Question 1

At what age do children typically develop gender identity (the ability to label each correctly)?

Accepted Answer

Children typically develop gender identity around 2-1/2 years of age, when they can correctly label themselves and others as male or female.

Question 2

Which of Erikson's Psychosocial Stages characterizes adolescence?

Accepted Answer

During adolescence, Erikson's psychosocial stage of identity vs. identity diffusion focuses on the development of a personal identity and sense of self. This stage is crucial for teenagers as they explore different roles and ideas to form a unique identity.

Question 3

The rooting reflex occurs when a:

Accepted Answer

The rooting reflex is a natural instinct in newborns, where touching their cheek causes them to turn their head toward the touch and open their mouth. This reflex helps them find the breast or bottle for feeding.

Question 4

Which of the following was not mentioned in the text as a criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's theory has been criticized for being biased against communal societies and favoring male moral reasoning, and for postconventional morality being more common in educated, middle-class individuals. However, the criticism that it does not account for culture-specific development of moral reasoning was not mentioned.

Question 5

Which of the following theories best exemplifies continuity?

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes continuous development through social interaction and cultural tools, suggesting that learning is a gradual, ongoing process.

Question 6

Jean Piaget defined egocentrism as:

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism, according to Jean Piaget, is the inability of preschool children to see things from perspectives other than their own. This is a characteristic of the preoperational stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Question 7

Monica is extremely neat and orderly. She cannot stand it when people touch things on her desk. She also has a problem lending money to even her closest friends. Freud would say she is stuck in what psychosexual stage?

Accepted Answer

Monica's behaviors of being extremely neat and orderly, along with her reluctance to lend money, can be interpreted through Freudian psychology as indicative of traits developed during the anal stage of psychosexual development. This stage is characterized by issues related to control, such as those involving bowel movements in children, which Freud believed could lead to traits of orderliness, stinginess, and stubbornness in adulthood.

Question 8

According to Erik Erikson, what is one major conflict teenagers deal with during the identity versus role confusion stage of psychosocial development?

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory posits that during the identity versus role confusion stage, typically occurring during the teenage years, individuals are primarily concerned with finding their own identity and seeing where they fit in the world, which aligns with the concept of finding a more purposeful life as an adult.

Question 9

According to Erik Erikson, as a young adult you are most interested in developing:

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development posits that during young adulthood, individuals are primarily focused on developing intimacy versus isolation. This stage emphasizes forming close, intimate relationships with others.

Question 10

As children begin their elementary school years, they enter Erikson's stage of:

Accepted Answer

During the elementary school years, children are in Erikson's stage of industry versus inferiority, where they work to gain competence and skills.

Question 11

Which of the following is a similarity between the cognitive developmental theory of Piaget and the moral developmental theory of Kohlberg?

Accepted Answer

Both Piaget's cognitive developmental theory and Kohlberg's moral developmental theory emphasize the significance of changes in thinking processes as individuals progress through different stages of development.

Question 12

According to social learning theory, gender identity is
I. A process which occurs when young children unconsciously identify with the same-sex parent.
II. A result of being positively reinforced for acting in ways that conform to male and female roles.
III. Learned through observing and imitating role models like their parents.

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory suggests that gender identity is shaped both by reinforcement (children receive for gender-specific behaviors) and by modeling (observing and imitating the behavior of same-sex parents or other role models).

Question 13

Which of the following theories best exemplifies continuity?

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory exemplifies continuity because it emphasizes the continuous process of development through social interaction and the gradual acquisition of knowledge, skills, and cultural norms.

Question 14

Which of the following reflexes is not a reflex infants enter the world equipped with?

Accepted Answer

Licking is not a reflex that infants are born with. Infants come into the world with several innate reflexes necessary for their survival, such as sucking, swallowing, and stepping, but licking is not categorized among these essential newborn reflexes.

Question 15

Temperament is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Temperament is best defined as:
...

Quiz 4: Developmental Psychology: Understanding Gender Identity, Psychosocial Stages, and Cognitive Development

At what age do children typically develop gender identity (the ability to label each correctly) ?

Which of Erikson's Psychosocial Stages characterizes adolescence?

The rooting reflex occurs when a:

Which of the following was not mentioned in the text as a criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Which of the following theories best exemplifies continuity?

Jean Piaget defined egocentrism as:

Monica is extremely neat and orderly. She cannot stand it when people touch things on her desk. She also has a problem lending money to even her closest friends. Freud would say she is stuck in what psychosexual stage?

According to Erik Erikson, what is one major conflict teenagers deal with during the identity versus role confusion stage of psychosocial development?

According to Erik Erikson, as a young adult you are most interested in developing:

As children begin their elementary school years, they enter Erikson's stage of:

Which of the following is a similarity between the cognitive developmental theory of Piaget and the moral developmental theory of Kohlberg?

Which of the following theories best exemplifies continuity?

Which of the following reflexes is not a reflex infants enter the world equipped with?

Temperament is best defined as: