Deck 1: The Approach and Evolution of Epidemiology

Question 1

Hospital patient rosters, death certificates, and registries of cancer and birth defects are all sources used for calculating which measure?

A) Disease control
B) Disease frequency
C) Disease distribution
D) Disease determinants

Answer 1

Disease frequency

Question 2

What man became the first epidemiologist, statistician, and demographers when he summarized the Bills of Mortality for his 1662 publication Natural and Political Observations Mentioned in a Following Index, and Made Upon the Bills of Mortality?

A) John Snow
B) John Graunt
C) James Lind
D) William Farr

Answer 2

John Graunt

Question 3

In the mid-1700s, James Lind conducted one of the earliest experimental studies on the treatment of which condition, a common disease and cause of death at the time?

A) Scurvy
B) Cholera
C) Dysentery
D) Smallpox

Answer 3

Scurvy

Question 4

The system devised by which man is the antecedent of the modern International Classification of Diseases, which categorizes diseases and causes of death?

A) John Snow
B) John Graunt
C) James Lind
D) William Farr

Question 5

Doll and Hill's first study was which type of study, which included 706 subjects who had lung cancer and 709 subjects who had diseases other than lung cancer?

A) Cohort study
B) Longitudinal study
C) Case-control study
D) Randomized controlled trial

Question 6

Which study is considered "the epitome of successful epidemiologic research" and "has become the prototype and model of the cohort study"?

A) Streptomycin Tuberculosis Trial
B) Doll and Hill's Studies on Smoking and Lung Cancer
C) The Framingham Study
D) John Snow's Cholera Study

Question 7

Which type of epidemiologist would investigate how undernutrition during gestation increases the risk of chronic diseases among adults?

A) Social epidemiologists
B) Molecular epidemiologists
C) Human genome epidemiologists
D) Life course epidemiologists

Question 8

Public health achievements are difficult to recognize because it's hard to identify people who have been spared illness.

Question 9

Because basic scientists conduct their studies in a controlled laboratory, they can regulate all important aspects of the experimental conditions.

Question 10

Clinical scientists study ways to prevent disease and promote health in the population at large.

Question 11

The focus of research for which type of science is often on the disease mechanism or process?

A) Basic science
B) Clinical science
C) Environmental science
D) Public health science

Question 12

Which of the following contribute to scientific knowledge by recording treatment and response information in patients' medical records?

A) Basic science
B) Clinical science
C) Environmental science
D) Public health science

Question 13

The units of concern for which type of scientist are groups of people living in the community rather than separate individuals visiting a healthcare facility?

A) Basic scientists
B) Clinical scientists
C) Environmental scientists
D) Public health scientists

Question 14

Which of the following, a key activity of epidemiologists, includes three steps; developing a definition of disease, instituting a mechanism to account for cases of disease within a specified population, and determining the size of the population?

A) Counting
B) Watching
C) Monitoring
D) Advocating

Question 15

Usually, which of the following are based on a combination of physical and pathological examinations, diagnostic test results, and signs and symptoms?

A) Disease controls
B) Disease frequencies
C) Disease definitions
D) Disease distributions

Question 16

Biomarkers such as serum micronutrient levels, which can determine a person's fruit and vegetable intake more accurately than can personal interviews, are used in which field of modern epidemiology?

A) Social epidemiologists
B) Molecular epidemiologists
C) Human genome epidemiologists
D) Life course epidemiologists

Question 17

Modern epidemiologists consider which study to be "a classic exemplar for the investigation of a given outcome and an array of exposures"?

A) Streptomycin Tuberculosis Trial
B) Doll and Hill's Studies on Smoking and Lung Cancer
C) The Framingham Study
D) John Snow's Cholera Study

Question 18

Epidemiologists test hypotheses by making comparisons, usually within the context of a formal epidemiological study.

Question 19

The purpose of surveillance is to monitor aspects of disease occurrence that are pertinent to effective control.

Question 20

Life course epidemiologists investigate how neighborhoods, racial discrimination, and poverty influence a person's health.