Deck 3: Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene

Question 1

Anatomy is the study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts. How many branches of anatomy are there?

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)1

Answer 1

3

Question 2

In what cavity is the cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity found?

A)Dorsal
B)Ventral
C)Pericardial
D)Mediastinum

Answer 2

Dorsal

Question 3

What is osteology?

A)Study of bones
B)Study of skeleton
C)Study of muscles
D)Study of tissue

Answer 3

Study of bones

Question 4

What protects the soft tissues and organs of the body?

A)Hard tissue
B)Cartilage
C)Bone
D)Skin

Question 5

What are the two classifications of joints?

A)Tarsus and fibrous
B)Functional and fibrous
C)Synovial and structural
D)Structural and functional

Question 6

What group of joints allows for movements around three or more axes in three or more planes?

A)Synovial
B)Condyloid
C)Multiaxial
D)Biaxial

Question 7

Where are the bones hyoid, atlas, and axis?

A)Back
B)Neck
C)Jaw
D)Shoulder

Question 8

What bilateral joint is between the immovable temporal bones of the skull and the movable mandible?

A)Geniohyoid
B)Temporomandibular
C)Joint
D)Stylohyoid

Question 9

What is the occlusal plane?

A)An imaginary vertical line that divides the face when mouth is open and head is tilted
B)An imaginary two directional (vertical and horizontal) line that divides the face into quarters
C)An imaginary horizontal line that is formed when the mouth is open on the occlusal surfaces
D)An imaginary horizontal line that is formed by the occlusal surfaces when the jaw is closed

Question 10

Linguodental creates what anatomic sound?

A)Th
B)Sh
C)F
D)B

Question 11

Bilabial creates the sounds associated with the letters b, p, and m. It is created when lips are pressed together. These and other speech sounds are considered:

A)Sound gradation
B)Anatomic sound formation
C)Sound irregularities
D)Anatomic speech mechanisms

Question 12

Linguopalatal sounds are made with which part of the mouth?

A)Lips
B)Tongue
C)Palate
D)Teeth

Question 13

Ginglymodiarthrodial joints connect the lower jaw to the skull. What type of movement do these joints display?

A)Sliding
B)Immovable
C)Freely movable
D)Gliding

Question 14

What surrounds the teeth in a scalloped outline?

A)Col
B)Interdental gingiva
C)Papillae
D)Marginal gingiva

Question 15

What does the masticatory system consist of?

A)Maxillary
B)Skull and vertebrae
C)Mandible
D)Mandible and maxillary

Question 16

What is present in only 50 percent of the gingival surfaces?

A)Gingival groove
B)Interdental gingiva
C)Papillae
D)Marginal gingiva

Question 17

When smiling, the black space between the buccal surface of the teeth and the cheek are the what?

A)Golden proportion
B)Black corridors
C)Buccal corridors
D)Occlusal proportion

Question 18

The anatomy of deciduous teeth is:

A)Deep
B)Shallow
C)Long
D)Prominent

Question 19

Diphyodonts have how many sets of teeth in a lifetime?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)Diphyodonts do not have teeth.

Question 20

What bone forms the mandible and maxilla?

A)Endochondral ossification
B)Chondrocytes
C)Intramembranous ossification
D)Osteocytes

Question 21

What surface junction does the vermillion zone meet?

A)Skin, inner eye
B)Skin, oral mucosa
C)Skin, nasal cavity
D)There is no such zone.

Question 22

What is the only tooth with one cusp?

A)Canines
B)Premolars
C)Primary
D)Permanent

Question 23

How many basic shapes do teeth with a cervical cross-section and one root have?

A)2
B)3
C)1
D)5

Question 24

What type of fibers run a horizontal path from adjacent teeth?

A)Gingival groove fibers
B)Interdental gingiva fibers
C)Transseptal fibers
D)Marginal gingiva fibers

Question 25

What surrounds the root and connects it with the alveolar bone?

A)Papillary
B)Oblique
C)Periodontal ligament
D)Mast cells

Question 26

What group of principle fibers extends from the alveolar bone to the cementum in an apical direction?

A)Alveolar crest group
B)Horizontal group
C)Oblique group
D)Apical group

Question 27

What is calcified mesenchymal tissue that covers the surface of the root preceding and during the eruption process?

A)Papillary
B)Gingiva
C)Periodontal ligament
D)Cementum

Question 28

What are the two different types of cementum?

A)Papillary and acellular
B)Gingiva and cellular
C)Acellular and cellular
D)Cementum and cellular

Question 29

What is composed of woven bone or cribriform plate?

A)Contour bone proper
B)Dehiscence bone proper
C)Proximal bone proper
D)Alveolar bone proper

Question 30

What bone forms and supports the tooth sockets?

A)Contour bone
B)Dehiscence bone
C)Proximal bone
D)Alveolar bone

Question 31

Endochondral ossification creates what bone?

A)Osteocytes
B)Short and long bones
C)Long bones
D)Chondrocytes

Question 32

What is composed of collagen fiber and elastic fiber system?

A)Gingival groove
B)Gingiva fibers
C)Papillae
D)Marginal gingiva

Question 33

What type of cell produces various types of fibers found in connective tissue?

A)Fibroblasts
B)Leukocytes
C)Nuclei
D)Phages

Question 34

What item is not a cellular component of connective tissue?

A)Mast Cells
B)Macrophages
C)Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
D)Phages

Question 35

What recruits periendothelial cells to support endothelial tubes and form a mature vessel?

A)Vasoactive amines
B)Lymphatics
C)Endothelial cells
D)Angiogenesis

Question 36

What type of cells make up the outer layers of tissue in the oral mucosa?

A)Epithelial
B)Odontoblasts
C)Osteocytes
D)Ameloblasts

Question 37

What are the two types of bone development?

A)Appositional growth and growth cartilage
B)Intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification
C)Chondrocytes ossification and appositional growth
D)Appositional growth and appositional ossification

Question 38

Dentition is accomplished by:

A)Growth of alveolar process
B)Enamel eruption
C)Appositional growth
D)Incisor growth

Question 39

What are the two major events in tooth development?

A)Morphodifferentiation and cytodifferentiation
B)Amelogenesis and morphodifferentiation
C)Intermedium and cytodifferentiation
D)Amelogenesis and intermedium

Question 40

How many types of tissue compose a tooth?

A)3
B)4
C)7
D)2

Question 41

What is the smallest self-contained structure in the human body?

A)Desmosomes
B)Cells
C)Nucleus
D)Cytoplasm

Question 42

What type of tissue is tightly-packed collagen fibers?

A)Loose connective tissue
B)Lymphoid tissue
C)Dense connective tissue
D)Reticular

Question 43

What type of tissue may become a tendon or an aponeurosis?

A)Contractible
B)Perimysium
C)Muscle
D)Connective

Question 44

What are the three layers of connective tissue coverings that surround the spinal cord and brain?

A)White matter
B)Gray matter
C)Neuron membrane
D)Meninges

Question 45

What type of tissue contains collagen and reticulin fibers?

A)Loose connective tissue
B)Lymphoid tissue
C)Dense connective tissue
D)Reticular

Question 46

How many components are in connective tissue?

A)4
B)6
C)3
D)2

Question 47

What is the most abundant type of cartilage?

A)Bone
B)Fibrous
C)Elastic
D)Hyaline

Question 48

What constitutes the framework of compact bone?

A)Lamella
B)Lacunae
C)Osteoblasts
D)Osteons

Question 49

What adds to the overall strength and resilience of bone?

A)Osteons
B)Lamella
C)Organic matrix
D)Inorganic matrix

Question 50

What is the term for attempting to regenerate body tissue?

A)Tissue making
B)Tissue manufacturing
C)Tissue engineering
D)Tissue creation

Question 51

What do the terms "signals" and "scaffolds" refer to?

A)Tissue making
B)Tissue manufacturing
C)Tissue engineering
D)Tissue creation

Question 52

What is the hallmark of chronic inflammation?

A)Vasoactive amines
B)Tissue destruction
C)Tissue swelling
D)Arachidonic acid

Question 53

What does the inferior and superior alveolar artery supply blood to?

A)Cementum
B)Periodontal ligament
C)Alveolar crest
D)Periodontium

Question 54

What nerve carries sensations from the ear and the scalp?

A)Lingual
B)Nasopalatine
C)Zygomatic
D)Auriculotemporal

Question 55

Which nerve is a motor nerve?

A)Cranial nerve X
B)Cranial nerve VI
C)Metal nerve
D)Mylohyoid nerve

Question 56

Which endocrine gland is the largest?

A)Parathyroid
B)Thymus
C)Ebner's
D)Thyroid

Question 57

What is it called when a solid enters a cell?

A)Metaphase
B)Anaphase
C)Mitosis
D)Phagocytosis

Question 58

What regulates most cells to stimulate physiologic activity?

A)Steroids
B)Proprioceptives
C)Hormones
D)Glycoprotein

Question 59

What is somatotropin also known as?

A)Luteinizing
B)Adrenocorticotropic
C)Growth hormone
D)Follicle stimulation

Question 60

What gland releases tears?

A)Parathyroid
B)Sublingual
C)Lacrimal
D)Ebner's

Question 61

What type of response/s does inflammation provide?

A)Motor
B)Motor and vascular
C)Vascular and cellular
D)Cellular

Question 62

What lymph nodes are located beneath the chin?

A)Superficial
B)Facial
C)Submental
D)Deep

Question 63

What are the types of inflammation?

A)Acute and chronic
B)Acute and sudden
C)Chronic and hyper
D)Acute and hyper

Question 64

How many cardinal signs of inflammation are there?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 65

What muscle is self-stimulating?

A)Voluntary
B)Involuntary
C)Cardiac
D)Smooth

Question 66

Where does the vascular system originate?

A)Endothelial cells
B)Mesenchymal cells
C)Finer vessels
D)Endochondral

Question 67

Which is a major salivary gland of the head?

A)Ebner's
B)Parathyroid
C)Thymus
D)Parotid

Question 68

What is the liquid portion of blood?

A)Blood
B)Plasma
C)Platelets
D)Leukocytes

Question 69

What parallels the venous blood vessels?

A)Superficial lymph system
B)Lymphatic system
C)Autoimmune system
D)Endocrine system

Question 70

How many branches does the trigeminal nerve contain?

A)3
B)2
C)5
D)7

Question 71

What artery runs above the hyoid bone?

A)Lingual
B)Facial
C)Medial
D)Occipital

Question 72

How many categories of nervous systems are there?

A)2
B)4
C)1
D)3

Question 73

What vein drains into the internal jugular vein?

A)Infratemporal fossa
B)Retromandibular
C)Maxillary
D)Facial

Question 74

Where is newly-formed protein prepared?

A)Mitochondria
B)Lysosomes
C)Protein synthesis
D)Golgi complex

Question 75

What does the budding process from the Golgi complex produce?

A)DNA
B)CAN
C)RNA
D)MGA

Question 76

What is a gene?

A)DNA segment
B)RNA segment
C)CNA segment
D)DNA2 segment

Question 77

Where are chromosomes found?

A)Nucleus
B)DNA
C)RNA
D)Ribosome

Question 78

What is a lipid mediator that is a short-range hormone?

A)Vasoactive amines
B)Plasma proteins
C)Chemical mediators
D)Arachidonic acid

Question 79

What is responsible for hemodynamic effects?

A)Vasoactive amines
B)Tumor necrosis factor
C)Chemical mediators
D)Arachidonic acid

Question 80

What synthesizes the protein matrix for dentin?

A)Epithelial
B)Odontoblasts
C)Osteocytes
D)Ameloblasts