Question 1

Anatomy is the study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts. How many branches of anatomy are there?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy is the study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts. There are three branches of anatomy. Gross anatomy is the study of structures that can be seen with an unaided eye. Microscopic anatomy is the study of cells and tissues. Developmental anatomy is the study of human growth and development.

Question 2

In what cavity is the cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity found?

Accepted Answer

The cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity are found in the dorsal cavity. The cranial cavity is formed by the cranial bones of the skull and contains the brain. The vertebral cavity forms the vertebrae and contains the spinal cord.

Question 3

What is osteology?

Accepted Answer

Osteology is the study of bones. Bones are classified as rigid and firm connective tissues. They contain large amounts and various types of intercellular material and a small sampling of cells.

Question 4

What protects the soft tissues and organs of the body?

Accepted Answer

Bone protects the soft tissue and organs of the body. The bone provides attachments for muscles and ligaments and is involved in body movement, body defense, and as a repair mechanism.

Question 5

What are the two classifications of joints?

Accepted Answer

The two classifications of joints are structural and functional. Structural joints are categorized by the presence or absence of synovial cavity and the type of connecting tissue. Functional joints categorized by the degree of movements permitted.

Question 6

What group of joints allows for movements around three or more axes in three or more planes?

Accepted Answer

The Multiaxial joints allow for movements around three or more axes on three or more planes. The spheroid joints are the most movable joints where a ball-shaped head of one bone fits into a concave depression of another bone. Gliding joints are relatively flat articulating surfaces that allow limited gliding movements along various axes.

Question 7

Where are the bones hyoid, atlas, and axis?

Accepted Answer

The hyoid, atlas, and axis bones are in the neck. The hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone suspended in the neck at the superior and anterior thyroid cartilage. The atlas is the first cervical vertebra in which the lateral masses articulate superiorly with the occipital condyle of the skull and inferiorly with the axis. The second cervical vertebra is the axis. It provides attachment points for muscles responsible for the movement of the head.

Question 8

What bilateral joint is between the immovable temporal bones of the skull and the movable mandible?

Accepted Answer

The temporomandibular is the bilateral joint that is between the immovable temporal bones of the skull and the movable mandible. This synovial joint glides in the upper synovial cavities rotating in the lower synovial cavities. It allows for speech and mastication.

Question 9

What is the occlusal plane?

Accepted Answer

The occlusal plane is an imaginary horizontal line that is formed by the occlusal surfaces when the jaw is closed. Normal growth development creates non-pathologic touching of the tooth surfaces. However, harmful contact can develop from functional or parafunctional activity.

Question 10

Linguodental creates what anatomic sound?

Accepted Answer

Linguodental creates the anatomic sound of th (as in this, that, or the). The sound is created when the tongue extends between the teeth. It is an anatomic speech mechanism.

Question 11

Bilabial creates the sounds associated with the letters b, p, and m. It is created when lips are pressed together. These and other speech sounds are considered:

Accepted Answer

Bilabial creates the sounds associated with the letters b, p, and m. It is created when the lips are pressed together. These and other speech sounds are anatomic sound formations. Speech formation biomechanically contains air cavities (specific volume), pistons (volume initiator), and air valves (volume regulator).

Question 12

Linguopalatal sounds are made with which part of the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Linguopalatal sounds are made with the palate and create the following sounds: sh (as in shingle), ch (as in chime), j (as in jack), z (as in lesion), r (as in roll), and y (as in yoke).

Question 13

Ginglymodiarthrodial joints connect the lower jaw to the skull. What type of movement do these joints display?

Accepted Answer

Ginglymodiarthrodial joints connect the lower jaw to the skull. The movement displayed is freely movable. The Ginglymodiarthrodial joints are described as gliding and hinged joints.

Question 14

What surrounds the teeth in a scalloped outline?

Accepted Answer

The marginal gingiva surrounds the teeth in a scalloped outline. It is an unattached cuff-like tissue the surrounds the teeth facially, lingually, and interproximally.

Question 15

What does the masticatory system consist of?

Accepted Answer

The masticatory system consists of the mandible. The mandible is connected to the temporomandibular joint. This connection allows for the rotation and gliding function of the masticatory muscles.

Question 16

What is present in only 50 percent of the gingival surfaces?

Accepted Answer

The gingival groove is present in only 50 percent of the gingival surfaces. When present, it is located 1 to 1.5 mm apical to the gingival margin at the base of the gingival sulcus.

Question 17

When smiling, the black space between the buccal surface of the teeth and the cheek are the what?

Accepted Answer

When smiling, the black space between the buccal surface of the teeth and the cheek are the buccal corridors. The buccal corridors are of particular interest when evaluating the esthetics of a smile. Veneers and other prosthetics aid in the manipulation of the buccal corridors appearance.

Question 18

The anatomy of deciduous teeth is:

Accepted Answer

The anatomy of deciduous teeth is shallow. The roots are long and divergent, with little or no trunk. The primary teeth have a uniformed enamel of 1mm occlusally. There are usually 20 deciduous teeth erupted by 23 months of age.

Question 19

Diphyodonts have how many sets of teeth in a lifetime?

Accepted Answer

Diphyodonts have two sets of teeth in a lifetime, a permanent and a primary dentition that span three dentition periods: primary, mixed, and permanent.

Question 20

What bone forms the mandible and maxilla?

Accepted Answer

The mandible and maxilla is formed from intramembranous ossification. Intramembranous ossification begins in connective tissue membranes where osteoprogenitor cells differentiate into osteoblasts. The osteoblasts create a collagen matrix that ossifies and forms the maxilla and mandible.

Quiz 3: Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene