Question 1

Hospital patient rosters, death certificates, and registries of cancer and birth defects are all sources used for calculating which measure?
A) Disease control
B) Disease frequency
C) Disease distribution
D) Disease determinants

Accepted Answer

These sources provide data on the number of cases, which is essential for calculating disease frequency.

Question 2

What man became the first epidemiologist, statistician, and demographers when he summarized the Bills of Mortality for his 1662 publication Natural and Political Observations Mentioned in a Following Index, and Made Upon the Bills of Mortality?
A) John Snow
B) John Graunt
C) James Lind
D) William Farr

Accepted Answer

John Graunt is considered the first epidemiologist, statistician, and demographer for his work in analyzing the Bills of Mortality, which he published in 1662.

Question 3

In the mid-1700s, James Lind conducted one of the earliest experimental studies on the treatment of which condition, a common disease and cause of death at the time?
A) Scurvy
B) Cholera
C) Dysentery
D) Smallpox

Accepted Answer

James Lind conducted one of the earliest controlled clinical trials in 1747 to study the treatment of scurvy, a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency, which was common among sailors.

Question 4

The system devised by which man is the antecedent of the modern International Classification of Diseases, which categorizes diseases and causes of death?
A) John Snow
B) John Graunt
C) James Lind
D) William Farr

Accepted Answer

William Farr is credited with developing a system that is the antecedent of the modern International Classification of Diseases, categorizing diseases and causes of death.

Question 5

Doll and Hill's first study was which type of study, which included 706 subjects who had lung cancer and 709 subjects who had diseases other than lung cancer?
A) Cohort study
B) Longitudinal study
C) Case-control study
D) Randomized controlled trial

Accepted Answer

Doll and Hill's first study was a case-control study, which involves comparing subjects with a specific condition (lung cancer) to those without it (other diseases) to identify factors associated with the condition.

Question 6

Which study is considered "the epitome of successful epidemiologic research" and "has become the prototype and model of the cohort study"?
A) Streptomycin Tuberculosis Trial
B) Doll and Hill's Studies on Smoking and Lung Cancer
C) The Framingham Study
D) John Snow's Cholera Study

Accepted Answer

The Framingham Study is considered the epitome of successful epidemiologic research and the prototype of the cohort study due to its long-term, ongoing nature and its significant contributions to understanding cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Question 7

Which type of epidemiologist would investigate how undernutrition during gestation increases the risk of chronic diseases among adults?
A) Social epidemiologists
B) Molecular epidemiologists
C) Human genome epidemiologists
D) Life course epidemiologists

Accepted Answer

Life course epidemiologists study how factors throughout a person's life, including prenatal conditions, influence the risk of developing diseases later in life.

Question 8

Public health achievements are difficult to recognize because it's hard to identify people who have been spared illness.

Accepted Answer

Public health achievements often involve prevention, making it challenging to measure success by counting those who did not become ill due to interventions.

Question 9

Because basic scientists conduct their studies in a controlled laboratory, they can regulate all important aspects of the experimental conditions.

Accepted Answer

Basic scientists conduct their studies in a controlled laboratory environment, which allows them to regulate all important aspects of the experimental conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and light.

Question 10

Clinical scientists study ways to prevent disease and promote health in the population at large.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Clinical scientists study ways to prevent disease...

Question 11

The focus of research for which type of science is often on the disease mechanism or process?
A) Basic science
B) Clinical science
C) Environmental science
D) Public health science

Accepted Answer

Basic science research often focuses on understanding the fundamental mechanisms or processes of diseases, which can then inform clinical applications and treatments.

Question 12

Which of the following contribute to scientific knowledge by recording treatment and response information in patients' medical records?
A) Basic science
B) Clinical science
C) Environmental science
D) Public health science

Accepted Answer

Clinical science contributes to scientific knowledge by recording treatment and response information in patients' medical records, as it directly involves patient care and the study of medical interventions.

Question 13

The units of concern for which type of scientist are groups of people living in the community rather than separate individuals visiting a healthcare facility?
A) Basic scientists
B) Clinical scientists
C) Environmental scientists
D) Public health scientists

Accepted Answer

Public health scientists focus on populations and communities, aiming to improve health outcomes and prevent diseases at a community level rather than focusing on individual patients.

Question 14

Which of the following, a key activity of epidemiologists, includes three steps; developing a definition of disease, instituting a mechanism to account for cases of disease within a specified population, and determining the size of the population?
A) Counting
B) Watching
C) Monitoring
D) Advocating

Accepted Answer

Counting is a key activity of epidemiologists that involves developing a definition of disease, instituting a mechanism to account for cases of disease within a specified population, and determining the size of the population.

Question 15

Usually, which of the following are based on a combination of physical and pathological examinations, diagnostic test results, and signs and symptoms?
A) Disease controls
B) Disease frequencies
C) Disease definitions
D) Disease distributions

Accepted Answer

The answer of Usually, which of the following are based...

Question 16

Biomarkers such as serum micronutrient levels, which can determine a person's fruit and vegetable intake more accurately than can personal interviews, are used in which field of modern epidemiology?
A) Social epidemiologists
B) Molecular epidemiologists
C) Human genome epidemiologists
D) Life course epidemiologists

Accepted Answer

Molecular epidemiologists use biomarkers to study the relationship between genetic factors and environmental exposures, such as diet, to understand disease risk.

Question 17

Modern epidemiologists consider which study to be "a classic exemplar for the investigation of a given outcome and an array of exposures"?
A) Streptomycin Tuberculosis Trial
B) Doll and Hill's Studies on Smoking and Lung Cancer
C) The Framingham Study
D) John Snow's Cholera Study

Accepted Answer

Doll and Hill's Studies on Smoking and Lung Cancer is considered a classic exemplar for the investigation of a given outcome and an array of exposures because it was the first study to establish a causal link between smoking and lung cancer.

Question 18

Epidemiologists test hypotheses by making comparisons, usually within the context of a formal epidemiological study.

Accepted Answer

Epidemiologists often use formal studies to compare groups and test hypotheses about the causes and spread of diseases.

Question 19

The purpose of surveillance is to monitor aspects of disease occurrence that are pertinent to effective control.

Accepted Answer

Surveillance involves the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data to plan, implement, and evaluate public health practices, particularly for controlling diseases.

Question 20

Life course epidemiologists investigate how neighborhoods, racial discrimination, and poverty influence a person's health.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Life course epidemiologists investigate how neighborhoods, racial...

Quiz 1: The Approach and Evolution of Epidemiology

Hospital patient rosters, death certificates, and registries of cancer and birth defects are all sources used for calculating which measure?

What man became the first epidemiologist, statistician, and demographers when he summarized the Bills of Mortality for his 1662 publication Natural and Political Observations Mentioned in a Following Index, and Made Upon the Bills of Mortality?

In the mid-1700s, James Lind conducted one of the earliest experimental studies on the treatment of which condition, a common disease and cause of death at the time?

The system devised by which man is the antecedent of the modern International Classification of Diseases, which categorizes diseases and causes of death?

Doll and Hill's first study was which type of study, which included 706 subjects who had lung cancer and 709 subjects who had diseases other than lung cancer?

Which study is considered "the epitome of successful epidemiologic research" and "has become the prototype and model of the cohort study"?

Which type of epidemiologist would investigate how undernutrition during gestation increases the risk of chronic diseases among adults?

Public health achievements are difficult to recognize because it's hard to identify people who have been spared illness.

Because basic scientists conduct their studies in a controlled laboratory, they can regulate all important aspects of the experimental conditions.

Clinical scientists study ways to prevent disease and promote health in the population at large.

The focus of research for which type of science is often on the disease mechanism or process?

Which of the following contribute to scientific knowledge by recording treatment and response information in patients' medical records?

The units of concern for which type of scientist are groups of people living in the community rather than separate individuals visiting a healthcare facility?

Which of the following, a key activity of epidemiologists, includes three steps; developing a definition of disease, instituting a mechanism to account for cases of disease within a specified population, and determining the size of the population?

Usually, which of the following are based on a combination of physical and pathological examinations, diagnostic test results, and signs and symptoms?

Biomarkers such as serum micronutrient levels, which can determine a person's fruit and vegetable intake more accurately than can personal interviews, are used in which field of modern epidemiology?

Modern epidemiologists consider which study to be "a classic exemplar for the investigation of a given outcome and an array of exposures"?

Epidemiologists test hypotheses by making comparisons, usually within the context of a formal epidemiological study.

The purpose of surveillance is to monitor aspects of disease occurrence that are pertinent to effective control.

Life course epidemiologists investigate how neighborhoods, racial discrimination, and poverty influence a person's health.