Question 1

At what age do children typically develop gender identity (the ability to label each correctly)?&#10;A)1 -1/2 years&#10;B)2-1/2 years&#10;C)3-1/2 years&#10;D)6 years

Accepted Answer

Children typically develop gender identity around 2-1/2 years of age, when they can correctly label themselves and others as male or female.

Question 2

Which of Erikson's Psychosocial Stages characterizes adolescence?&#10;A)industry vs. inferiority&#10;B)intimacy vs. isolation&#10;C)identity vs identity diffusion&#10;D)initiative vs guilt

Accepted Answer

During adolescence, Erikson's psychosocial stage of identity vs. identity diffusion focuses on the development of a personal identity and sense of self. This stage is crucial for teenagers as they explore different roles and ideas to form a unique identity.

Question 3

The rooting reflex occurs when a:&#10;A)newborn\s foot is tickled.&#10;B)newborn\s cheek is touched.&#10;C)newborn hears a loud noise.&#10;D)newborn makes eye contact with his or her caregiver.

Accepted Answer

The rooting reflex is a natural instinct in newborns, where touching their cheek causes them to turn their head toward the touch and open their mouth. This reflex helps them find the breast or bottle for feeding.

Question 4

Which of the following was not mentioned in the text as a criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?&#10;A)it does not account for the fact that the development of moral reasoning is culture- specific.&#10;B)postconventional morality appears mostly in educated, middle-class persons.&#10;C)the theory is biased against the moral reasoning of people in communal societies such as china.&#10;D)the theory is biased in favor of moral reasoning in men

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's theory has been criticized for being biased against communal societies and favoring male moral reasoning, and for postconventional morality being more common in educated, middle-class individuals. However, the criticism that it does not account for culture-specific development of moral reasoning was not mentioned.

Question 5

Which of the following theories best exemplifies continuity?&#10;A)erikson\s psychosocial theory&#10;B)vygotsky\s sociocultural theory&#10;C)piaget\s cognitive development theory&#10;D)kohlberg's theory of moral development

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes continuous development through social interaction and cultural tools, suggesting that learning is a gradual, ongoing process.

Question 6

Jean Piaget defined egocentrism as:&#10;A)the belief that young adults don	 listen to their parents&#10;B)the idea that preschool children cannot see things from another\s point of view&#10;C)the understanding that young children cannot learn outside of a structured classroom&#10;D)the idea that young children are selfish and grow out of it over time

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism, according to Jean Piaget, is the inability of preschool children to see things from perspectives other than their own. This is a characteristic of the preoperational stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Question 7

Monica is extremely neat and orderly. She cannot stand it when people touch things on her desk. She also has a problem lending money to even her closest friends. Freud would say she is stuck in what psychosexual stage?

A)oral
B)anal
C)phallic
D)latency

Accepted Answer

Monica's behaviors of being extremely neat and orderly, along with her reluctance to lend money, can be interpreted through Freudian psychology as indicative of traits developed during the anal stage of psychosexual development. This stage is characterized by issues related to control, such as those involving bowel movements in children, which Freud believed could lead to traits of orderliness, stinginess, and stubbornness in adulthood.

Question 8

According to Erik Erikson, what is one major conflict teenagers deal with during the identity versus role confusion stage of psychosocial development?&#10;A)finding a more purposeful life as an adult&#10;B)achieving personal satisfaction&#10;C)reflecting on previous life challenges&#10;D)finding intimacy by developing loving relationships

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory posits that during the identity versus role confusion stage, typically occurring during the teenage years, individuals are primarily concerned with finding their own identity and seeing where they fit in the world, which aligns with the concept of finding a more purposeful life as an adult.

Question 9

According to Erik Erikson, as a young adult you are most interested in developing:&#10;A)initiative&#10;B)integrity&#10;C)trust&#10;D)intimacy

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development posits that during young adulthood, individuals are primarily focused on developing intimacy versus isolation. This stage emphasizes forming close, intimate relationships with others.

Question 10

As children begin their elementary school years, they enter Erikson's stage of:&#10;A)trust versus mistrust&#10;B)autonomy versus doubt&#10;C)initiative versus guilt&#10;D)industry versus inferiority

Accepted Answer

During the elementary school years, children are in Erikson's stage of industry versus inferiority, where they work to gain competence and skills.

Question 11

Which of the following is a similarity between the cognitive developmental theory of Piaget and the moral developmental theory of Kohlberg?&#10;A)both theories stress the importance of changes in thinking in their stages.&#10;B)both believe personality is formed in the first 5 years.&#10;C)both theories stress the importance of the third stage in the developmental process.&#10;D)both developed a life span theory and had eight stages.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a similarity...

Question 12

According to social learning theory, gender identity is
I. A process which occurs when young children unconsciously identify with the same-sex parent.
II. A result of being positively reinforced for acting in ways that conform to male and female roles.
III. Learned through observing and imitating role models like their parents.

A)i only
B)ii only
C)iii only
D)ii and iii only

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to social learning theory, gender identity...

Question 13

Which of the following theories best exemplifies continuity?&#10;A)erikson\s psychosocial theory&#10;B)vygotsky\s sociocultural theory&#10;C)piaget\s cognitive development theory&#10;D)kohlberg\s theory of moral development

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following theories best exemplifies...

Question 14

Which of the following reflexes is not a reflex infants enter the world equipped with?&#10;A)sucking&#10;B)swallowing&#10;C)stepping&#10;D)licking

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following reflexes is not...

Question 15

Temperament is best defined as:&#10;A)personality traits inherited from biological parents&#10;B)learned behavioral tendencies of a young child&#10;C)physical and emotional characteristics of a newborn child and young infant&#10;D)psychological and physiological personality traits a young child models from his

Accepted Answer

The answer of Temperament is best defined as:&#10;A)personality traits inherited...

Deck 4: Developmental Psychology: Understanding Gender Identity, Psychosocial Stages, and Cognitive Development