes to replace Sharia

Question 42

In Iran, a mujtahid is a cleric who has achieved distinction with the study and interpretation of Sharia

Question 43

The Islamic Republic of Iran in unique in that it is the only modern Muslim country that has turned legal and political power over to the clergy

Question 44

In the Islamic Republic of Iran, all laws must be based solely on the Quran

Question 45

As the chief executive, the President of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the most powerful individual in the country

Question 46

One of the responsibilities of the Council of Guardians in the Islamic Republic of Iran is to assure that laws are not contrary to the principles of Islam or the country's Constitution.

Question 47

In Iran, the basij is an auxiliary militia force that is composed only of men and whose mandate is to protect Islamic society

Question 48

During the late nineteenth century, the Ottoman Empire was adopting legal ideas from the United States

Question 49

In Turkey, the military has often been viewed as a most trustworthy institution in the country and one that has facilitated Turkey's efforts at modernization

Question 50

In Turkey, the legal basis for banning a political party in the past was often associated with the party's advocacy of an anti-secular policy

Question 51

The Sunna is a significant authoritative source of Islam because:

A) it reiterates the rules reflected in the Quran
B) it aids in explaining or clarifying Quaranic verses
C) it is a source of pronouncements in which the Quran was silent
D) all of these

Question 52

The most important practices of the Islamic faith include:

A) haji and zakart
B) shahada and haji
C) salat and sawm
D) all of these

Question 53

The percentage of Shia Muslims worldwide is about:

A) 10
B) 15
C) 50
D) 85

Question 54

At the time of the Prophet Muhammad's death in 632, his religious reform movement had spread:

A) throughout the Arabian Peninsula
B) to India
C) to Spain
D) to Egypt

Question 55

The group that was recognized as a legitimate guardian of the beliefs and practices of Islam was:

A) Umma
B) ulama
C) mazalim
D) none of these

Question 56

The Shia sect of Islam was first nurtured and developed in:

A) Perisa
B) Egypt
C) Saudi Arabai
D) Turkey

Question 57

During the early formative years of Islam's development, Sharia was considered:

A) a code of law
B) a code of morals
C) a preordained system of God's commands
D) all of these

Question 58

A particular focus of mazalim jurisdiction was:

A) criminal law
B) family law
C) property law
D) none of these

Question 59

In Islam the doctrine of siyasa:

A) gave the ulama direct authority in the administration of justice
B) permitted the sovereign a good deal of authority in the administration of justice
C) gave the police chief total authority in the administration of justice
D) none of these

Question 60

Islamic legal theory emerged because of:

A) legal questions associated with practical cases
B) tensions between Islamic scripture and human reason
C) arbitrary and inconsistent legal decisions of judges
D) all of these

Question 61

According to the Shafii madhhab the principal sources of Islamic law are:

A) Quran
B) Quran and Sunna
C) ijma and ijtihad
D) all of these

Question 62

Ijtihad is considered an important source of Islamic law because:

A) it claimed all legal rules can be found in the Quran
B) it enabled Islamic legal scholars to develop new theories of law
C) it adheres closely to the traditions of Arabian tribal society
D) none of these

Question 63

Islamic law emphasizes:

A) a series of duties rather than rights
B) a series of rights rather than duties
C) rights and duties equally
D) neither duties nor rights

Question 64

The Sunna consists of:

A) the spoken words of the Prophet Muhammad
B) the deeds attributed to the Prophet Muhammad
C) the revealed words of God
D) the spoken words and deeds attributed to the Prophet Muhammad

Question 65

One of the Islamic sources of law is ijma which:

A) is a general consensus among Islamic legal scholars about a legal ruling
B) must not conflict with the Quran
C) may overturn a previous consensus with a new consensus
D) all of these

Question 66

Ijtihad is used in Islamic legal reasoning:

A) when the Quran or Sunna have not addressed an issue
B) when two existing rules conflict
C) when an existing rule is vague
D) all of these

Question 67

How justice is pursued within the realm of Islamic criminal justice includes the principle:

A) of the non-retroactivity of criminal law
B) of individual criminal responsibility
C) that crimes and punishment had to be specified in law
D) all of these

Question 68

Islamic law recognizes two categories of crime:

A) felonies and misdemeanors
B) determined and discretionary crimes
C) arrestable and nonarrestable offenses
D) none of these

Question 69

In Islamic law hudud offenses are specified:

A) only in the Quran
B) only in the Sunna
C) in the Quran or Sunna
D) none of these

Question 70

In Islamic law hudud crimes are not associated with:

A) threats to the physical security of a person
B) threats to the family structure
C) threats to a person's reputation
D) threats to the moral conduct of individuals

Question 71

In Islamic law sanctions associated with hudud crimes include:

A) amputation
B) flogging
C) stoning
D) all of these

Question 72

Scholars of Islamic law have maintained that the sanctions for hudud crimes were an early version of:

A) retribution
B) deterrence
C) rehabilitation
D) none of these

Question 73

In Islamic law quesas crimes do not include:

A) assault
B) drinking wine
C) murder
D) all of these

Question 74

In Islamic law victims of quesas crimes often receive:

A) diyya
B) bloodmoney
C) compensation
D) all of these

Question 75

In Islamic law sanctions were more harsh for the perpetrator when the victim of a quesas offense was:

A) female
B) handicapped
C) infant
D) male

Question 76

A characteristic associated with a tazir offense:

A) involves physical injury to a victim
B) the Quran cites a specific sanction
C) is a less serious offense
D) none of these

Question 77

A punishment that was typically not associated with a tazir offense is:

A) amputation of the hand
B) flogging
C) imprisonment
D) a fine

Question 78

The responsibility for developing procedural rules in Islamic law was delegated to:

A) ulama
B) the ruler
C) umma
D) none of these

Question 79

In Islamic law the rules associated with the admissibility of evidence for hudud crimes includes:

A) two eyewitnesses were required
B) witnesses had to possess moral integrity
C) hearsay testimony was unacceptable
D) all of these

Question 80

In the early development of Islamic law, the jurists maintained that:

A) trials should be conducted in private
B) the accused did not have a right to assistance of counsel
C) trials should be conducted in public
D) none of these