Question 1

Which personal characteristic available for descriptive epidemiology is probably the most important because it is associated with striking changes in disease rates?
A) Age
B) Race
C) Gender
D) Socioeconomic status

Accepted Answer

Age is the most important characteristic in descriptive epidemiology because it is associated with significant changes in disease rates, as susceptibility and exposure to diseases often vary greatly with age.

Question 2

Which type of studies are one of the ways that epidemiologists investigate the effect of place on disease occurrence?
A) Cohort studies
B) Migrant studies
C) Case-control studies
D) Longitudinal studies

Accepted Answer

Migrant studies are used to investigate the effect of place on disease occurrence by comparing disease rates in migrants from one location to another, helping to identify environmental or lifestyle factors associated with the new location.

Question 3

The hallmark of which of the following is the occurrence of cases of disease close together in space, time, or both space and time?
A) Disease outbreak
B) Disease cluster
C) Disease transmission
D) Disease progression

Accepted Answer

A disease cluster refers to the occurrence of cases of a disease close together in space, time, or both, indicating a potential common cause or source.

Question 4

The epidemic graph cycling through progressively taller peaks that are often one incubation apart is characteristic of which of the following?
A) Point source outbreak
B) Continuous common source outbreak
C) Propagated outbreak
D) Disease cluster

Accepted Answer

A propagated outbreak is characterized by progressively taller peaks, often one incubation period apart, as the disease spreads from person to person.

Question 5

Which of the following measures is considered a sensitive indicator of the overall health of a population?
A) Incidence rate
B) Life expectancy
C) Infant mortality rate
D) Disability-adjusted life years

Accepted Answer

Infant mortality rate is a sensitive indicator of the overall health of a population as it reflects the socio-economic conditions, healthcare access, and overall living conditions.

Question 6

Because which type of data is completely reported for the entire country, it can be used to study fatal illnesses on a national, state, city, or neighborhood level?
A) Natality data
B) Morbidity data
C) Mortality data
D) Incidence data

Accepted Answer

Mortality data is completely reported for the entire country and can be used to study fatal illnesses at various levels, including national, state, city, or neighborhood.

Question 7

The dramatic reduction in children's blood levels of which substance has been hailed as "one of the most remarkable public health achievements" and is the result of a concerted governmental action over several decades?
A) Iron
B) Glucose
C) Lead
D) Arsenic

Accepted Answer

The reduction in children's blood lead levels is due to the removal of lead from gasoline, paint, and other products, significantly decreasing exposure and improving public health.

Question 8

Analysis of the changes in disease and death rates over calendar time provides epidemiologists with useful information for causal research and public health planning and evaluation.

Accepted Answer

Analyzing changes in disease and death rates over time helps epidemiologists identify trends, potential causes, and the effectiveness of public health interventions, aiding in research and planning.

Question 9

Though infectious diseases are most common, outbreaks may also be from noninfectious causes.

Accepted Answer

Outbreaks can result from noninfectious causes such as chemical exposures, environmental toxins, or other factors that affect a large number of people simultaneously.

Question 10

The shape of an outbreak curve can be used to make inferences about an outbreak's most likely mode of transmission.

Accepted Answer

An outbreak curve, which plots the number of cases over time, can help identify patterns that suggest specific modes of transmission, such as point source, continuous common source, or propagated spread.

Question 11

One of the earliest associations between which of the following and disease was observed almost 200 years ago by Dr. Percivall Pott, who noted that London chimney sweeps had a high rate of scrotal cancer?
A) Race
B) Gender
C) Occupation
D) Socioeconomic status

Accepted Answer

Dr. Percivall Pott observed that chimney sweeps, due to their occupation, had a high incidence of scrotal cancer, linking occupational exposure to disease.

Question 12

Tay-Sachs disease, a degenerative disease of the brain and nervous system, is an example of how which of the following can influence disease rates?
A) Age
B) Gender
C) Occupation
D) Religious affiliation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tay-Sachs disease, a degenerative disease of the...

Question 13

Internet surveillance has contributed to the early identification of which of the following, including searches of global media sources such as news wires?
A) Disease outbreaks
B) Disease clusters
C) Disease transmission
D) Disease progression

Accepted Answer

Internet surveillance can help identify disease outbreaks early by monitoring news wires and other global media sources for reports of unusual illnesses or clusters of cases.

Question 14

Which of the following provide information on the ultimate effect of a disease?
A) Natality data
B) Morbidity data
C) Mortality data
D) Incidence data

Accepted Answer

Mortality data provides information on the ultimate effect of a disease, as it records the number of deaths caused by the disease.

Question 15

Which of the following along with state and local surveillance programs serve as the primary data sources on the descriptive epidemiology of elevated blood lead levels among U.S. children?
A) National Survey of Family Growth
B) National Health Interview Survey
C) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
D) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

Accepted Answer

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a primary data source for monitoring blood lead levels in U.S. children, providing comprehensive health and nutrition data, including environmental exposures.

Question 16

The most marked declines in HIV diagnoses from 2005 to 2014 occurred in which patient population?
A) Women
B) Homosexuals
C) Heterosexuals
D) Intravenous drug users

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most marked declines in HIV diagnoses...

Question 17

Like other types of cancer, a malignancy in the breast is thought to develop through a multistage process known as carcinogenesis. Which of the following represents the first step in this process?
A) Initiation
B) Promotion
C) Progression
D) Mutation

Accepted Answer

Initiation is the first step in carcinogenesis, where a normal cell undergoes a genetic mutation that makes it more likely to become cancerous.

Question 18

The frequency of most diseases decreases with age.

Accepted Answer

The frequency of most diseases actually increases with age due to factors like weakened immune systems, accumulated exposure to risk factors, and age-related physiological changes.

Question 19

In the 2010 U.S. Census, "Some Other Race" represented the third largest race group primarily because almost half of Hispanic or Latino respondents do not identify within any of the racial categories as defined in the U.S. Census.

Accepted Answer

Many Hispanic or Latino respondents chose "Some Other Race" because they did not see themselves fitting into the standard racial categories provided by the U.S. Census, leading to it being the third largest race group in 2010.

Question 20

If the rate of disease among migrants approaches that of the host country, epidemiologists hypothesize that environmental factors may cause the disease.

Accepted Answer

When migrants' disease rates align with those of the host country, it suggests that environmental factors, rather than genetic or cultural factors, may be influencing the disease prevalence.

Quiz 5: Descriptive Epidemiology

Which personal characteristic available for descriptive epidemiology is probably the most important because it is associated with striking changes in disease rates?

Which type of studies are one of the ways that epidemiologists investigate the effect of place on disease occurrence?

The hallmark of which of the following is the occurrence of cases of disease close together in space, time, or both space and time?

The epidemic graph cycling through progressively taller peaks that are often one incubation apart is characteristic of which of the following?

Which of the following measures is considered a sensitive indicator of the overall health of a population?

Because which type of data is completely reported for the entire country, it can be used to study fatal illnesses on a national, state, city, or neighborhood level?

The dramatic reduction in children's blood levels of which substance has been hailed as "one of the most remarkable public health achievements" and is the result of a concerted governmental action over several decades?

Analysis of the changes in disease and death rates over calendar time provides epidemiologists with useful information for causal research and public health planning and evaluation.

Though infectious diseases are most common, outbreaks may also be from noninfectious causes.

The shape of an outbreak curve can be used to make inferences about an outbreak's most likely mode of transmission.

One of the earliest associations between which of the following and disease was observed almost 200 years ago by Dr. Percivall Pott, who noted that London chimney sweeps had a high rate of scrotal cancer?

Tay-Sachs disease, a degenerative disease of the brain and nervous system, is an example of how which of the following can influence disease rates?

Internet surveillance has contributed to the early identification of which of the following, including searches of global media sources such as news wires?

Which of the following provide information on the ultimate effect of a disease?

Which of the following along with state and local surveillance programs serve as the primary data sources on the descriptive epidemiology of elevated blood lead levels among U.S. children?

The most marked declines in HIV diagnoses from 2005 to 2014 occurred in which patient population?

Like other types of cancer, a malignancy in the breast is thought to develop through a multistage process known as carcinogenesis. Which of the following represents the first step in this process?

The frequency of most diseases decreases with age.

In the 2010 U.S. Census, "Some Other Race" represented the third largest race group primarily because almost half of Hispanic or Latino respondents do not identify within any of the racial categories as defined in the U.S. Census.

If the rate of disease among migrants approaches that of the host country, epidemiologists hypothesize that environmental factors may cause the disease.