Deck 2: Critical Care Nurse (CCN)

Question 1

Age-associated bone loss among the elderly:

A)Is always reversed with calcium supplementation
B)Can be prevented by cardiovascular exercise such as swimming
C)Affects both trabecular and cortical bone
D)May be slowed by the use of steroid drugs

Answer 1

Affects both trabecular and cortical bone

Question 2

Calculation of resting energy expenditure (REE) for obese individuals is subject to error because:

A)Using ideal body weight to calculate REE may overestimate the energy needed to move excess weight.
B)Adipose tissue is not as metabolically active as lean body mass.
C)Obese people burn more calories than lean individuals.
D)Less than 10% of the excess weight of obese individuals is metabolically active.

Answer 2

Adipose tissue is not as metabolically active as lean body mass.

Question 3

Tropical sprue differs from celiac sprue in what way(s)?

A)Tropical sprue cause more damage to the intestinal villi.
B)Tropical sprue is usually caused by bacterial contamination.
C)Tropical sprue is successfully treated with antibiotics, folate, and intramuscular vitamin B12.
D)B & C

Answer 3

B & C

Question 4

What effect does cooking have on carbohydrates in foods?

A)Helps soften cellulose
B)Makes starch less digestible
C)Breaks disaccharides down into monosaccharides
D)A & C

Question 5

The pigment responsible for the bright red color of tomatoes is:

A)Limonene
B)Anthocyanin
C)Lycopene
D)Lutein

Question 6

Peppermint, chocolate, and caffeine are avoided during treatment for hiatal hernia because:

A)These foods increase esophageal sphincter pressure.
B)These foods decrease esophageal sphincter pressure.
C)These foods cause gastric distension.
D)These foods stimulate the gallbladder to release bile.

Question 7

The oliguric phase of acute renal failure is treated with all of the following except:

A)20-40 mEq sodium per day
B)Protein intake of less than 0.6 mg/kg per day
C)Fluid restriction of less than 500 ml per day
D)50-60 kcal/kg body weight per day

Question 8

Features of the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) include:

A)Use of a 20-question checklist to assess nutritional and health status of elders
B)Identification of factors that place elders at increased nutritional risk
C)A focus on elders between the ages of 65 and 75 years
D)Identification of elders who have a BMI of less than 20

Question 9

Alcoholic neuropathy is treated with which of the following?

A)B-complex vitamin supplementation
B)50-100 mg vitamin B1
C)Both A & B
D)Neither A or B

Question 10

Nutritional concerns following a vagotomy include:

A)Increased gastric motility
B)Diminished intrinsic factor and B12 absorption
C)Dumping syndrome
D)B & C

Question 11

The Feingold Diet used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children eliminates:

A)Lactose and sorbitol
B)Artificial food colorings, additives, and preservatives
C)Gluten and casein
D)Fructose and phenols

Question 12

The nutritional needs of a patient with moderate facial hypertonia may be met with what kind of feeding:

A)TPN
B)Enteral feeding via nasogastric tube
C)Clear liquid diet
D)National Dysphagia Diet Level 1

Question 13

A researcher is investigating the effects of income on fresh fruit and vegetable consumption. Her data show that income and fresh orange juice consumption are positively associated at a "p" level of 0.001. What conclusion(s) can be drawn from the "p" value?

A)There is no relationship between income and fresh orange juice consumption.
B)Income is a strong predictor of fresh orange juice intake.
C)People who make less money do not buy fresh orange juice
D)Fresh orange juice is more expensive than frozen orange juice.

Question 14

You have been asked to teach a nutrition class to a group of pregnant teenagers. The girls range in age from 14-16; about ¾ of the group attends high school, while the other quarter has dropped out. What type of instruction would be most effective for working with this group?

A)An hour-long lecture about the Food Pyramid with handouts
B)A short film strip about nutrition geared to teenagers followed by an informal discussion
C)A simple hands-on cooking demonstration with emphasis on healthy meals and snacks
D)B & C

Question 15

Behavioral modification is based on which of the following principles?

A)Behaviors have consequences that lead to reward or punishments.
B)Rewards for positive behavior should not be given immediately.
C)Positive reinforcement can promote positive behavioral change.
D)A & C

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT true of a randomized, double-blind clinical research trial?

A)Participants in the treatment group are carefully matched to control subjects.
B)Both the study investigators and participants are unaware of which subjects are receiving treatment or intervention.
C)Placebo treatments are never used.
D)Participants are divided into treatment/control groups without bias.

Question 17

In behavior modification, the term extinction is defined as:

A)Punishing undesirable behaviors with negative feedback
B)Encouraging repetition of desirable behaviors
C)Reducing undesirable behaviors by withholding positive reinforcement
D)Identifying behaviors that were common in childhood

Question 18

Which of the following statements demonstrates the correct wording for a null hypothesis?

A)Women who consume large amounts of dietary fiber have the same rates of cardiovascular disease as women who consume lesser amounts of dietary fiber.
B)Women who consume large amounts of dietary fiber have lower rates of cardiovascular disease than women who consume lesser amounts of dietary fiber.
C)Dietary fiber intake does not affect rates of cardiovascular disease in women.
D)Women should eat more dietary fiber to lower their risk of cardiovascular disease.

Question 19

The process in which the liver produces glucose from glycerol or amino acids is known as:

A)Krebs cycle
B)Gluconeogenesis
C)Glycolysis
D)Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 20

The limiting amino acid in soybeans is:

A)Tryptophan
B)Arginine
C)Histadine
D)Methionine

Question 21

Identify the independent and dependent variables in the following statement: "Use of statin drugs reduces the risk of heart disease in men between the ages of 45 and 65."

A)Independent variable: heart disease; dependent variable: statin drugs
B)Independent variable: statin drugs; dependent variable: heart disease
C)Independent variable: statin drugs; dependent variable: 45-65-year-old men
D)Independent variable: 45-65-year-old men; dependent variable: statin drugs

Question 22

Which of the following is true about whole wheat flour?

A)It contains the aleurone and scutellum segments of the grain.
B)It is a good source of B vitamins and vitamin E.
C)It is often used in pastry baking.
D)A & B

Question 23

Which of the following are not considered to be essential amino acids for adults:

A)Leucine, lysine, tryptophan
B)Alanine, proline, cysteine
C)Histidine, arginine, threonine
D)Phenylalanine, valine, methionine

Question 24

Which of the following are used to calculate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

A)Height, weight, serum creatinine
B)BUN, plasma electrolytes, serum osmolality
C)Age, race, gender
D)A & C

Question 25

An allergic reaction in which a food allergen binds to the intestinal antibody IgE is known as:

A)Anthus reaction
B)Cytotoxic reaction
C)Delayed hypersensitivity
D)Immediate hypersensitivity

Question 26

The mechanism by which intestinal mucosa are damaged in celiac sprue involves:

A)Immunologic response to gliadin mediated by T lymphocytes
B)The breakdown of gliadin into methionine and free fatty acids
C)Binding of gliadin to receptor sites on the mucosal cell wall
D)A & C

Question 27

The level of sodium restriction recommended for congestive heart failure (CHF):

A)Depends on the level of cardiac decompensation
B)Is usually 2-3 grams per day
C)May range from 100-150 mEq
D)Is dependent on which diuretics are used

Question 28

A medication which needs to be discontinued in a uremic patient is:

A)Epogen
B)Kayexelate
C)Humulin
D)Triamterene

Question 29

The dietary treatment for homocystinuria includes:

A)Treatment with supplemental methionine
B)Treatment with supplemental vitamin B6
C)1)5 g protein per kg body weight
D)Branched-chain amino acids

Question 30

Which of the following statements is true for hypertriglyceridemia?

A)It is considered to be a risk factor for diabetes.
B)It is defined as plasma triglycerides > 250 mg/dl.
C)The American Heart Association recommends maintaining a serum triglyceride level < 80 mg/dl.
D)It can always be treated with diet.

Question 31

The most common pediatric food allergies are:

A)Shellfish, citrus fruit, beef
B)Corn, rice, rye
C)Milk, soy, peanuts
D)Potatoes, bananas, tomatoes

Question 32

Which of the following is associated with Prader Willi syndrome (PWS)?

A)Low birth weight and failure to thrive in infancy
B)Childhood obesity and uncontrollable hunger
C)An error on chromosome 15
D)All of the above

Question 33

Which of the following nutrients produces an RQ (Respiratory Quotient) of 1.0, as measured by indirect calorimetry?

A)Protein
B)Fat
C)Carbohydrate
D)All of the above

Question 34

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) uses which of the following criteria to qualify participants?

A)Nutritional risk
B)Income
C)Proof of US citizenship
D)A & B

Question 35

The Scope of Dietetics Practice Framework (SODPF) includes all of the following except:

A)Standards of Practice
B)Code of Ethics
C)Public Policy Statements
D)Decision Analysis Tree

Question 36

The first goal of nutrition therapy for anorexia nervosa is:

A)Increase daily caloric intake by 100-300 calories
B)Re-establish regular meal and snack times
C)Correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances
D)Stop laxative abuse

Question 37

A key finding from the Strong Heart Diet Study is:

A)Rates of non-modifiable risk factors are higher among Native Americans than the rest of the population.
B)Genetic predisposition accounts for 75% of the diabetes among Native Americans.
C)Native Americans consume inadequate amounts of B-complex vitamins and calcium.
D)Cigarette smoking is the most common cardiovascular risk factor among Native Americans.

Question 38

Dietary treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is based on which of the following principles?

A)Decreased fluid intake to minimize edema
B)Avoidance of large meals to lessen pressure on the airway and lungs
C)Consideration of nutrients affected by steroid use
D)B & C

Question 39

The Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) has which of the following goals?

A)To increase the prevalence of breast-feeding among newborns
B)To assess the types of foods most commonly eaten by infants and young children
C)To provide basic information about pediatric nutrition to new mothers
D)To increase fruit and vegetable intakes among toddlers

Question 40

Recommendations for lipid screening in children include:

A)Screening of children whose parents had coronary events before 60 years of age
B)Screening of children with a history of familial hyperlipidemia
C)Screening of children whose parents have blood cholesterol levels greater than 200 mg/dl
D)All of the above

Question 41

Energy intakes of obese children should be based on:

A)Calories needed to promote weight loss
B)Calories needed to slow the rate of weight gain
C)Calories needed for increased physical activity
D)Calories needed to reach normal weight for height in puberty

Question 42

Problems encountered in delivering nutrition services to migrant populations include:

A)Lack of portable medical records
B)Limited access to referral systems
C)Absence of continuity of care
D)All of the above

Question 43

Intake of fermented foods and aged cheeses needs to be avoided in individuals taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO inhibitors) because of:

A)Decreased intestinal absorption of pyridoxine
B)Disruption of the NADPH cytochrome pathway
C)Potential interaction between epinephrine and pressor amines
D)Increased urinary excretion of calcium

Question 44

The hypermetabolic state accompanying infection, injury or burns is characterized by:

A)10% decrease in BMR
B)Increased gluconeogenesis
C)Decreased glycogenolysis
D)Increased ketosis

Question 45

Stomatis is treated with which of the following dietary interventions?

A)Supplementation with iron
B)Clear liquid diet
C)Avoidance of acidic and spicy foods
D)A & C

Question 46

Low-salt syndrome may be caused by:

A)Extreme sodium restriction due to congestive heart failure
B)Decreased glomerular filtration rate
C)Adrenal gland insufficiency
D)All of the above

Question 47

Fluid needs are highest in which group?

A)Infants less than 12 months of age
B)Elderly greater than 80 years of age
C)Children 5-10 years of age
D)Lactating women

Question 48

The primary immunoglobulin in human breast milk is:

A)Beta lymphocytes
B)IgM antibody
C)Iron-binding lactoferrin
D)Secretory IgA